One of the most frequent ophthalmic diseases in dogs is keratoconjunctivitis sicca. This condition
is characterized by aqueous deficiency of the tear film, leading to clinical signs of
ocular discomfort, accumulation of secretion, and inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, which can worsen
and lead to visual loss. Treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca is one of the great challenges in this
scenario, as it demands continuous topical therapy, which is often discontinued by owners due to cost, management, or even long-term adverse effects. Cyclosporine is
an immunomodulatory drug already well known in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs, with proven efficacy. The formulation of this drug in a nanocarrier system has not yet been studied in dry eye and may offer advantages such as ease of drug dispersion in water and its manipulation in aqueous bases (allowing the obtaining of stable formulas with a more pleasant sensory experience), prolonged release of cyclosporine, reduction of adverse reactions, potentiation of the effect, and reduction of treatment costs. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy of 1% nanocyclosporine-based eye drops in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs. For this evaluation, canine patients diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis sicca will be used, using the Schirmer Tear Test showing a value below 15 mm/min, and the presence of typical clinical signs of the disease through evaluation with a slit-lamp biomicroscope (which include the presence of secretion, conjunctival hyperemia, neovascularization, and corneal pigmentation). These patients will be classified as having mild, moderate, and severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca according to the clinical signs involved and the Schirmer test value. The animals will then be divided into two experimental groups: the test group, which will undergo treatment with nanocyclosporine at a concentration of 1% manipulated in an aqueous-based vehicle, and the control group, which will receive a lubricating eye drop based on sodium carmellose. Both groups will be treated with an application frequency every 12 hours for a period of 60 days. Patients will be evaluated every 15 days by means of biomicroscopy examination with a slit lamp (to verify clinical signs) and the Schirmer tear test, these being the parameters used to determine the effectiveness of the medication. At the end of the study, it is expected to confirm the hypothesis that nanocyclosporine 1% eye drops are an effective medication in the treatment of dry eye in dogs and may be an alternative for manipulation in higher concentrations in aqueous vehicles, with fewer adverse effects and lower cost.

This study aims to investigate the evolution of muscle performance in show jumping horses with a complementary training program on a treadmill using electromyography and ultrasound of the triceps brachii (long head), tensor fasciae latae, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris muscles. Twenty-one show jumping horses will be used, divided into three groups: Professional group (n = 7), composed of experienced and high-performance animals; Student group (n = 7) and control group (n = 7), the latter composed of horses used for instruction in the Show Jumping discipline of the Riding Instructor Course. All participating animals will be previously evaluated for health and well-being. The complementary training protocol on a treadmill will be preceded by adaptation phases and will consist of exercises at variable speed, walk, trot, and gallop, and progressive treadmill inclination. Three trials will be conducted to collect data from the horses, at the beginning, middle, and end of the training period. Electromyography analyses will be performed on a treadmill with bilateral evaluation of the selected muscles. Thickness measurements of the selected muscles will be collected from ultrasound examinations to assess hypertrophy. It is expected that the training will result in positive improvements in the athletic performance of the horses.

Tracheal collapse is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative respiratory disease commonly observed in small-breed dogs, characterized by narrowing of the tracheal lumen and associated with clinical signs such as chronic cough, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance. Clinical treatment is palliative and aims to reduce clinical signs and improve quality of life. Inhaled corticosteroids have been used due to their local anti-inflammatory effect with reduced systemic absorption.

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate in dogs diagnosed with tracheal collapse, as well as its potential benefits and adverse effects. Fourteen dogs diagnosed by radiography and/or tracheoscopy were included and allocated into two groups: a control group (Gsal), treated with nebulized 0.9% saline solution, and a treatment group (Gbeclo), treated with nebulized beclomethasone dipropionate at a dose of 200 µg diluted in saline solution, administered every 12 hours for seven days.

Clinical evaluations were performed before and after treatment, including assessment of cough intensity, respiratory rate, exercise intolerance, respiratory pattern, pulmonary and tracheal auscultation, and overall clinical severity. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups regarding changes in cough intensity (p = 0.613) or respiratory rate after treatment. However, dogs in the treatment group showed a tendency toward overall clinical improvement, with reduced severity of respiratory signs and better clinical scores, without clinically relevant adverse effects.

In conclusion, inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate demonstrated good tolerability and potential clinical benefit in the management of canine tracheal collapse, representing a safe adjuvant therapeutic option for controlling clinical signs of the disease.

Vector-borne diseases in dogs represent an important challenge for veterinary medicine, especially in Indigenous communities that maintain a close relationship with the ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest, favoring exposure to hematophagous arthropods and agents with zoonotic potential. The socio-environmental vulnerability of these populations may contribute to the maintenance and circulation of these pathogens. The present study aimed to detect vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Indigenous villages located in the Costa Verde region (Paraty and Angra dos Reis) and in the municipality of Maricá, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as to evaluate possible epidemiological factors associated with infection. Blood samples were collected from 152 dogs from six Indigenous villages. Pathogen detection was performed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR (cPCR), employing specific primers for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia vogeli, Dirofilaria immitis, Acanthocheilonema reconditum, and Hepatozoon canis. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted to investigate associations between positivity and individual, environmental, and management variables. Molecular analyses revealed positivity for five distinct agents: D. immitis (17.1%), A. reconditum (14.5%), E. canis (8.6%), H. canis (2.6%), and B. vogeli (1.3%), while no dogs tested positive for A. phagocytophilum by qPCR. Coinfections were infrequent, occurring in three animals. Epidemiological analysis demonstrated statistically significant associations between age and infection by E. canis and A. reconditum, as well as between the consumption of raw meat and positivity for D. immitis. Spatial variation in the distribution of agents among the evaluated villages was also observed. In conclusion, there is widespread circulation of vector-borne pathogens in the studied Indigenous villages, representing an important challenge for animal health and a potential risk to public health. These findings reinforce the need for preventive measures, continuous epidemiological surveillance, and integrated strategies under the One Health perspective, recognizing the interdependence between animal, human, and environmental health.

Vertebral fractures and dislocations are among the consequences of vehicular collisions involving wild animals on Brazilian highways, including, among different canid species, the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). Regarding treatment methods, surgical approaches can be used according to various factors involved, and already have a well-established approach in the surgical practice of domestic dogs, which has a wide range of publications for anatomical-surgical evaluation and planning of the vertebral column. This resource is currently unavailable for wild canid species, thus creating difficulties in surgical planning for these species when necessary. The objective of this study is to acquire computed tomography images of the vertebral column from Cerdocyon thous cadavers from the Animal and Human Anatomy Laboratory of UFFRJ, for analysis and study of safe corridors for the insertion of surgical implants in spinal stabilization techniques in these species. The data will be tabulated and analyzed to generate a reference table for surgical planning in the absence of advanced imaging exams.

Lower respiratory tract disorders can be attributed to infectious and non-infectious causes. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (Nematoda, Metastrongyloidea, Angiostrongylidae) is the lung parasite of domestic cats most frequently diagnosed as causing lung disease with worldwide geographic coverage. However, due to the need for specific coproparasitological examination, which is infrequent in the worldwide laboratory routine, it becomes an underdiagnosed condition. On the other hand, chest radiography is commonly required and easily accessible, becoming an important tool in aiding the diagnosis of lung diseases. However, there are no radiographic findings specific to aelurostrongylosis, making it difficult to correlate it as a possible differential diagnosis. The present study aimed to correlate the presence of the parasite by means of Baermann's coproparasitological techniques and its modification, with the thoracic radiographic findings of domestic cats positive for the parasite. Fresh fecal samples will be selected, without predilection for sex, age or breed, with free access to the street or recently adopted, attended at the Domestic Cat Care Service of the HVPA Sector of UFRRJ, for various reasons. Naturally infected animals were submitted to clinical, hematological and thoracic radiographic evaluation. A total of 522 animals were analyzed, of which three were positive, female, recently rescuedand, only one, presented pulmonary symptoms and radiographic alterations compatible with its degree of parasitism. The data obtained from the present study are subjected to statistical analysis.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection remains highly prevalente in feline practice, and when progressive it presentes severe clinical manifestations, in the vast majority of cases, result in the death of patients. To date, no treatments have been conclusively proven effective against FeLV, they are only symptomatic. Following in vitro studies and some in vivoreports, raltegravir, an antiretroviral integrase inhibitor, appears promising for treating the infection due to the high degree of conservation of active integrase sites present in many retroviruses. The purpose of this study was to enable an effective and safe treatment against FeLV, assesing its efficacy in suppressing virus replication through the analysis of the count of proviral DNA copies and sufficient viral RNA to convert patients with progressive infection  into regressive. Patients with progressive infection were randomly divided by drawing lots into a control group and a treated group. The treated group received raltegravir at a dose of 40mg every 12 hours, while the control group received a placebo capsule. Both groups were monitored for clinical progression and laboratory tests, blood samples were collected for Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), Real-Time Reverse Transcription (RT-qPCR), complete blood count with platelet count, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total proteins, albumin and globulin, every 5 weeks, for a total of 10 weeks. The data obtained from the present study are subjected to statistical analysis.

Heartworm disease is a zoonosis, caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis, and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culicidae family. It is a complex and potentially fatal cardiopulmonary disease, with a chronic course and progressive evolution, but can occur acutely in highly parasitized animals. The parasite is preferentially located in the pulmonary arteries, generating an inflammatory process throughout the vascular endothelium and lung parenchyma due to its physical presence and movement. Furthermore, surface antigens from Wolbachia bacteria, an endosymbiont of D. immitis, can be released, which contributes to increasing the inflammatory process. There is evidence that the inflammatory lung disease associated with the presence of D. immitis is actually more related to the presence of Wolbachiae than the inflammatory effects caused by it remain even after the elimination of the adult parasites. Initially, the infection may be asymptomatic, gradually and progressively; and begin to present clinical manifestations such as chronic cough, change in breathing pattern, exercise intolerance, anorexia, syncope, among others. Diagnosis is based on the detection of circulating antigens of the adult parasite using ELISA and immunochromatography techniques in addition to microfilariae research. Imaging tests such as radiography and echocardiography allow us to observe cardiopulmonary changes caused by the filaridium, establishing the severity of the infection. Since the adulticidal treatment recommended for dogs with heartworm disease is not available in Brazil, it is recommended to use an alternative treatment that combines the use of a drug from the macrocyclic lactone class associated with doxycycline. The objective of this study is to dynamically evaluate macroscopic and cytological lung changes from the occult phase of the disease, through bronchoscopy, in dogs diagnosed with heartworm disease.

Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus Mikan, 1823) are neotropical primates endemic to the Atlantic Forest in the state of São Paulo and are among the most endangered species in the world. The destruction of its habitat mainly drives the population decline of this species, and little information is available on the causes of mortality of L. chrysopygus. Between 1979 and 2024, 77 necropsies were carried out on black lion tamarins. According to the clinical history, necropsy and histopathological examination, the causes of death were identified in 42.8% (33/77) of the cases. The main systems affected were the digestive system, followed by the respiratory and urinary systems. The most frequent microscopic findings related to the causes of death included pneumonia (10/33), enteritis (9/33), nephritis (5/33) and hepatitis (4/33). The diagnosed cases were classified as infectious, with parasitic (27.2%; 9/33), bacterial (12,1%; 4/33) and viral (3%; 1/33) origins, and non-infectious, including traumatic (12.1%; 4/33) and neoplastic (3%; 1/33) causes. In addition, the inflammatory category with no known etiologic agent was identified, present in 27,2% (9/33) of cases, and renal disorders in 15.1% (5/33). Recording mortality and microscopic findings in managed populations is essential for understanding and supporting the conservation of these species. This knowledge contributes to improving management, care strategies, and is fundamental for public health and the environment.

Neuropathies represent an important portion of diseases diagnosed in equids. They are significant causes of economic losses in equids in Brazil and around the world. However, few studies have been conducted with the purpose of characterizing the etiologies of neurological diseases in donkeys. The present study aims to identify the clinical, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics of encephalopathies in northeastern donkeys in the state of Bahia.The animals came from a farm located in Serra Preta, Bahia, where they had lived for about two years, along with other donkeys kept under the same nutritional, sanitary, and environmental management conditions. All the donkeys were vaccinated against rabies and herpes, and were also tested for AIE, with the positive animals being sanitized. Blood samples were collected from all donkeys for complete blood count and biochemical tests. All the animals showed signs of apathy, ataxia, limb abduction, and tongue protrusion. Due to the unfavorable prognosis, they were sent for necropsy.During the necropsy, fragments of liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen, spinal cord, brain, heart, stomach, intestines, and muscles were collected. Additionally, liver samples were collected to measure copper and iron levels. Fragments of the central nervous system (CNS) were collected and sent for direct immunofluorescence (IFD) testing for the rabies virus. In the properties where the animals were previously kept (Euclides da Cunha and Canudos), soil and plant samples were collected to determine the mineral content. Necropsy revealed focal extensive laceration in the upper lip, blackened liver, cerebral edema, and gastric ulcers in all the animals. Microscopically, brown pigment was observed in hepatocytes, cerebral and spinal neurons, renal tubular epithelium, endothelium, and spleen. In the liver, rodanine staining revealed copper. After analyzing the minerals in the liver, a significant presence of iron was found. It was suspected that the excess might have originated from the soil or plants. Therefore, an analysis of the mineral content in the soil and plants was conducted. Despite the collected data, it was not possible to elucidate the cause, although morphological and histological changes were observed. In most of the animals, the concentrations of iron and copper found were below those described in the literature for intoxication cases; only two presented high concentrations of iron in the liver. Consequently, the identified neurological disorders were attributed to encephalopathies resulting from severe liver disease. However, the origin of this liver disease remains unexplained, as iron toxicity did not present enough evidence to be considered a likely cause. Additionally, two articles on neurological diseases and one on neoplasia in equids were prepared, which are included as chapters of the dissertation

Wound healing is a physiological process essential for the recovery of skin lesions and plays a crucial role not only in veterinary medicine but also in overall health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan, a polysaccharide derived from chitin, on skin wound healing in pigs, focusing on histopathological and morphometric aspects. Two forms of chitosan were compared: aerosolized chitosan (QA) and granulated powder (QG), the latter being a conventionally used treatment. The research followed the ISO 10993-6 standards and guidelines, which provide direction for the biocompatibility assessment of materials used in medical devices, ensuring the reliability and applicability of the results. The methodology involved inducing skin wounds in pigs, followed by the application of treatments with either QA or QG. Macroscopic, histopathological, and morphometric evaluations were performed on days 14 and 28 after wound induction, with parameters including collagen deposition, angiogenesis, reepithelialization, and the inflammatory response in the damaged tissues. The macroscopic evaluation focused on measuring the extent of the lesion, the presence of crusts, hemorrhage, necrotic material, and scarring. No macroscopic differences were observed between the wounds evaluated in the two experimental groups. Histopathological evaluation followed criteria established by the ISO standard, focusing on tissue reactivity, granulation tissue formation, and collagen organization. The results showed that both treatments promoted effective healing, with QA showing slightly higher tissue reactivity in the wounds compared to the control group treated with QG. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups regarding collagen deposition or new blood vessel formation (angiogenesis), suggesting that while aerosolized chitosan is associated with a more intense response in the early stages of healing, both treatments result in satisfactory tissue regeneration. The morphometric analyses, which included measuring epithelial thickness and quantifying new blood vessels, showed that reepithelialization was similar in both groups, with a slight trend towards thicker epithelium in the wounds treated with QA, but without statistical differences. The results demonstrated the evolution of healing over time for both formulations, highlighting that aerosolized chitosan induced a more pronounced inflammatory response in the first two weeks, which gradually evolved into a more stable healing phase. This study concludes that chitosan, especially in its aerosolized form, is a promising alternative for the treatment of skin wounds in pigs, showing good efficacy in promoting healing and facilitating field application. However, further studies are needed to validate its effectiveness in different clinical models and to explore the advantages of this formulation compared to other available treatments.

The optimization of the healing process is due to veterinary medical knowledge in indicating accurate therapeutic approaches, using appropriate drugs in a rational manner; avoiding adverse drug reactions, poisoning and especially bacterial resistance, leading to higher treatment costs and delayed tissue repair. There is an increasing financial and academic investment in preclinical and clinical studies in the lines of research in pharmacology and biomaterials, aiming at the production of new types of dressings, such as hydrogels and calcium alginate. Also following this line of thought, more and more research is being produced using medicinal plants as alternative treatments for wound healing; due to their antiseptic, bactericidal and healing properties. In this category, Aloe vera (Aloe) and Melaleuca altenifolia (Tea tree) stand out. The aim of this study was to perform clinical-pathological and microbiological evaluations of the healing of contaminated skin wounds treated with hydrogel based on Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil and Aloe vera extract. This experiment was approved by the CEUA of Estácio de Sá University, number 001/2023, approved on January 31, 2023. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams were used. With the animals anesthetized, two skin wounds measuring 1.5 cm in diameter were made in the dorsal region, which were subsequently contaminated with multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and identified in G1 (cranial wound treated only with 0.9% saline solution); G2 (caudal wound treated with collagenase and chloramphenicol ointment) and G3 (wound treated with phytotherapeutic hydrogel). After proper identification, the animals were separated into G1G2 (cranial wound treated with saline solution and caudal wound with ointment) and G1G3 (cranial wound treated with saline solution and caudal wound with phytotherapeutic hydrogel). The wounds were evaluated for their morphological and morphometric appearance at 3, 7 and 14 days postoperatively. After ethical euthanasia of the animals, the fragments of these wounds were subjected to histological analysis, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Masson's Trichrome to evaluate the type and quantity of inflammatory infiltrate, angiogenesis and fibroplasia. Abdominal organs such as liver, kidneys and spleen were also separated for structural and anatomopathological evaluation. Microscopic evaluation revealed that G3 wounds presented a higher rate of collagen deposition and reepithelialization than G2 wounds. Morphologically, G3 wounds produced less crust than G2 wounds, which, despite maintaining a drier appearance, the crust produced a barrier that protected against the loss of electrolytes, fluids and the entry of extrinsic harmful agents. Regarding the inflammatory process, wounds treated with the commercial ointment presented a lower rate when compared to those treated with the phytotherapeutic hydrogel. In terms of microbiological control, a 25% reduction in the rate of microorganisms was observed in G2 wounds and a 17% reduction in G3 wounds. Thus, the phytotherapeutic hydrogel proposed in this study presented satisfactory results compared to the ointment, as it demonstrated to have a great healing potential, despite its low bactericidal potential; it may be an option to replace the healing and antimicrobial base..

Unlike humans, the mycobiota of animals, and specifically birds, has been little studied. Little is known about the oral mycobiota and other areas of the body. However, it is known that birds are potential carriers of yeasts and filamentous fungi that can cause diseases in humans and other animals, including birds themselves. In addition to this, birds themselves suffer consequences due to imbalances in their microbiota. Factors such as deforestation, urban growth, hunting, and smuggling of wild birds are important factors in the dissemination of various microorganisms in various environments, which poses a risk to public health. In this study, components of the oral, skin/feather, and cloaca mycobiota of 23 psittacine birds of the species Ara ararauna, Ara chloropterus, Amazona aestiva, Amazona amazonica, Amazona rhodocorytha, and Aratinga auricapillus were isolated, identifying a total of 179 different fungal samples. Highlighting in vitro virulence factors specific to these isolates and the antifungal sensitivity of the isolates with the greatest epidemiological potential.

In vitro virulence was evaluated by testing the production of proteases and phospholipases, hemolysis capacity, DNAse production, and urease production, according to the isolated fungal group. Antifungal sensitivity was evaluated by the microdilution method using the antifungals itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, nystatin, and amphotericin B. The aim is to contribute to the knowledge of the fungal components of psittacines by evaluating the presence of yeast-like fungi and filamentous fungi common to these bird species and, among them, identify the capacity to produce virulence factors that facilitate transmissibility and contagion of pathogenic fungi to owners, professionals who work with birds, other animals, and the birds themselves. This will allow the clinical veterinarian to differentiate between conditions due to increased fungal proliferation in the animal's body and those resulting from the presence of pathogenic fungi not related to the anatomical sites studied, as well as assist in the selection of more effective antifungals in the presence of fungi resistant to antifungals. It will also stimulate the production of new antifungals, highlighting the need for research into new drugs with the increasing emergence of fungi resistant to the most commonly used drugs. We will also contribute to the epidemiological study by understanding the participation of birds in the epidemiological chain of zoonoses involving important fungal microorganisms.

Quadratus lumborum muscle block (QLB), first proposed by Blanco in 2007, is a well-established method in medicine and still under study in veterinary medicine for intraoperative analgesia in abdominal surgeries. Additionally, the administration of magnesium sulfate to the local anesthetic prolongs the duration of anesthesia and improves the quality of analgesia in human patients. Therefore, this prospective, randomized, blinded study aimed to evaluate the analgesic effect of bupivacaine alone or in combination with magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in quadratus lumborum block in bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Forty-five bitches were sedated with a combination of acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg) and meperidine (3 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Anesthetic induction and maintenance were performed with intravenous propofol (dose-effectiveness). The bitches were distributed into 3 treatments (n=15): The QLB control group (GS) received 0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml/kg/point; The QLB bupivacaine group (GB) received 0.25 ml/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine + 0.25 ml/kg of 0.9% NaCl per point; and the QLB bupivacaine-magnesium group (GM) received 0.25 ml/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine + 0.25 ml/kg of 10% MgSO4 per point. During surgery, analgesic supplementation was performed with remifentanil according to cardiovascular parameters (20% increase in heart rate and/or blood pressure, in relation to the measurement at stabilization time). The measured variables were: heart and respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation, expired carbon dioxide concentration, remifentanil requirement, propofol requirement, time to first analgesic rescue, number of morphine rescues, number of rescued bitches, pain assessment using the interactive visual analog scale (IVAS) and reduced Glasgow Coma Scale (GSMPS-SF), and degree of sedation. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software, version 6.0, and the significance level was set at 5% (P<0.05) for each test. The results showed no difference between the groups for pain scores (IVAS and GSMPS-SF) or sedation between the groups (P>0.05). However, for the GSMPS-SF score, when compared to the TB, the GM group was the only one to present a significant difference only in the first two evaluated times, only at T0.5h and T1h. Regarding intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirements, there was no difference between the groups. However, the bitches in the GS group (130 ± 60.8 minutes) required rescue morphine faster than the GB group (450 ± 75.5 minutes) (P<0.05). Regarding heart rate, a significant difference was observed between the GS and GB groups at skin incision, with the GS group having a higher value during the intraoperative period (P<0.05). However, blood pressure did not follow this difference between the groups. Therefore, based on the results found, it is concluded that treatment with bupivacaine and bupivacaine and MgSO4 administered in the quadratus lumborum block did not present robust results that demonstrate better analgesia during the intraoperative and postoperative periods.

Chronic pain is a significant clinical challenge in feline medicine, particularly among elderly cats with osteoarthritis (OA), a progressive and degenerative condition that impairs joint function and reduces quality of life. Early diagnosis is hindered by the feline species’ behavioral tendency to mask clinical signs. In this context, alternative therapies such as phytocannabinoids have gained interest due to their action on the endocannabinoid system, with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a phytocannabinoid-rich oil in managing osteoarthritic pain in geriatric cats. Thirty-one cats were initially enrolled, and twenty completed the full protocol. The average age of the cats was 12.7 years, and body weight ranged from 2.54 kg to 7.77 kg. The oil was well tolerated by most patients, and adverse effects were mild, self-limiting, and did not require discontinuation of treatment. These findings contribute to the assessment of the safety profile of phytocannabinoids in geriatric cats with osteoarthritis.

A interação entre os sistemas ósseo e imunológico vem sendo
profundamente estudada para melhor entendimento do processo de
regeneração óssea. Na tentativa de favorecer a antecipação deste processo
fisiológico, a utilização de terapias locais, sistêmicas e externas, há décadas, é
motivo constante de pesquisas nas diferentes áreas da saúde. Neste contexto,
destacam-se a Laserterapia de Baixa Intensidade (LBI) e a Terapia
Fotodinâmica (TDF), que apresentam tanto resultados benéficos já
consolidados, quanto respostas ainda a serem investigadas, respectivamente.
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da fotobiomodulação,
associada ao azul de metileno, no processo de regeneração óssea em defeitos
ósseos induzidos experimentalmente no fêmur de ratos Wistar (Rattus
norvegicus). Um total de 24 animais, machos, com 90 dias, pesando 250-300 g
foram submetidos à confecção de dois defeitos ósseos monocorticais (2 mm de
diâmetro, cada defeito) realizados na face cranial da diáfise femoral direita,
totalizando 48 defeitos. Todos os defeitos ósseos distais foram preenchidos por
10 microlitros de azul de metileno. A fotobiomodulação foi realizada com
aparelho de luz vermelha pulsátil, de Arsênio e Gálio, contendo um
comprimento de onda de 660 nm, potência de 40 mW e 2,3 J/cm 2 . Dois
intervalos de tempo distintos (20 s e 90 s) foram utilizados. Oito animais foram
submetidos à simulação da irradiação pelo laser (grupos: controle - defeitos
ósseos não preenchidos e submetidos à simulação do laser com o aparelho
desligado (n=8); azul de metileno (AM) - defeitos ósseos preenchidos com 10μl
de azul de metileno 0,01% e submetidos à simulação do laser com o aparelho
desligado (n=8); oito animais submetidos à irradiação durante 20 s (grupos:
LLLT20 - defeitos ósseos não preenchidos e tratados com laserterapia durante
20s (n=8); LLLT20 + AM - defeitos ósseos preenchidos com 10μl de azul de
metileno 0,01% e tratados com laserterapia durante 20s (n=8); e oito animais
submetidos à irradiação durante 90 s (grupos: LLLT90 - defeitos ósseos não
preenchidos e tratados com laserterapia durante 90s (n=8); e, LLLT90 + AM -
defeitos ósseos preenchidos com 10μl de azul de metileno 0,01%, e tratados
com laserterapia durante 90s (n=8). Aqueles submetidos à terapia, foram
irradiados durante a cirurgia e a cada 48 h até o dia em que foram
eutanasiados (7° ou 14° dias). As amostras foram coradas com Hematoxilina e
Eosina e Picrosirius Red, além da realização de imuno-histoquímica com o
anticorpo T-bet. Foram analisadas nas áreas de neoformação óssea: o total de
fibras colágenas tipo I, o número total de células, a expressão de T-bet em
linfócitos e a densidade do número de osteócitos presentes. As análises
estatísticas, revelaram que tanto os defeitos ósseos preenchido por azul de
metileno (P&lt;0,0002) como aqueles tratados pela LLLT90 de maneira isolada
(p&lt;0,0202) apresentaram aumento significativo do colágeno total, quando

comparados ao grupo controle no sétimo dia de avaliação; destaca-se o grupo
LLLT90 (9,656±1,482; P&lt;0,0026) como o único que apresentou aumento
significativo na expressão de T-bet em linfócitos quando comparado ao grupo
controle (3,163±0,8398); no grupo LLLT90 (97,55±7,942; P&lt;0,0005) houve
redução na contagem celular em relação ao grupo controle (165,4±12,70)
quando avaliada aos sete dias de tratamento; enquanto o grupo LLLT90 + AM
apresentou maior destaque em promover redução no número de células em
ambos os períodos avaliados (113,7±10,21; P&lt;0,0227 / 66,84±7,820;
P&lt;0,0001, respectivamente); além disso, foi observada redução significativa no
número de osteócitos nos grupos LLLT20 (8,865±4,198; P&lt;0,0001) e LLLT90 +
AM (13,79±0,3622; P&lt;0,0315) no primeiro período avaliado, quando
comparado ao grupo sem tratamento (20,47±1,896). De acordo com os
resultados parciais desta pesquisa, observa-se que o intervalo de tempo de 90
s de aplicação do laser em defeitos ósseos realizados no fêmur de ratos
apresenta maior influência no processo de regeneração óssea, associado ou
não ao azul de metileno, quanto utilizado ainda na fase aguda da lesão.

Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Neotropical reptiles, specifically in snakes,
represents a critical gap in animal pathology and epidemiological surveillance concerning
this agent, justifying the urgent need to validate diagnostic methods for these species. This
study aimed to establish and apply a robust two-step diagnostic workflow to identify T.
gondii DNA in 13 individual snakes of the species Boa constrictor using conventional
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The methodology initially employed a tissue-pooling
strategy (brain, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney) to optimize sensitivity, followed by
confirmation in individual samples. The protocol established strict operational criteria,
classifying results as positive (clear band at 529 bp), weak positive (low-intensity band), or
negative (absence of specific amplification). In the first stage, screening the four initial
pools revealed the presence of parasitic DNA in three groups (two with clear amplification
and one with a weak signal), which led to the progression of 10 individual samples for the
subsequent confirmation stage. In summary, the analytical workflow proved to be
applicable and highly reproducible in reptiles, demonstrating a validated and sensitive
protocol for screening in B. constrictor. The results obtained not only confirm the
technique's applicability in non-conventional species but also underscore the importance of
integrating future molecular and pathological tools (such as sequencing and
anatomopathological and serological correlation) to elucidate tissue tropism and determine
the true magnitude of the infection in this significant host.

Numerous birds are found debilitated or dead along the Brazilian beaches due to anthropogenic actions, metabolic, infectious, and parasitic diseases. The present study aims to report renal parasitism caused by Renicola mirandaribeoi in Sula leucogaster found by the monitoring team of the Beach Monitoring Project of the Campos and Espirito Santo Basins (PMP BC/ES). A total of 43 S. leucogaster were subjected to necropsy histopathology between April 2021 and December 2023. Among these, 19 birds exhibited renal lesions caused by trematodes. Formalin-fixed renal tissue samples were dissected, and parasites were obtained for morphological identification. Paraffin blocks were dissected, and the trematode eggs were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the parasites identified the species as Renicola mirandaribeoi. The primary renal histological finding was the dilation of collecting ducts. This study describes renal lesions in Sula leucogaster caused by Renicola mirandaribeoi.

The toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distributed disease, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondiithat affects several species, including pets such as dogs and cats, and also humans As it is a disease with zoonotic potential, and high risk for immunosuppressed patients, toxoplasmosis is a topic of relevance for public health, which deserves attention and study. Although there are other ways of transmitting the disease, the possible transmission of the parasite through hematogenic route in blood donor dogs is the subject of this work, which aims to establish the prevalence of the disease in blood banks and establish the level of relevance of detecting this etiological agent in donor screening tests To do this, the study analyzed blood samples from 100 donor dogs from a blood bank in the city of Rio de Janeiro.Through the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT), such samples were evaluated for the presence of anti-T.gondiiantibodies As a result, 8% of the samples were positive, with five females and three males; of which six belonged to distinct kennels and only two were from the same kennel In the second sample, the number of positive animals increased to 14% and in the third and final collection, 15% of the dogs were diagnosed as seropositive.The detection of anti-T antibodies. Gondii in a considerable percentage of the animals analyzed reinforces the importance of investigating the presence of this agent in donor screening tests. It is critical to implement screening protocols that include the detection of anti-T antibodies. Gondii to ensure the safety of blood recipients. It is hoped that the information presented here can be used to improve toxoplasmosis screening and prevention practices, thus contributing to the health and well-being of animals and blood recipients.

Platinosomosis is the nomenclature used to refer to infection by the trematode Platynosomum spp. Infections occur mainly in felines. The parasite's life cycle includes the presence of three intermediate hosts (snails, terrestrial isopods, geckos or frogs). The cat is considered the definitive host of the parasite and acquires the infection by ingesting a vertebrate intermediate host containing metacercariae. Infected cats may be asymptomatic or show signs such as vomiting, diarrhea and jaundice. Laboratory tests related to liver function and damage and ultrasound can lead to diagnostic suspicion, which is confirmed through parasitological examination of feces or bile. The treatment for the infection is praziquantel. The present work aims to evaluate possible ultrasound changes before and 30 days after treatment with praziquantel (20mg/kg/3days), in the ultrasound appearance of the liver and bile ducts of cats parasitized by Platynossomum sp. Descriptive statistics were performed for numerical variables. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied to evaluate the normality of the variables, with normal values being considered those with a p value>0.05. The T (student) and Wilcoxon tests were applied to compare means for parametric and non-parametric variables, respectively. The Chi-Square test was used to compare the frequencies of hepatobiliary changes detected on ultrasound and biochemical tests. The analyzes were carried out at a significance level of 95%, using the BioEstat® 5.0 program. Therefore, 10 cats underwent abdominal ultrasound examination with emphasis on the hepatobiliary system and underwent hematological and biochemical tests for liver evaluation before and 30 days after treatment using praziquantel. When comparing the ultrasound examination before and after treatment, changes were detected such as the presence of biliary sludge in the gallbladder (5/10), the cystic duct was visible in five animals, of which only 3 showed an increase in its diameter, 40% of the animals showed periductal reactivity, 70% showed decreased hepatic echogenicity, the other parameters evaluated were within normal limits. After treatment with praziquantel, a statistical difference was observed only in the height of the duodenal papilla (t=-4.8595, p=0.0009). The hematological evaluation revealed that the mean hematimetric parameters before and after treatment remained within the reference values for the species, as well as biochemical analyses, where total plasma proteins showed their mean value slightly increased on day 0 (8.6 - 1.7 g/dL) and on day 30 (8.72 - 1.12 g/dL). In the present study, it was possible to conclude that the cats evaluated naturally infected by Platynosomum sp. presented ultrasound changes related to the hepatobiliary system such as the contents in the gallbladder and bile ducts, liver echogenicity and presence of periductal reactivity.; duodenal papilla height was the only ultrasound parameter that showed a difference in ultrasound exams 30 days later, but without any significant clinical correlation; ultrasound changes were more frequent than blood changes to detect changes in the hepatobiliary system in cats naturally infected by Platynossomum sp. on Day 0 and after treatment with praziquantel (20mg/kg/3days) on Day 30.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0°, 30°, 90° and semi-flexible optics with 180° deflection applied to the thoracic cavity. To achieve the objective, 9 bovine fetuses obtained from females in the final third of pregnancy slaughtered in a slaughterhouse with a Federal Inspection Seal were used. The fetuses were positioned in the sternal recumbency position and access to the thoracic cavity will be through a trocar located in a paraxiphoid process, through which the optics were inserted to evaluate which structures are visualized at each angle. The structures that can be viewed with each lens were evaluated, taking note of the positive and negative points of each one. Furthermore, after performing the thoracoscopy, a conventional thoracotomy was also performed to evaluate these structures for comparison purposes. Through fulfillment of this work, it was possible to observe that using the paraxiphoid approach, there was not a single angle capable of evaluating all the structures targeted. It was observed that the 0° optic had regular viewing for field 1, good for field 2 and regular for field 3. In turn, the 30° optic had good performance for field 1, excellent for field 2 and regular for field 3. The 90° optic proved to be regular for fields 1 and 2, and good for field 3. Regarding the optic with a 180° semi-flexible rod, good performance was obtained for field 1. and 2, and great for field 3.

The use of ovulation-inducing agents plays a crucial role in anticipating the natural ovulation process to a predictable period of 48 hours. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different ovulation inducers to stimulate follicular vascularization. The study was carried out in the equine sector of the UFRRJ during the reproductive seasons of 2022/2023 and 2023/2024. A total of 54 estrous cycles were used. The selected mares were separated into four experimental groups according to the type of ovulation inducer used: CG - control group: mares that were not submitted to ovulation induction (13 estrous cycles); GhCG - group of mares induced with hCG (13 estrous cycles); GD - group of mares induced with deslorelin acetate (13 estrous cycles); GH - group of mares induced with histrelin acetate (15 estrous cycles). The study began by monitoring the estrous cycle until a pre-ovulatory follicle was observed (diameter ≥ 35mm and edema ≥ 3). The mares were then randomly assigned to the treatment groups, where they were either induced to ovulate or follicular monitoring was carried out until ovulation occurred spontaneously (control group). For the GhCG group, 1 ml with 1000 IU of hCG IV (Chorulon®5000 IU) was used; for the GD group, 3 ml with 750µg of deslorelin acetate IM (Sincrorrelin®) was used; and for the GH group, 1 ml with 250µg of histrelin acetate IM (Strelin®) was used. The moment of ovulation induction was considered to be the zero hour (0h) of the ultrasound evaluations, continuing every 12h until ovulation. The mares were examined by B-mode ultrasound (US) to assess uterine edema and follicular diameter, Power Flow Doppler US with subjective assessment of follicular vascularization and spectral Doppler US measuring the pulsatility (PI) and resistivity (RI) indices of blood flow in the ovarian artery of the ovarian pedicle ipsilateral to the pre-ovulatory follicle. Among the results obtained, there was a significant difference in uterine edema within each group at all the times assessed; in the assessment of follicular vascularization, there was a significant difference in the CG between 12 and 24 hours (p=0.0242) and in the GH between 0 and 36 hours (p=0.0227); in the assessment of ovarian artery vascularization, there was a significant difference in the IR of the GH between 12 and 36 hours (p=0.0465). When the groups were compared within each hour, no statistical difference was observed in the variables analyzed. There was also a tendency towards higher pregnancy rates when there was a decrease in the subjective assessment of follicular vascularization, PI and RI and when there was proportionality to uterine edema. It can therefore be concluded that there is no difference between the inducers in stimulating an increase in follicular vascularization during the ovulatory process, nor is there any influence on the pregnancy rate. However, the histrelin acetate-based inducer showed a decrease in follicular vascularization between the time of induction and ovulation, which makes it a good parameter for assessing possible complications during the ovulatory process.

Equine endometritis is considered the third main disease of the species and the cause of the greatest economic losses in equine reproduction due to early pregnancy failures. However, there are no reports describing and evaluating the application of Power Flow and spectral Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometritis or the formation of a pattern of vascularization of the uterine segments when evaluating mares with or without endometritis. Therefore, the general objective of the project is to form a standard in differentiating the uterine hemodynamics of mares with or without endometritis. The project was carried out in the equine farming sector at UFRRJ. 45 mares were used, divided into three groups: G1 – group of mares without endometritis (n:16 mares); G2 – group of mares with subclinical endometritis (n:15 mares); G3 – group of mares with clinical endometritis (n:14 mares). In experiment 1, an evaluation of the mares was carried out (reproductive history and ultrasound). The estrous cycle was then monitored until a pre-ovulatory follicle was observed. From there, samples were collected for cytological examination, fungal and bacterial culture. With the induction and detection of ovulation, the mares were monitored by B-mode transrectal ultrasound (US) and US Doppler Power Flow mode of the uterine segments and US Doppler spectral mode of the left and right dorsal branches of the uterine artery. These exams were performed every day until the next ovulation to evaluate a complete estrous cycle. After the second ovulation, a fragment of endometrium was collected to perform an endometrial biopsy. Experiment 2 will be carried out to measure the technique, where mares without prior knowledge of their reproductive history will be evaluated, informing a diagnosis suggestive or not of endometritis. Based on the preliminary results, we observed that the groups that present the largest number of mares with endometritis are the groups aged ≤8 years and ≥14 years and that the majority of these mares belong to the reproductive category of the recipients. The proportionality between the variables pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) can be confirmed, however, when they are analyzed together, PI supplies the RI synergism, which becomes non-significant. And another fact observed was the proportionality between PI and RI and the increase in the number of mares in the endometritis group, which goes against the biological effect of vascular perfusion. Therefore, for now we can conclude that assessments based on Doppler US could not be used as a parameter for the additional diagnosis of endometritis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition, triggered by a dysregulated response of the body to an infection. As it is a syndrome with non-specific signs, symptoms and progression, early diagnosis is challenging and crucial to reducing its high morbidity and mortality rates. The present study aims to develop a score for diagnosis, severity stratification and prognosis, similar to the SOFA score, for dogs with sepsis due to pyometra. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted by analyzing 136 medical records of bitches diagnosed with pyometra and treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, from May 2017 to May 2020. Records with comorbidities with systemic repercussions were excluded. All the data analyzed was taken from the admission exams, collected before any pharmacological interventions. Mortality was evaluated up to the 14th day after admission. Sepsis was considered present when any one (or more) of the following organic dysfunction criteria were identified: systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg; 13 points or less on the modified Glasgow Coma Scale for dogs; platelet count < 200,000/μL; total serum bilirubin > 0.5 mg/dl and; serum creatinine > 1.7 mg/dl. To develop the score, risk analysis and logistic regression were performed to identify the variables with the greatest impact on the outcome of sepsis and mortality. The prediction models were developed in accordance with the recommendations of the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD). The scaling of the variables selected to stratify severity was based on the normality values available in the literature, plus the standard deviations obtained from the 136 samples. Four scoring models were proposed with varying combinations of predictors: score A punctuates cardiovascular, hemostatic, neurological, hepatic, renal dysfunctions and changes in appetite at 4 levels of severity; score B differs from A in the method of assessing mental state; score C stratifies the same predictors as A, into just 3 levels of severity and adds assessment of blood lactate and presence of diarrhea; score D uses the same predictors as A, stratifying them into 3 levels of severity. The APPLE score (The Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation) and the SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria already validated in veterinary medicine were also performed on the same samples for comparison purposes. The variables were subjected to the D’Agostino K2 normality test and for comparisons between groups, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis was used. Model discrimination analyzes were performed using ROC (Receiver Operator Curve) analyzes using the area under the curve (AUROC) and AUROC > 0.7 was considered acceptable. The average age of the general population was 8±4 years and body weight was 14±10 kg. The criteria adopted to define sepsis were present in 79% (107) of these animals. Thirteen animals (9.5%) died. All applied scores obtained statistically discrepant scores between surviving and non-surviving animals. Animals that died reached significantly higher medians compared to survivors (p<0.001). Only in the SRIS classification was this level of statistical significance lower (p= 0.043). The lowest median points among non-survivors was obtained in score D (4 points) and the highest in scores B and C (8 points). In the ROC analyses, the APLLE score presented the best performance for discriminating mortality, followed by the proposed score C, but scores A and B also presented acceptable AUROC values for the same outcome. A specific and easy-to-apply score for evaluating septic dogs aims to make diagnosis faster and assist in making therapeutic decisions, aiming to reduce high mortality rates.

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCTs) is one of the most common neoplasms in dogs, with a highly variable prognosis. Despite the existence of histological grading methods, immunohistochemical markers, and molecular analyses to aid in the prognosis of most cases, there is no means to predict the behavior of all MCTs cases, especially those most frequent, Grade II Patnaik/Low Grade Kiupel. Additionally, the main complementary methods of prognostic immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MCTs suffer from the variety of methodologies employed in the literature and consequently from the lack of standardization and consensus on these methodologies. The α chain of the interleukin-3 receptor (CD123), which has been studied in Human Medicine as a diagnostic marker for lymphohematopoietic neoplasms, is immunodetected in some human mastocytosis cases and is suggested as a prognostic factor. This marker has also been extensively tested in various experiments as a therapeutic target for human neoplasms, particularly refractory/relapsed leukemias and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms. Despite the apparent potential of this biomarker in Human Medicine, it had not been reported in Veterinary Medicine studies demonstrating its clear detection in canine samples. This research, based on a sample of 63 MCTs (30 low-grade and 33 highgrade), demonstrated that 58.7% (37/63) of cases were immunoreactive with CD123, with 43.3% (13/30) of low-grade cases and 72.7% (24/33) of high-grade cases being positive. Additionally, we analyzed the intensity of immunostaining in positive cases at two levels (weak and consistent). Immunostaining of MCTs with CD123 was positively related to high Kiupel Grade (p = 0.020), and the intensity of immunostaining showed a positive relationship for consistent staining in high-grade Kiupel MCTs (p < 0.001). Prior to this result, we demonstrated an extensive methodology of standardization and validation by comparing CD123 staining patterns, from checking the reaction of a monoclonal versus polyclonal anti-CD123 antibody with different detection systems and comparing with the staining pattern in human controls. We also investigated CD123 immunodetection in various non-neoplastic canine tissues and samples of benign and malignant lymphohematopoietic neoplasms on a TMA slide with 2mm cores of specimens from cutaneous plasmacytomas, cutaneous histiocytomas, histiocytic sarcomas, and multiple myeloma. Finally, we demonstrated that the two-step polymer IHC detection method may interfere with the KIT staining pattern in MCTs, where cases immunostained as KIT patterns I and II in the one-step polymer detection method were shown as a pattern KIT III in the two-step polymer detection method, which implies a significant change in the interpretation of prognosis depending on this technique.

The diversity of rodents is remarkable in various types of habitats, arousing considerable interest in research related to adaptive mechanisms beyond the spread of transmissible diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of altitude on hematological values and to investigate hemoparasites of the genus Trypanosoma in wild rodents from Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. A total of 114 rodents, males and females, from low and high-altitude regions, between 800 to 1500m and 2000 to 2500m respectively, were included in the study, using baited traps (SISBIO 74498-7). After capture and immediately following euthanasia, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture (CEUA/IOC-035/2018). Hematological analyses were conducted on rodents belonging to the Cricetidae Family (Subfamily Sigmodontinae) due to the group's greater representativeness and its close evolutionary proximity. A direct investigation through blood smear observation and detection via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the 18S rRNA gene of Trypanosoma parasites was also conducted in all individuals from the high-altitude region and in five rodents of the genus Rhipidomys {Tschudi, 1845} from the low-altitude region. Regarding comparative hematological analyses, hematocrit and eosinophil values were higher in male rodents from the low-altitude region. Additionally, an increase in total leukocyte count was attributed to an increase in individual counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes in males and females from this same region (low part). Animals from the high part showed higher values only in relation to total plasma protein and platelet count, with the latter data observed only in males. The detection of Trypanosoma sp. in rodents from the high-altitude region (N=74) demonstrated a rate of 18.92% (N=14), with 20% (N=7) in males and 16.22% (N=6) in females belonging to the genera Akodon {Meyen, 1833}, Brucepattersonius {Hershkovitz, 1998}, Castoria {Pardiñas, Geise, Ventura, Lessa, 2016}, and Oligoryzomys {Bangs, 1900}. From the samples of rodents of the genus Rhipidomys {Tschudi, 1845} from the low part tested in PCR, a positivity rate of 20% (N=1) was observed in a single male individual. Trypomastigote forms were identified in blood smear slides from five animals that also tested positive in PCR. The data from this study indicate the existence of varied hematological patterns among sigmodontine rodents along altitude gradients, as well as the presence of Trypanosoma sp. in wild rodents from both regions of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia. These findings encourage further epidemiological studies aimed at elucidating the role played by these rodents in the spread of diseases in domestic, wild fauna, and human health.

The Anura Order, represented by toads, tree frogs and frogs, belongs to the Amphibia Class, along with the Gymnophiona and Caudata Orders. Due to their biphasic life cycle, which generally comprises an aquatic larval stage and a terrestrial adult stage, anurans are exposed to several hematophagous ectoparasites in both environments, such as leeches, dipterans and ticks, which, in turn, can serve as vectors in the transmission of hemoparasites. In free-living animals or animals from non-anthropic environments, parasitic infestations do not usually cause significant clinical changes, however, intense parasites may be associated with immunocompromised animals and changes in the environment where they live, making frogs good environmental indicators. Among the great diversity of hemoparasites found in anuran blood samples are hemogregarins, a term used to aggregate a group of hemoparasites, including those of the genus Hepatozoon, the most described in anurans and the trypanosomatids species of the genus Trypanosoma. To date, there are no reports in the literature investigating the occurrence of hemoparasites of the genus Trypanosoma and Hepatozoon in frogs of the Cycloramphidae family. This family gathers species with peculiar reproductive biology, such as the species Thoropa miliaris, endemic to the Atlantic Forest, whose spawning and larvae development occurs exclusively in water films that run on rocky outcrops. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hemoparasites of the genera Trypanossoma and Hepatozoon in blood samples of cycloramphids of the Thoropa miliaris species collected in the Costa Verde Region, in the municipality of Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, through morphological, morphometric and molecular analyses, followed by a phylogenetic study of the SSU 18s gene, to characterize the species found.

The presence of stressors stands out as one of the main elements correlated with the decrease in productive and reproductive performance in cattle. Heat stress has been discussed as one of the main factors impacting livestock due to the increasing change in climatic conditions in the world, in particular the increase in temperature. In dairy cows, heat stress has deleterious effects in several stages of reproductive development, decreasing the fertility of herds in several ways. The temperature and humidity index (THI) has been widely used as an indicator capable of estimating the degree of thermal comfort in the production unit and because it has a positive correlation with physiological parameters indicative of stress and a negative correlation with productive and reproductive aspects. The THI is easy to obtain because it takes into account the ambient temperature and the relative humidity of the air, allowing to quantify the level of exposure to thermal stress. However, studies report a reduction in reproductive performance during the warmer months even in subtropical regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the pregnancy rates of crossbred dairy cows in the different seasons of the year in the Zona da Mata Mineira region. For that, an observational study was carried out using data from a commercial dairy farm located in Mar de Espanha/MG. The collection of environmental temperature and humidity data was carried out using the INMET base – Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. The climatic conditions in the period from 2014 to 2022 were evaluated and characterized by the calculation of the THI. The lowest THI was observed during the winter (61.5±3.9) while the highest occurred in the summer (68.4±3.6). The pregnancy rate observed in winter (59.9%) was significantly higher than that observed in summer (48.6%). When comparing the average THIs between pregnant and non-pregnant cows within each of the seasons, no significant difference was observed, as well as no difference was observed in the period of service for any season of the year. Animals with a higher genetic composition of Bos taurus (7/8 and 15/16) showed a reduction in the pregnancy rate during the summer when compared to animals with a lower European composition (30.5% and 62.3%, respectively), showing more sensitive to weather conditions. It is concluded that the subtropical climatic conditions during the summer negatively impacted the pregnancy rate of crossbred bovine females and that this impact occurred more intensely in animals with a higher European genetic composition.

The objective of this study was to qualitatively and comparatively characterize the microorganisms found in the endometrium of mares of different ages. Intrauterine material was collected from 46 healthy mares for cytological analysis, fungal, and bacterial culture. The selected animals were allocated into three age groups: G1 (n = 10) - nulliparous mares aged between 2 and 4 years; G2 (n = 17) - reproductive phase mares aged between 5 and 10 years; and G3 (n = 19) - reproductive phase mares aged between 11 and 18 years. The mares underwent ultrasonographic evaluation to monitor the estrous cycle, and when they presented a follicle with a diameter ≥ 35 mm and uterine edema grade 3 (on a scale of 1 to 5), intrauterine material was collected. The samples were collected using a sterile swab and cytological brush with the aid of a gynecological forceps. The collected material for fungal/bacterial isolation was placed in Stuart medium at room temperature and sent to the laboratory at UFRRJ. Slides were stained with rapid panoptic staining, and cytology aimed to identify the presence of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils, under optical microscopy at magnifications of 400 to 1000X. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of 5%. Among the findings, bacterial culture showed the presence of Bacillus spp, Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus sp. Animals in Group G1 had significant differences in the proportions of bacterial genera found; animals in Group G2 had more individuals with Staphylococcus bacteria than Groups G1 and G3; and animals in Group G3 had a higher incidence of Bacillus bacteria. The genus Streptococcus was not found in Group G3, which may be related to the age of the animals and their history of uterine treatments. Bacillus bacteria were the most common. Fungal culture showed the presence of Candida albicans, Geotrichum sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Trichosporon sp. Fungal colonization is more diverse in mares from Groups G2 and G3, with a prevalence of Candida albicans, Geotrichum sp., Rhodotorula sp., and Trichosporon sp. Group G1 showed fungal colonization by Candida albicans and Rhodotorula sp. Cytological evaluation of the mares' endometrium showed that 90% of the animals in Group G1 presented cytology without characteristic alteration. The alterations present in G2 and G3 may be associated with endometrial inflammatory processes, given the increased number of inflammatory response cells (G2 = 58.9% and G3 = 78.9%), which may correlate with the age of the animal and reproductive management conditions. No significant differences were observed regarding the presence of harmful microorganisms between G2 and G3, which was not the case when compared to G1. These results demonstrated that there is a lower incidence of harmful microorganisms in the uterine endometrium of young and nulliparous mares compared to the other groups.

Studies investigating causes of death in the feline species have grown and provide information for owners, veterinarians and companies in the veterinary field. Felines diseases were diagnosed in the states of Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro by necropsy performed by the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology (LPV) of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT) and the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRuralRJ) between 2020 and 2021. All felines included in the study underwent molecular surveillance and immunohistochemistry to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. During this period, 96 feline necropsies were performed in these institutions. Of these, 45% (43/96) were necropsy performed by the LPV/UFMT team, and 55% (53/96) were performed by the SAP/UFRuralRJ team. Conclusive diagnoses were 81% (35/43) at LPV/UFMT and 90% (48/53) at SAP/UFRuralRJ. The study presented 96 diagnoses, as some felines had more than one conclusive diagnosis, which points to the leading causes of death in cats in Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro. The leading cause of death in both states are inflammatory and parasitic diseases. One feline from Mato Grosso showed staining in the epithelial cells of the nasal concha, bronchi, and bronchioles in the lung and renal tubules at the immunohistochemical examination with anti-SARS-CoV nucleocapsid antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The present study provides results of diseases affecting felines in two different regions of Brazil. We reinforce immunohistochemical examination as an auxiliary method in diagnosing cats infected by SARS-CoV-2.

Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoa belonging to the family Sarcocystidae. They have a heteroxene cycle, requiring two hosts to complete the cycle. The sexual phase occurs in the definitive host and the asexual phase in the intermediate host, thus infecting a wide variety of animal species. Both agents cause tissue cysts in the musculature of the intermediate host. Sarcocystis spp. is the etiologic agent of intestinal sarcocystosis, a zoonosis of great economic and public health importance. Neospora caninum causes neosporosis, a disease involved in serious economic losses in Brazilian and world livestock, due to reproductive losses. The epidemiology of these coccidia in cats is poorly understood and there is a lack of studies in the literature. Thus, the main objective of this research is to identify the protozoa Sarcocystis spp. and Neospora caninum in feral cats. The samples were provided by the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) where all the processing and histopathological diagnosis will be carried out. Whole blood and reproductive tissues are from neutered cats from Ilha Furtada, popularly known as Ilha dos Gatos, located in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Costa Verde do Rio de Janeiro. A total of 54 tissue samples will be analyzed, such as: testes, uterus, ovaries, placenta and fetuses previously fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological analysis. Relevant information such as sex, race and life stages of the animals were also provided for data collection. The slides will be processed and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) dyes, then they will be analyzed by optical microscopy. In cases where at least one visualized cyst is morphologically compatible with the studied protozoa, the tissues will be considered histologically positive. Whole blood and tissue fragments destined for molecular diagnosis will be kept in Eppendorf-type microtubes and frozen until the samples are processed in the laboratory. Molecular analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) will use Qiagen's DNeasy® kit for DNA extraction following the manufacturer's guidelines. The extracted products will be amplified in the Veretti Thermal Cyclicler (AB Applied Biosystems). For electrophoresis, agarose gel with a concentration of 0.8% (0.8 g of agarose in 100 ml of TAE buffer) will be used. For detection of the B1 gene, conventional PCR will be used with the following primers: 5'-GGA ACT GCA TCC GTT CAT GAG-3' and 5'-TCT TTA AAG CGT. For reading and capturing Nested-PCR images, a software from Carestream Molecular Imaging (Carestream Health), version 5.0 will be used. This is a pioneering study to use reproductive tissues for the diagnosis of Sarcocystis and Neospora caninum and the first to be carried out with cats from Furtada Island. It is important to highlight possible sources of infection and the participation of these animals in the coccidia cycle and a possible potential for transmission to humans and other animal species. Thus, it is expected to contribute to further studies on the subject to be carried out in the future and serve as information for pathologists and veterinarians as a differential diagnosis for other parasitic diseases.

Mammary neoplasms represent the main oncological diagnosis in bitches, with a high proportion of diagnoses being malignant tumors, which directly reflects on the prognosis and survival of bitches. The main predisposing factor for the occurrence of breast cancer is related to hormonal influence, where intact females have a higher prevalence compared to spayed females. For better monitoring and prognosis of bitches with mammary neoplasms, an oncological staging is established according to the TNM system, established by the World Health Organization (WHO), in addition to the histopathological classification and predictive and prognostic factors obtained by immunohistochemical examination. In search of greater prognostic aid, some biomarkers are increasingly investigated, such as the use of Carcino Embryonic Antigen (CEA). CEA is highly expressed in some tissues such as lung, intestine and mammary tissue, it is a biomarker that, when increased, is related to the diagnosis of malignant and more aggressive neoplasms, including mammary neoplasms in bitches. In situations of malignancy, CEA values are commonly increased, directly helping as a prognostic factor for cancer patients, that is, patients at higher risk of life in relation to neoplasia. The CEA is an exam performed by radioimmunoassay method by evaluating the serum or blood plasma, the sample collection is considered minimally invasive and allows for a less traumatic process of obtaining. Oncological monitoring should be carried out jointly, following the guidelines established by the World Health Organization (WHO) by the TNM system, evaluating the extent of the disease, lymph node involvement and the presence of metastasis in other organs. This study aims to correlate CEA values with the histopathological results of 20 bitches with mammary tumor, 19 patients underwent unilateral total mastectomy associated with lymphadenectomy, 16 histopathological results were obtained. Blood samples were collected for biomarker evaluation through peripheral vessel venipuncture and blood serum storage at a temperature of -20ºC until laboratory evaluation. Awaiting CEA results for comparison with the histopathological results obtained

Spontaneous hypercortisolism is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol excess can cause dysfunction in different organ systems such as the respiratory system, and several mechanisms are involved in the clinical manifestations of hypercortisolism associated with the respiratory system. However, respiratory alterations, although common, are little studied in these cases. High serum glucocorticoid levels promote: i) respiratory muscle weakness; ii) accumulation of chest and abdominal fat; iii) hepatomegaly; iv) occurrence of dystrophic mineralization in different segments of the respiratory system and; vi) pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, it may predispose to pulmonary thromboembolism due to the increase in clotting factors. Clinical manifestations such as cough, dyspnea, cyanosis and exercise intolerance are commonly observed in dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism. The diagnosis can be made by the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test or the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. The diagnosis of pulmonary alterations can be evidenced through chest radiography or chest computed tomography. Aiming to determine the most frequent pulmonary alterations in dogs with hypercortisolism and their clinical consequences, 21 dogs with hypercortisolism were submitted to evaluation of history and clinical signs, respiratory physical examination and chest X-ray. Statistical analysis was performed to verify frequency, risk analysis and normality. The radiographs were taken using digital development and parameters such as diameter of the main bronchi, pulmonary patterns, size of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries were analyzed by a certified radiologist. The most frequent clinical respiratory signs were snoring (61.9%), coughing (57.1%) and tiredness (52.4%). Two tutors reported the presence of dyspnea and one of cyanosis. In the physical examination, only one animal did not present alterations, while the highest frequency of alteration observed was alteration in pulmonary auscultation (95.2%). The body condition score was evaluated as altered in 95% of the animals and there was a correlation between body score and cyanosis and presence of alteration in pulmonary auscultation, both presenting the same level of significance and risk (p=0.02950; OR=0.000). There was also a moderate correlation (r=0.571) between weight and respiratory rate. Radiographic changes were seen in 47.5% of the animals with a higher frequency of bronchial pattern (70%). The assessment of the caudal lobar pulmonary artery was performed separately, and it was altered in 71.4% of the animals. A Spearman correlation test was performed, which showed a moderate correlation (r=0.571) between weight and respiratory rate. In the present study, it was possible to observe that dogs with excess cortisol showed respiratory and radiographic alterations. The high body score in patients with hypercortisolism was significant for the exacerbation of clinical signs of cyanosis and tachypnea. Radiographic changes in dogs with hypercortisolism were frequent, but other studies with advanced imaging techniques are needed to confirm these changes related to hypercortisolism.

The simplification of Timed Artificial Insemination (TAI) protocols, with a reduction in costs and a reduction in the number of procedures, becomes interesting since it facilitates the dissemination and application of this technique. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare two short-term protocols for synchronization of ovulation and TAI using estradiol benzoate or cypionate as ovulation inducers in dairy cattle. For that, 172 Girolando cows were submitted to ultrasonographic evaluation (Mode B) of the ovaries and selected after the identification of a corpus luteum and a dominant follicle with diameters ≥ 14 mm and between 8-20 mm, respectively. From the identification of these structures, all animals received 500 µg of sodium cloprostenol (D0) and were randomly divided into two treatments: estradiol benzoate (EB) group and estradiol cypionate (EC) group. In the females of the BE Group, 24 hours after the application of PGF2alpha, 2 mg of EB were applied (D1), and the TAI was performed 24 to 28 hours after this administration (D2). The animals in the EC Group received 2 mg of EC simultaneously with the application of PGF2alpha, with TAI being performed 48 to 52 hours after this application. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after artificial insemination using transrectal ultrasonography. In the present study, two experiments were carried out. In the first (experiment I), the follicular dynamics of eighteen females submitted to the two treatments (EB Group; n = 9; EC Group; n = 9) was monitored, and the following parameters were evaluated: follicular growth rate (mm/day); preovulatory follicle (POF) diameter on D0 and D2 (mm); time of ovulation in relation to PGF2alpha application and TAI (hours) and ovulation rate (%). In the second part of this study (experiment II), 172 females were submitted to the two treatments (EB Group; n = 85 animals and EC Group; n = 87 animals) with the aim of comparing conception rates. Regarding experiment I, no statistical difference (p > 0.05) was observed for any of the evaluated parameters, and the ovulation rate was 77.8% for both treatments. The overall conception rate, regardless of the ovulation inducer, was 30.2% (52/172) and when the two treatments were compared (EB = 27.1%; EC = 33.3%), no difference was observed. It was observed that cows with a body score < 3.0 tended to have a higher conception rate when the ovulation inducer was EC (39.1% x 18.2%; p = 0.06). When conception rates were analyzed according to preovulatory follicle diameter on D0 (FPO ≥ or < 10 mm), cows in the EC group had significantly higher conception rates than females synchronized with EB (48.3 % x 29.0%; p = 0.03). It is concluded that estradiol benzoate and cypionate can be used with the same efficiency in short-term timed artificial insemination protocol n dairy cows, and treatment with cypionate is more efficient in cows presenting FPO > 10 mm at the beginning of the protocol.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan. Felines are the definitive hosts. The main objective of this study was to research Toxoplasma gondii in reproductive tissues and serum of wild domestic cats (Felis catus), determining its importance in One Health for the microregion studied. The Ethics Committee (CEUA) approved this field study at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) under protocol number 6422250523/2023 (ID 002533). Serum and tissue samples from the reproductive tract of 52 free-ranging domestic cats from Ilha Furtada, Mangaratiba in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were used. For histopathological analysis, tissues from testes, uterus, ovaries, placenta and fetuses were previously fixed in 10% formaldehyde. The samples and files with animal data were provided by the Pathological Anatomy Sector (SAP) at UFRRJ. Serological diagnosis for detection of IgG anti-T. gondii was performed using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). Reproductive tissues and blood were also analyzed using histopathology and PCR to identify the parasite, carried out in the Pathological Anatomy Sector. Serum samples from 52 cats were investigated using the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) to detect anti-T. gondii, using the cutoff point of 1:25. Of the 52 samples analyzed, 40.4% were positive (21/52). With this study it was possible to infer that the cats on Ilha Furtada were exposed to T. gondii and therefore, this disease may be present in this wild population. Due to the unique orographic formation, there is a risk of oocysts being carried to the sea due to the descending relief of the island's terrain. This study is a pioneer in “Ilha dos Gatos”. According to the research, none of the samples evaluated were positive for Toxaplasma gondii, when submitted to histopathological diagnosis or PCR. New studies must be carried out to investigate environmental contamination through oocysts eliminated in feces and possible infections in other animal species, including birds and fish, since occasionally this protozoan can also infect cold-blooded animals. Therefore, this study intends to warn that toxoplasmosis can occur in this population of wild felines on Ilha Furtada and further investigations in this population must be carried out.

Freshwater terrestrial and aquatic turtles (tortoises) have been kept as pets around the world for hundreds of  years. In Brazilian territory, records of their creation as pets certainly date back more than a century. Many, such as the North American red-eared turtle (Treachemys scripta) have been imported and sold in a rudimentary and uncontrolled way since the mid-20th century, originating from the United States, where the species is usually found in the wild and kept as a Pet. Whether by escape or irregular release, several of these animals can now be found in several Brazilian states, generating competition and hybridization with native species (Trachemys dorbigni), generating environmental imbalance. In order to prevent their introduction, as well as other species of tortoises and tortoises, whether native or not of the Brazilian fauna, from generating such environmental impacts, surgical sterilization procedures are increasingly demanded by veterinary medical professionals. It is also worth mentioning the growing occurrence of reproductive  pathologies in these species, such as dystocia, which require increasingly advanced training and knowledge on the part of veterinary surgeons in the correct management and surgical resolution of cases. The technique of ovariosalpingectomy through prefemoral access, recently described and still under development, proves to be an effective and less invasive way of surgical access, when compared to the techniques usually performed through the plastron. These interventions, in addition to demanding a longer procedure, generate a higher level of tissue injury and longer recovery time, in addition to the risk of major surgical complications, such as tissue rejection and local or systemic infections. In aquatic chelonians, transplastal access can also make it difficult to reintroduce these animals into the aquatic environment. Therefore, the technique of ovariosalpingectomy through prefemoral access is indicated and preferred for the sterilization of tortoises.

As in other classes of animals, birds present orthopedic lesions that require surgical treatment, among them, fractures are very common conditions. Compared to mammals, there are few scientific studies dedicated specifically to avian orthopedics. Intramedullary locking nails are orthopedic implants applied inside the medullary canal of the bones (neutral axis), therefore, they have great mechanical resistance, being able to efficiently neutralize all the forces acting on the fracture site, in addition to being able to be implanted in a minimally invasive fashion, respecting the precepts of biological osteosynthesis and does not require covering the soft tissues over itself. Therefore, as already demonstrated in the literature, its potential for application in birds is vast and still little explored. Due to complications attributed to the composition of orthopedic implants, around 50 years ago, the first studies of biodegradable polymers as possible substitutes for traditional metallic compounds in the production of orthopedic implants were deloveped. The use  of intramedullary nails made from biodegradable polymers in animals had already been successfully reported. An orthopedic implant, similar to a locked intramedullary nail model, already existing and commercially available on the veterinary market in Brazil, therefore compatible with its implantation system, was developed. Through advanced imaging exams (digital radiology and computed tomography) performed on ex-vivo tibio-tarsal bones of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and measurement of specific measurements using surgical planning software and DICOM image manipulation, the appropriate dimensions of the implant were established. With the aid of online and free CAD (computer aided design) programs, modeling and 3D printing were done successfully. The application of implants developed in polylactic acid polymer (PLA) in the bones of the experiment was made out successfully, with excellent results when carried out using fluoroscopy.

As they reflect the function of the right ventricle (RV), the morphology and function of the right ventricle (RA) are of great clinical importance, in addition to being strongly associated with clinical cases in many conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension. Few works in veterinary medicine establish normality values for the morphology and function (reservoir, conduit and pump) of the RA or explained among the techniques applied in its evaluation by means of two-dimensional echocardiography. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphology and function of the right of Beagle dogs by means of two-dimensional echocardiography. The animals were screened through clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic examinations, in which 39 healthy dogs, male and female, aged between 1 and 5 years and with a body condition score between 4-6/9 were selected. The animals underwent measurement of systemic blood pressure and electrocardiographic examination. To assess atrial morphology and function, a two-dimensional echocardiographic examination was performed using three different techniques: right atrial volume, direct atrial area (maximum, minimum and pre-atrial contraction) and linear measurement (maximum and minimum). the data were later rounded to suggest the reservoir, conduit and pump function of the AD through ejection collection or fractional area variation. Volume measurements (mL) did not show good repeatability due to the high coefficient of variation, unlike area (cm²), which showed good reproducibility. Both the volume and the strong positive regulated area with the minimal linear measure of the AD, suggesting to be a promising parameter in the evaluation of this chamber. In the analysis of the function, a positive negative result was observed between conduction and pump function, suggesting that when there is a decrease in passive atrial function, there will be an increase in active function. The variation between the measurements of the RA was moderately positive with the measures of the systolic and diastolic area of the RV, suggesting that when there is an increase in the RA, an increase in the RV is expected. In the analysis between the sexes, there was no difference between females and males in any of the AD measurements. Thus, the minimum linear measurement of the right proved to be a promising parameter in the evaluation of this chamber, as it is an easy-to-perform technique with good reproducibility.

Small breeds are increasingly present in homes. Brachycephalic breeds are included in this group, so the crossing of the intention to achieve the model like, shorter obstructive snouts, anatomical features of the anterior airways, which together form the brachycephalic dog syndrome. Other breeds of great acceptance for the modern man are poodles, where they can as a predisposing disease or present tracheals. Allied to the fact that man increasingly offers attitudes towards animals as family members, there is, in many cases, an appropriation of humanization, where dogs are exposed to different extrinsic factors, such as: tobacco, use of perfumes and lotions. that act as irritants for these animals, which cause respiratory diseases such as chronic bronchitis. These patients have a higher vasovagal tone index than healthy and non-brachycephalic dogs. The inspirational work process changes the previous phase to suspended airway. In addition to the rest period, it is known that during the period of rest time, the predominance of the vagal stimulus can occur between moments, it is known in great moments, observed mainly between moments, calm, which find them patient, observed mainly between the moments, calm, that find them patient, observed mainly during the rest period. This increase in parasympathetic tone reflects increased heart rate variability (HRV). HRV corresponds to the set of Heart rate along the heart being the automatic modulation of the indicator. Therefore, the study of HRV in obstructive diseases may bring to light the knowledge of the excess of parasympathetic stimulation regarding the occurrence of bradyarrhythmia and their clinical consequences, and the possibility of improving the autonomic balance or specific treatment of the disease. of the increase in the quality of life of these patients, evaluating the determination of the clinical prognosis of their findings.

The omentum is a tissue present in all mammals and there is clear evidence of its properties in the treatment of animals, such as stimulating neovascularization, tissue reconstitution, lymphatic drainage, filling defects and increasing healing, even in sites with infection. Its application occurs in peritoneal and extraperitoneal lesions with wide use in surgery, but there is scarce information regarding its microscopic analysis and composition, not being found in Veterinary Medicine studies that compare the characteristics of the omentum between domestic species. It is necessary to study the components of the omentum in animals to understand the true value of this tissue, exploring its basic structure, to observe if there are clusters of immune cells, the known milk spots (MS), as reported in the human omentum, and to determine the composition and activity of this immune population. For this, omentum fragment samples measuring 2cm x 2cm were collected from 15 cats and 13 bitches during elective ovariohysterectomy surgery. The samples were, depending on the analysis carried out, divided into two, one fixed in 10% buffered formalin for the histopathology and immunohistochemistry technique to be performed at the Immunohistochemistry Laboratory of the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in order to detect immune cells (B and T lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells); the other sample was fixed in a karnovizk solution for ultrastructural analysis by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy performed at the Souto-Padrón and Lins Multi-User Microscopy Unit Laboratory of Microbiology at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. In the histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluations, MS were not found, only aggregates of defense cells, mainly in the translucent region and next to the vessels. The immune population was mainly composed of macrophages, followed by B and T lymphocytes in bitches; in the cats there was a smaller number of defense cells, only macrophages were detected. In electronic microscopy, the presence of pores and lymphatic stomata on the surface of the omentum in both regions was noted. It was concluded that despite the differences in structure and composition of the omentum in female dogs and cats compared to the human species, the findings of this study demonstrate the role of this tissue in the defense mechanisms against intraabdominal disorders and the validity of its use in the repair of extraperitoneal injuries in the evaluated species.

Embryo transfer (ET) is the biotechnology most used in horses, one of its biggest problems being embryonic loss in the recipient. Two factors are important causes of these losses: the dysfunction of the corpus luteum (CL), with less progesterone production, and cervical manipulation at the time of ET, which can cause an inflammatory response in the uterus, releasing PGF2α and triggering luteolysis, causing embryo absorption. The objective of the experiment is to verify whether the use of progesterone L.A. associated or not with meloxicam in the recipient on the day of ET, increases the pregnancy rate. The receivers will be divided into 6 groups: 4 of cyclic receivers (I to IV) and 2 of acyclic receivers (V and VI). Being a control group and the others that will receive medication at the time of ET. GROUP I (n = 20) = control; GROUP II (n = 20) 1.5 g of P4 L.A., GROUP III (n = 20) 1.5 g of P4 L.A. and 1.5 g of meloxicam; GROUP IV (n = 20) 1.5 g meloxicam. The two groups of acyclics will be prepared with the same protocol: they will receive 5 ml of Estrogin® (Estradiol Benzoate) on the day on which the donor ovulates and after 48h 1.5 g of P4 LA, after the fourth day of P4 the embryo will be transferred . GROUP V (n = 20) 1.5 g of P4 L.A. and GROUP VI (n = 20) 1.5 g of P4 and 1.5 g of meloxicam. The diagnosis of pregnancy will be carried out seven days after ET and confirmation of pregnancy at 30 and 60 days.

Keywords: progesterone, meloxicam, embryo, equine

Heartworm disease is a disease caused by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis, a parasite highly widespread in the world, with high prevalence in tropical regions and transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, Aedes and Anopheles. The worms inhabit the pulmonary arteries and the right side of the heart, causing cardiovascular and pulmonary parenchyma changes. The diagnosis is made by detecting antigens from adult females and by searching for microfilariae in blood samples. Doppler echocardiography can be diagnostic when viewing adult worms, however, as well as chest radiography, they are more used to evaluate and measure the repercussions of the disease. Heartworm is the definitive host for domestic and wild canids, but several species can be affected such as felines, sea lions, mustelids, rodents and, rarely, humans. All of these species may not be definitive hosts for D. immitis and the effects of this parasite on health and ecology are still unclear for many of these species, as well as the possibility of the potential reservoir of these animals. Rio de Janeiro is a Brazilian state endemic for the disease, and the huge number of reservoir animals is a risk and increases the likelihood of disease transmission in less commonly affected species. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine the occurrence of heartworm in wild carnivores coming from care at the Bioparque do Rio, wild animal screening center (CETAS) Seropédica, wild animal recovery center (CRAS) at Estácio de Sá University and wildlife sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Blood samples for D. immitis antigens and microfilariae will be collected. In positive animals, an echocardiogram will be performed to assess the cardiac repercussions caused by the disease.

The degenerative desmopathy of the suspensory ligament of the billet has as characteristic an accumulation of the proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix causing the degradation of the collagen fiber, being irreversible and debilitating, the most signs are claudication, effusion in the phalangeal metacarpal joint, diminution of the metacarpal angle and / or phalangeal metatarsus and progressive increase of the suspensory branches, being found in several races, with emphasis on Paso Peruano horse. In vivo diagnosis is still a challenge, due to the little explored techniques and limited knowledge of the pathogenesis, the study will aim to identify suspect animals in the mangalarga marchador race, performing complementary tests that signal the disease in the establishment.

Pyometra is defined as a uterine infectious disease of common occurrence in bitches. This disease
often determines the development of sepsis, which, in turn, is defined as a life threatening organ
dysfunction that occurs from a dysregulated host response to an infection. The diagnosis of sepsis
is considered a challenge in Veterinary Medicine. RNL and RPL are two biomarkers that have
shown promising results as biomarkers of this syndrome in humans. The objective of this
retrospective study was to evaluate the utility of these ratios biomarkers of sepsis in bitches with
pyometra. The medical records the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de
Janeiro were reviewd. Healthy bitches were admitted as a control group (C, n=95), and bitches
diagnosed with pyometra as “P group”. The bitches with pyometra were sub-allocated in the
subgroups “without sepsis” (PO), “with sepsis” (PS), “survivors of sepsis” (PO+SS), “survivors
of pyometra” (SS) and “death group” (SN ). Epidemiological variables (age and race), laboratory
variables (total leukocytes, neutrophils, band neutrophils, lymphocytes and platelets), NLR, PLR
and number of organ dysfunctions were compared between groups and subgroups. ROC curve
analyzes were performed to determine the accuracy of variables for diagnosing pyometra and
sepsis and for predicting death outcomes. Binary logistic regression analyzes were performed to
verify the association of variables with different diagnoses and outcomes. Age differed only
between C and P groups. Different leukocyte and platelet dynamics were observed between
groups and subgroups. The NLR varied only between bitches with and without pyometra, and
was not accurate in diagnosing sepsis and predicting death in bitches with pyometra. The PLR
varied between bitches with and without pyometra, with and without sepsis, and between
pyometra survivors and death group. However, it did not present diagnostic and prognostic
accuracy for sepsis and outcomes. The number of organ dysfunctions was shown to be an
important predictor of death in bitches with sepsis and with a high association with it. It was
concluded that the NLR and the PLR do not represent useful tools for the diagnosis of sepsis and
prediction of death in bitches with pyometra.

The main characteristic of diabetes mellitus is chronic hyperglycemia triggered in domestic mammals due to an absolute or relative absence of insulin. In birds, the changes that cause the disease to appear are not fully understood, but it is believed that in granivorous birds due to their pancreatic particularities, the hyperglycemic state is a consequence of an excess of glucagon. Serum fructosamine is commonly used as an identification parameter of chronic hyperglycemia in dogs and cats to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus, however its use in the avian clinic is limited by the absence of reference values. In this study, 30 healthy specimens of the true parrot will be used for serial measurements of fructosamine with objective of determining the reference value of the species and thus contributing to the detection of persistent hyperglycemia and collaborating in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in these birds.

Imbalanced nutrition is one of the risk factors for obesity and metabolic syndrome. Overweight pregnant women, resulting from inadequate eating habits, can trigger metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in their offspring. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that maternal consumption of a high-fat diet, before and during pregnancy and lactation, promoted greater body mass, adiposity, hyperleptinemy, left ventricular hypertrophy and changes in the gene expression of hypertrophy and heart failure (HF) markers in offspring at weaning. In addition to systolic dysfunction at 30 days of age. Cardiac changes was observed with an increase in the protein content of the AT1 receptor for angiotensin II (AngII) only in females from offspring at weaning. The renin angiotensin system (RAS) heart expression seems to promote pro- and hypertrophic process and sympathoexcitatory effect in HF. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal consumption of a high-fat diet promotes HF, and to correlate this phenotype with changes in the RAS and the local sympatho-adrenergic system in adult offspring. Wistar rats received a control diet (9% lipids) or high fat (29% lipids) for 8 weeks before mating, during pregnancy and lactation. At 21 days of age, offspring were weaned and separated into control or high fat offspring. Both offspring received only control diet from weaning to 180 days of age. The body weight offsprings gain was monitored from birth; and the food intake was analyzed from the prepubertal period to 180 days of age. The cardiac function of the offspring at 180 days of age was evaluated by echocardiography and by the isolated heart technique (Langendorff) after treatment with isoproterenol in increasing doses. The animals were euthanized by the guillotine method, and the heart and white adipose tissue (retroperitoneal, inguinal and Perigonadal) were weighed. The left ventricular posterior wall was used to evaluate the protein expression of RAS components (renin, angiotensinogen, ACE1) and of AT1 and AT2 receptors for AngII and β1-adrenergic, using the Western Blotting technique. Females and males of the DH offspring showed systolic dysfunction (reduction in ejection fraction and systolic output) at 180 days of age, with no changes in body weight or adiposity. The males of the high fat offspring in adulthood showed structural changes in the heart and greater cardiac responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. AT2 protein expression was higher in adult females of high fat offspring, and reduced in males. These results suggest that maternal consumption of a high fat diet promotes systolic dysfunction in females and males of adult offspring; however, males have a compensatory mechanism through the adrenergic system. Furthermore, we suggest that the change in AT2 receptor protein expression in females is a protective effect, while the reduction of this receptor in adult male offspring is involved with the cardiac remodeling process.

The correction of fractures in birds has several challenges, ranging from species size to affected bone. Fractures in pneumatic bones, such as the humerus, can cause large damage to the animal, as they have an important function in thermoregulation and in flight and, therefore, require accurate treatment. Also, for the mentioned bone, anatomical particularities, such as the helical shape and the low soft tissue coverage over the bone, may favor greater surgical complications. Methods of fixation on bird fractures are challenging and are constantly improving. A large diameter medullary canal and a thin, hard cortical canal increase the risk of iatrogenic fractures during the osteosynthesis procedure. To aid in the diagnosis, planning and treatment of challenging cases, new technologies have been used in veterinary medicine, allowing difficult resolution problems to be increasingly studied and solutions to be developed from computer programs and three-dimensional impressions, contributing, for example, to the customization of orthopedic implants to an animal or a specie. To complement the study and development of orthopedic implants, finite element technology can be applied. Through a computer program, the method assists in the improvement of the implants, predicting and verifying possible results that can be confirmed through universal testing. Finite elements allow mechanical test simulations to be performed repeatedly. In this way, it is possible to consider different situations and correct possible flaws in the implants before they are made, avoiding repetitive physical tests and preserving study material, such as animal cadavers. The present study aims to evaluate the polymeric plate for osteosynthesis, planned from a model previously developed for use in a hawk humerus (Rupornis magnirostris). The model consists of plate with perforations and grooves that allow its fixation by cerclage and hemi cerclage. The polymer implant was tested from computational trials using the finite elements method.  After validation, it was sent to be made in polycaprolactone (PCL) through heating and pressing in a split mold printed by additive manufacturing. In a cadaver application trial, the advantages of the PCL implant were observed, which allows adjustments in its dimension as well as perforations in various locations at the time of surgery, adapting to the individual characteristics of the patient and the type of fracture. It was concluded that the use of PCL for the preparation of the orthopedic implant is valid for the low cost of the polymer (in relation to the materials already used for the production of implants), for the ease of molding by heating (due to its low melting point) and increasing access to material and three-dimensional printers. The planning and customization of orthopedic implants suitable for the patient and the bone structure generated in this study a simple and easily replicable method of making polymeric plate, which can be a valuable resource in orthopedic surgery of birds.

The present study was divided into two chapters, the first of which aimed to correlate different
progesterone (P4) supplementation strategies in Nellore females with temperament and cortisol
concentration. Additionally, the effect of these strategies and animal temperament on
conception rate was evaluated. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different
strategies to increase the concentration of circulating P4 in Nelores females on the functionality
of the corpus luteum (CL), conception rate and on pregnancy loss. For the two experiments,
939 cows were submitted to ovulation synchronization and inseminated at a fixed time (FTAI).
After the FTAI, the animals were divided into three groups: P4LA (n=70) 150mg of long-acting
injectable progestagen, 7 days after the FTAI; GnRH (n=68), 10μg buserelin acetate, 7 days
after FTAI; Control Group (n=74) without hormone application. B-mode ultrasound
assessments (preovulatory follicle - PFO) were performed on the day of AI and color Doppler
(CL) assessments were performed on the day of insemination, 7 and 16 days later. Blood
samples were collected on the day of the FTAI as well as on the 7th and 16th days after, for
cortisol and P4 measurements, respectively. In the first chapter, at the time of insemination, the
animals were scored according to the behavior presented, through this evaluation they were
classified as excitable (EXC) or suitable (ADQ) animals. Animals classified as excitable had
higher concentrations of cortisol and lower volumes of OPF and CL, seven days after FTAI.
No significant difference was observed between the variables intensity and number of CL pixels
in addition to P4 concentrations, seven days after insemination. Among EXC animals, the
GnRH and P4LA groups showed higher concentrations of P4. There was a trend towards lower
P4 concentration in EXC animals when compared with ADQ in the control group (p=0.06).
Control group animals classified as EXC had lower vascular perfusion compared to ADQ
(p=0.04). Among ADQ animals, the GnRH and P4LA groups showed lower vascular perfusion
compared to the control (p=0.04). Among the EXC animals, a higher conception rate was
observed for the GnRH and P4LA groups compared to the control (p=0.01). In the control
group, the conception rate of ADQ animals was higher compared to EXC animals (p=0.05). In
experiment 2, no significant difference was observed between treatments in the variables
volume, intensity and number of CL pixels, as well as in relation to P4 concentration, 7 days
after ovulation. CL vascular perfusion 16 days after ovulation was lower in the P4LA and GnRH
groups (P<0.01). Plasma concentrations of P4, 16 days after ovulation, were higher in the P4LA
and GnRH groups compared to the control group (P=0.04). There was a significant difference
in the conception rate (P=0.003) and a trend in pregnancy loss (P=0.07) as a function of the
treatments. It is concluded that the use of GnRH or P4 seven days after ovulation affects the
vascularization of the CL, increases plasma concentrations of P4 sixteen days after ovulation
and improves conception rates in excitable animals, being a viable alternative in order to
minimize the negative impact of stress and improve reproductive indices.

The aim of the present work is report the first presence of the flagellated protozoan
Pentatrichomonas hominis naturally parasitizing the reproductive tract of bovine species in
Brazil. Therefore, the tesis was divided into three chapes, the first captar referis to the report of
P. hominis in preputial wash of Nelore bulls, for the diagnosis samples of vaginal mucus and
preputial washes were collected in Lactopep medium and later cultivated in vitro in half Hanks,
being peaked every 72hrs. The culture samples that showed suspicion of the presence of mobile
organisms were submitted to molecular analysis using the polymerase chain reaction technique
and, for final confirmation of the diagnosis, another technique known as polymorphism in the
length of the restriction fragment and sequencing was used. The second chapter compares two
techniques for collecting vaginal mucus, one commonly used and recommended by most
current guides for collecting biological material and the other using the cytological brush,
widely used in human medicine and in equine cytology, for example, in this chapter, through
qualitative evaluations and cell culture, we can conclude that the use of the cytological brush
brings the benefit of being able to collect a greater amount of biological material, which can
facilitate and increase the chances of diagnosing parabasalids. The last chapter of the thesis is
an evaluation of the health profile of the farm and its influence on reproductive rates, for this,
a sampling was carried out on the farm animals and material was collected for serological
monitoring of diseases related to reproduction and still, these data were associated with
reproductive indices during two breeding seasons.

Diarrhea, defined as increased defecation rate, fluidity or volume of fecal contents is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between immunity, environment, nutrition and a wide variety and association of pathogens. Many causes are enumerated and the disease varies in severity according to the causal agent and the organism responsiveness. It stands out as one of the main causes of death in the first four weeks of life of calves that often present negative energy balance and develop dehydration, acidosis, endotoxemia and electrolyte disturbances. In this context, the objective of the present study is the directed treatment to the correction of these factors, through the rehydration of diarrheic calves, independent of the agent and action mechanism. Every day, calves up to 15 days old coming from the dairy cattle of Embrapa Gado de Leite, located in Coronel Pacheco, MG state, will pass through a complete inspection (assessment of body condition and general state; observation of behavior, appetite and feces) followed by check of its a vital parameters (temperature, respiratory and cardiac frequencies, capillary filling time, and skin turgor). Animals with alteration in these parameters will be evaluated in detail, and complementary tests will be performed when necessary. Calves presenting diarrhea will be identified, separated and kept under observation. Animals that present feces of fluid consistency (score 3) and without blood or abnormal elements, without fever and with dehydration estimated between 8 and 10% will be randomly inserted into two treatment groups, one receiving oral electrolyte replacement therapy and the other with parenteral replacement, each group having at least six animals. Lactated ringer will be used for intravenous administration, and for oral administration a formulated solution to maintain a similar ion concentration to that found in the lactated ringer. The volume to be administered should include the amount of lost fluids (estimated percentage of dehydration multiplied by the weight of the animal in kilos). The replacement volume will be intravenously administered to G1 (parenteral) and, for G2 (enteral), through a continuous flow oroesophageal probe. The maintenance volume for both groups will be provided orally, by buckets, being in this case the voluntary intake calculated in two-hour intervals. Both administration protocols will be carried out for a 24-hour period, where the milk supply will be suspended and will be restored shortly after. Blood samples will be collected by jugular venipuncture at the time of separation, immediately after the diarrhea identification and 2, 4, 12, 24 and 48 hours after the treatment start, carrying out varied analysis (complete blood count, serum biochemistry, vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide and angiotensin I, besides measuring sodium, potassium and chloride contents in blood). Urine samples will also be collected for urinalysis and inulin testing.

Dogs and cats can host a wide range of parasites, which can affect both the health and well-being of these animals and that of humans. Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas foetus are flagellated protozoa, and in recent years have been identified as an agent of chronic diarrhea in cats, due to parasitism of the colon mucosa. The animal can remain a carrier for many years, with no clinical sign. Prevention is based on improving the environmental conditions of your habitat. This study aimed to investigate the existence of parabasalids in cat feces, located in the municipality of Guapimirim, State of Rio de Janeiro. For this purpose, cats from all over the city were used, without delimiting neighborhoods or districts, regardless of sex and age. To sensitize the owners and help to control endemic diseases in the city, a veterinarian in charge of the veterinary clinic Ilka Silveira, designed a castration campaign, involving cats, kept in shelters, domiciled and stray. On the day of castration, feces were collected from the rectal ampoule or by rectal lavage, from 200 felines. All animals were registered on a form with information about age, race, place of origin and whether symptoms occurred. The feces were transported in natura, at room temperature to perform the research of parabasalids. This material arrived at the laboratory in a maximum of six hours. From the cats collected, a sample of 30 cats was submitted to the OPG exam, having been collected in a separate pot and these feces cooled. In the laboratory, such samples were added with 0.89% saline solution for homogenization and subjected to optical microscopy examination, with 10x and 40x magnification. With the visualization or not of the parabasalids, the samples were added to the Hank culture medium, incubated at 35º ± 2ºC with growth evaluation every 24 hours, by direct examination under optical microscopy. Subsequently, the stool culture was centrifuged, and the precipitate was frozen and kept in the freezer for PCR examination. The DNA was extracted from the samples in culture and the rRNA genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using universal primers (TFR1 and 2) and two other species specific to T. foetus (TFR3 and 4). As a result of this study, parabasalids were not identified in the samples collected, either by direct stool examination or by PCR. As for stool sampling for parasitological examination, Ancylostoma spp. and Dipylidium sp. As a result, we identified that crossbred cats, sheltered or not, have more resistance to this parasitosis.

Canine heartworm disease is one of the main cardiorespeiratory parasitic illnesses. It´s main etiological agent is Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856), that has association with the endosymbiont Wolbachia sp. Many infected dogs are asymptomatic and many times the infection is included in the differential due to a detailed clinical examination or to an microfilariae incidental finding during laboratory work. The clinical signs shown by the symptomatic animals are unspecific, making it difficult for the attending veterinarian to include it in the differential diagnostic work. Therefore, the aim of this work was to analyze the clinical aspects of the older than 12 months dogs presented to the SCDR of the HVPA of the UFRRJ with cardio respiratory illnesses. After the owners formal consent, 26 dogs were submitted to clinical examination (history, anamnesis and physical examination), to laboratory work (complete blood count, microfilariae detection test and antigen test), to chest x-rays and ecodopplercardiogram. Most dogs included in the study, infected (11/26) or not (15/26), presented cough (65.4%) and abnormal lung sounds (81%). Murmur at the tricuspid focus was present in seven dogs (26.9%), four of them were infected (57.1%) and three free of infection (42.9%). The echodopplercardiogram showed tricuspid insufficiency in eight dogs (30.8%), three of them infected (37.5%) and pulmonary insufficiency in 12 (46.1%), six of them were infected (50%). The x-rays showed that most dogs presented altered pulmonary patterns (88.5%). Bronchial pattern was present in 45.5% of the infected dogs and in 46.7% of the free of infection. The interstitial pattern was present in 18.2% of the infected and in 6.7% of the uninfected. None of the examined dogs presented a set of signs that could denote pulmonary hypertension although high pulmonary pressure was indicated by scarce parameters. Worms were visualized by echodopplercardiogram in 45.5% of the infected dogs. The blood work showed that the infected dogs presented smaller red blood cells with lesser hemoglobin concentration when compared to the naïve dogs, although they were not anemic. The performed evaluations showed that all included dogs did not present severe disease, were they infected or not. Since heartworm disease is a cardio respiratory disease undifferentiated from generally caused cardio respiratory illnesses, it was mandatory to perform parasitological assays, were they microfilariae or specific antigen tests or even the worm detection by echodopplercardiogram, despite its low sensitivity. It could be concluded that the owners most claimed complaint was cough, that could be confirmed by the attending veterinarians during physical examination. Most dogs presented tricuspid murmur, altered pulmonary sounds, tricuspid and pulmonary valves insufficiency and bronchial or interstitial patterns of the pulmonary parenchyma.

Embryo transfer (ET) has become the most widespread biotechnology in equine reproduction, being used on a large scale by stud farms and breeding centers to obtain more products per year. The synchronization of the estrous cycle between the recipient and the donor is a critical point within the technique, making it necessary to have at least three recipient mares for each donor, so that at least one is able to receive the embryo on the day of transfer. The combination of estrogens and progestogens is used in acyclic embryo recipient mares, in transition or when there is little availability of recipient mares, making a close synchrony between donor and recipient necessary. The aim of this study was to compare three hormonal protocols, using 17β estradiol and altrenogest, and to evaluate pregnancy rates in cyclic recipient mares. Twenty-four cycles of Mangalarga Marchador mares were analyzed, divided into three groups containing eight cycles in each. In which, all mares received 15 mg of PGF2α on the first day of treatment, G1 include 17 beta estradiol on day 1 (20mg), day 2 (10mg) and 300 mg of altenogest on day 3, G2 1 (1omg), day 2 (10mg), day 3 (20mg), day 4 (10mg) and 300 mg Altrenogest on day 5, G3 Introduction 17 beta estradiol day 1 (10mg), day 2 (20mg) and 300 mg Altrenogest on day 3. Four days after treatment with Altrenogest, as recipients were able to receive the embryo, 1500mg / animal of long-acting progesterone was administered on the day the ET was performed. After seven days of ET, a diagnosis of pregnancy and a new application of progesterone in pregnant mares was carried out, which was carried out weekly until the 120 days of pregnancy. All groups registered as estrogen applications, with a high degree of edema being achieved in all pregnant mares. A higher degree of uterine edema (p <0.05) was observed in mares diagnosed with negative pregnancy, on day 3 of treatment in G1 and G3 and on day 4 in G2. There was no statistical difference in pregnancy rates in the three groups studied. Thus, the three protocols are able to be used in the practical routine of the equine breeding veterinarian.

Key words: estrogen, progesterone, receptor, mares.

Horses are used in several sports, show jumping being one of the most prominent, technical and athletic performance as a productive result. Conditions that lead these animals to decline their performance are directly related to economic loss. Horses are often affected by back pain, which is a major cause of poor athletic performance. Several therapeutic options are available for the treatment of animals suffering from back pain. Stretching has an analgesic effect and in the long run,  it can strengthen and hypertrophy the adjacent muscle tissue. Some technological devices are also used, such as a therapeutic bandage, which aims to prolong the stretching time while it is applied to the animal. The objective of the work was to evaluate two therapeutic protocols in animals with acute back pain, namely, stretching and stretching with functional therapeutic bandage. For this evaluation, a screening was carried out after the jumping competitions. Fifteen animals were used in training at the Riding Section of the Military Academy of Agulhas Negras. This evaluation consists of a complete clinical examination and pain evaluation, in which the presence of antalgic posture, muscular atrophy, morphological deviations, skin lesions caused by the saddle, palpation of areas sensitive to digital pressure, mobility tests, such as dorsoflexion, were evaluated. ventroflexion and lateroflexion, and evaluation during work, with abnormal lameness and behavior, punctuated in scores. According to the obtained results, the animals were divided into three groups: control, stretching, and stretching with functional therapeutic bandages. These groups were homogeneous with each other. The animals were reevaluated after seven days of therapeutic protocol and an analysis of the results was made between medical examinations performed before and after treatment. Stretching proved to be effective in the treatment of acute pain in jumping horses, as well as stretching with the application of functional therapeutic bandages. There was no statistical difference between the elongated animals with or without an applied bandage.

ABSTRACT

MENDES, Clara de Almeida. In vitro virulence factors of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity of dogs. 2021. 75p. Dissertation (Master Science in Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Clinical Sciences). Instituto de Veterinária, Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2021.

Periodontopathies are the most recurrent infectious diseases in dogs, being mainly described by the involvement of bacterial agents. Several studies have addressed the bacterial components of the dog's oral cavity. However, the same is not seen for yeasts, even though they are already described as part of the oral microbiota, which may promote primary disorders or establish secondary conditions. It is known that the animal’s general condition can have several consequences as a result of oral affections, such as feeding difficulties and the possibility of ascending infections, with possible systemic aggravation. Furthermore, the closer contact between dogs and humans makes the occurrence of bite wounds more frequent, which increases the importance of knowing the microorganisms present in the dog’s oral cavity to elucidate infections of this origin. Fungal infection manifestation depends on several factors, including immunosuppression conditions and microbiological imbalance with a consecutive decrease in the competitive activity of commensal microorganisms. The need to elucidate the pathogens involved in oral microbiota disorders in dogs is raising. To improve knowledge in this area, saliva samples were collected from different sites in the oral cavity of dogs, using toothbrushes previously deposited in tubes with sterile saline for further processing and isolation of microorganisms. This study sought to identify yeast components from the healthy and injured oral cavity of dogs and to evaluate in vitro virulence factors (protease, phospholipase, and DNAse) of these unicellular microorganisms. The study aimed to, in addition to contributing to animal welfare and public health, the identification of yeast components of the oral cavity of dogs, comparison of healthy and injured oral mycobiota, in vitro virulence evaluation of the isolates, and knowledge support in the therapeutic clinical treatment of affections of that origin. For this, the present work counted on samples of 54 dogs, 27 of them without lesions in the oral cavity, belonging to Group 1, and 27 with lesions in the oral cavity, belonging to Group 2. A total of 68 samples with yeasts were obtained, composed of 33 yeasts from Group 1 (48.53%) and 35 from Group 2 (51.47%). Those were identified as Malassezia pachydermatis (35.29%), Geotrichum spp. (16.18%), Candida glabrata (8.82%), 7.35% Candida albicans complex (7.35%), Rhodotorula spp. (7.35%), Candida lusitaniae (5.88%), Candida krusei (5.88%), 4.41% Candida tropicalis (4.41%), Candida famata (2.94%), black yeast (2.94%) and Trichosporon spp. (2.94%). Subsequently, 48 of these isolates were evaluated for virulence factors, being 87.5% (42/48) protease producers, 50% (24/48) of the strains with phospholipase enzymatic activity, and 72.92% (35/48) DNAse producers. There was no statistically significant difference in the production of protease, phospholipase, and DNAse between the groups of dogs without lesions and with lesions in the oral cavity.

This study aims to evaluate jumping horses in supplementary training on a inclined treadmill and in jumping competitions, with and without the use of a boleteiras of weight using the parameters of serum enzymes, heart rate, evaluation of thoracic limbs tendons and pelvis and equine kinematics in the jump. A completely randomized design will be used, the horses being divided into two groups, with and without supplementary training in inclined treadmill. In competitions, the two groups will be subdivided into groups of animals, whether or not they use weight boleteiras on the pelvic limbs. Before and after training, the animals will perform a jump test in order to delineate the individual training patterns of each animal. For evaluation of the kinematic analysis, the horses will be shoot the jump during the beginning and end of the training and in the jumping competitions, in an oxer obstacle and the analyzes will be carried out in Qualisys Video Analysis software. Blood collections will be performed by venipuncture of the jugular, in clot activator tubes and with sodium fluoride. Ultrasound evaluation will be performed by ultrasound, in a mediolateral (DML) and dorsal-palmar / plantar (DDP) on the left side. The analysis of the kinematics of the horses in the jump will be used to evaluate the animals in a three - dimensional plane both in the treadmill training and during the obstacle jump in the tests in order to verify biomechanical analyzes that will allow to evaluate the technique of jumping of the animals. The combination of the analyzed variables will make it possible to diagnose and interpret injuries, to trace the performance in the jump and mainly deleterious effects related to the health and sports career of these animals. At the end of each competition, the rider will respond to a questionnaire to interpret the development of the animal on the track. Complementary training on the inclined treadmill is expected to improve physical conditioning, aiding in sports performance, without deleterious effects on animal health.

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that causes high morbidity and mortality in humans and nonhuman primates, especially in captivity. In Brazil, a highlight of this disease in humans has been increasing slowly in recent years. Tuberculosis has a cosmopolitan distribution and is caused by microorganisms belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. The main etiologic agent of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although M. bovis, M. africanum and M. microtii are also reported. Due to a high genetic similarity to humans, nonhuman primates accurately model all aspects of tuberculosis and are considered a gold standard biomodel in experimental modifications by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Old World Primates are the most susceptible than New World Primates, and clinical signs appear according to the location and severity of the infection. The pathogenesis of tuberculosis is highly complex and dynamic, and the morphological findings in nonhuman primates are heterogeneous, and multiple macro and microscopic presentations can be observed. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates is carried out by bacterial culture and isolation, molecular tests, immunological assays, or immunohistochemistry. The treatment of tuberculosis in nonhuman primates is practical, but the natural occurrence in captivity has resulting consequences due to the death of animals and costs related to the diagnosis and control of the disease. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and molecular aspects of New and Old World Non-Human Primates diagnosed with tuberculosis, which came from captivity in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Agents of the order Haemosporida and Rickettsiales can affect different groups of animals, including birds, and cause relevant consequences to animal and/or human health. Birds play an important role in the transmission of etiological agents, mainly due to their migration, nesting and feeding habits. IBAMA's Triage Centers house a considerable number of birds of different species. These individuals come from the apprehension of trafficking, or illegal creation and arrive constantly weakened in these institutions, being prone to diseases and the spread of pathogens. These conditions can present themselves in a subclinical manner, impacting suspicion and diagnosis and increasing their transmissibility, as well as clinically, which will depend on the host's immune response. In the present study, 44 birds, 19 Gray Macaws (Ara ararauna) and 25 Gray Parrots (Amazona aestiva) sampled from the Wild Animal Screening Center of Rio de Janeiro (CETAS), located in the municipality of Seropédica, were examined. Diagnostic methods (direct detection in blood smears, conventional PCR and phylogenetic analysis) were performed in order to verify the presence of agents of the Anaplasmataceae family (Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp.) and Order Haemosporida (Plasmodium spp., Haemoproteus spp.). Only the macaws (Ara ararauna) were positive for the agents surveyed. In the evaluation of blood smears stained by Giemsa, structures compatible with hemoparasites were found in 2 (4.54%) birds, suggestive of Plasmodium spp./Haemoproteus spp. In the conventional PCR based on the 16SrRNA gene for Anaplasmataceae and on the cytochrome b gene for hemoporids, 3 (6.81%) individuals were positive, being 1 (2.27%) bird positive for the 16SrRNA gene and 2 (4.54%) for the cytochrome b gene. Among the positive individuals, one sample referring to the cytochrome b gene, was sequenced and the analysis of alignments and production of the phylogenetic tree was performed, demonstrating positivity for Plasmodium, closely related to the nucleophilum lineage, not registered so far in the Ara ararauna species. As for the results of the blood counts, although the hematological alterations presented by these animals may not have been conclusive, one infected individual presented leukocytosis (n=1; 33.33%), while another developed anemia associated with leukopenia (n=1; 33.33%). The other parameters did not differ from the literature. Although the study has shown a low prevalence of infection by these pathogens, the results highlight that birds from CETAS/RJ are exposed to the agents and can be affected by the infection, highlighting the diagnostic importance before the relocation of these individuals, in order to prevent transmission of these pathogens and impacts on fauna.

Nephrolithiasis is a condition frequently seen in feline species, with or without concomitant chronic kidney disease, constituting the major cause of ureteral obstruction as well as progressive lesions to the renal parenchyma. Approximately 90% of nephrolites are composed of calcium oxalate, which cannot be dissolved, and their incidence has increased substantially in recent years, along with recurrence. There are functional foods known as nutraceuticals that provide health benefits. Due to these benefits and the high prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the feline species, the present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the association of some of these nutraceuticals in the dissolution of these nephrolites. In this study, 51 felines with nephrolithiasis were divided into two groups: control (12 animals) and study (39 animals), where the animals in the control group received a placebo and the study group the nutraceutical formulation. Laboratory tests (blood and urine) and imaging (ultrasound) were performed at intervals of 30 days. To analyze the effectiveness of the treatment between the groups, the prevalence of nephrolytes in the right and left kidneys and the prevalence of nephrolytes between the age groups, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. To test the relationship between the decrease in nephrolites and serum concentrations of magnesium, creatinine and urea, Pearson's correlation tests were conducted and all analyzes were conducted in R (R for Windows 4.0.3) with the aid of the RStudio graphical interface (v1 .3.1093) and the use of FSA v0.8.31 packages; car v3.0-10; agricolae v1.3-3. Regarding the results obtained, the number of females (70.6%) was higher than that of males (29.4%). The age group between 11 and 15 years old had a higher prevalence (39.2%). Mixed breed cats outperformed other breeds (96%). In the assessment of the body condition score (ECC), 60.8% of the cats were within their ideal weight. Regarding intestinal health, only 4% had inflammatory bowel disease. The analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the diameter of the nephrolytes and the period of treatment, indicating a reduction in nephrolytes over time. It was not possible to identify statistical significance of the prevalence of nephrolites between age groups. Pearson's correlation analysis between the variation in the diameter of the nephrolites and the variations in the serum concentrations of magnesium, creatinine and urea did not show any significant differences and although, no significant difference was detected between the diameters of the nephrolites and their presence in the right and left. The nutraceutical compound was shown to be efficient in the dissolution of nephrolites in felines and that time of use did not show a negative influence on the clinic and / or laboratory exams during the entire treatment period.

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVTC) is one of the most common neoplasia in dogs in developing countries, affecting mainly animals with free access to the street, since it is predominantly transmitted through coitus. The treatment consists in the use of intravenous vincristine sulfate, with weekly intervals, which often makes it difficult to continue and currently makes it impossible in most Veterinary Medical establishments that are not equipped according to the current legislation for the treatment. practice of antineoplastic therapy services. Another important regarding point is the frequent reports of tumor resistance in view of the chemotherapy protocol of choice, which shows the need to search effective alternatives for the treatment of TVTC. Lomustine is a chemotherapeutic agent of alkylating class that is orally administered, with a 21 days interval application, which would facilitate owners adherence to treatment of animals affected by TVTC. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of lomustine as an alternative in the treatment of TVTC. For this, twelve animals with cytopathological diagnosis of TVTC in the genital region and or with inguinal lymph nodes metastasis were selected, regardless of sex or age. The animals were treated with lomustine at doses ranging from 75 to 90 mg / m² orally, every 21 days, using as criteria for clinical cure the total remission of the neoplasia and negative cytopathological examination for the presence of neoplastic cells in the tumor area. Of the twelve animals submitted to the chemotherapy treatment protocol, seven achieved clinical and cytopathological cure of the lesions, one showed partial remission of the lesions, and four showed an unsatisfactory response to treatment.

The use of biotechniques as a reproductive management tool has evolved significantly in recent decades, increasing reproductive efficiency in dairy cattle. Among the biotechniques, Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI), Embryo Transfer (ET) and in vitro Fertilization (IVF) the most evolved and currently used in reproductive programs for dairy herds. Despite their capacity, it is necessary to understand the factors related to their success for their application, thus the development of studies that assess the superovulatory response, pregnancy rates and pregnancy losses can contribute to increased effectiveness. The strict sanitary control of the herds becomes essential so that the respective programs can provide the expected gains in reproductive efficiency. In this way, two experiments were developed. The first experiment aimed to detect, through the PCR technique, the DNA of Neospora caninum in embryos from seropositive cows in superovulation protocols for embryo transfer. Among recipients of embryos from seropositive and seronegative donors, no differences were found in the pregnancy rate (60 and 57.1%, P=0.57), gestational loss (50% and 43.8%, P=0.79) and number of embryos produced after superovulation (40 and 51, P=0.64). There was also no change in the serological status of the recipients, regardless of the status of the donor, as well as the protozoan DNA in embryos and PBS samples from the uterine lavage performed for embryo flushing were not identified. Thus, it can be demonstrated that the TE technique is safe and can be used in neosporosis control programs, noting that despite the similarity in the number of embryos, there was a significant difference in the number of freezeable (25% and 74%, P <0.0001) and transferable (27.5% and 78.4%, P<0.0001) structures. The second study evaluated the effect of increasing circulating progesterone (P4) by inducing accessory corpus luteum (CL) formation in recipients of cloned (SCNT) and in vitro produced (IVF) embryos. As expected, treatment with hCG caused ovulation and increased circulating P4, although hCG tended to increase pregnancies by ET (P/ET) for SCNT embryo recipients on days 28 (P = 0.07) and 42 (P = 0.09). Pregnancy rates were similar for IVF and SCNT embryos on days 28 and 33, however, P/ET was higher for IVF than SCNT on day 42 and later, due to higher (P = 0.05) pregnancy losses in SCNT (44.4%) than IVF embryos (15.0%) from days 33-42. Thus, increasing circulating P4 may improve fertility in recipients of SCNT embryos, as evidenced by the tendency of treatment with hCG to increase P/ET of SCNT embryos. Although additional research is needed, it can be concluded that ET is a viable technique for the genetic improvement of the herd, which can also be used to control diseases such as bovine neosporosis.

Summary

Periodontitis is an infectious and purulent process associated with the presence of a complex microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, which results in resorption of the alveolus, membranous degeneration, tooth migration, formation of peridentary pockets, and subsequent tooth loss. This disease is directly associated with soil management and diet, with variations in its clinical presentation, ranging from aggressive to chronic manifestations. The economic losses are enormous due to the difficulty in feeding the affected animals and consequent decrease in productivity. The present study aimed to histologically characterize the periodontitis lesions in ruminants. Tissues from the periodontal pocket and gingival sulcus of 9 sheep were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin, Gram and Warthin-Starry (silver impregnation) stains. Alterations such as degeneration and acanthosis of the epithelium, formation of granulation tissue, disorganization of collagen fibers due to the presence of edema in the submucosa, dilation of endothelial cells, predominantly histocytic lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate and bacteria present mainly in the submucosa (perivascular region). In the alveolar bone resorption and apposition of the bone matrix was observed. It is concluded that periodontitis in sheep is caused by the action of plaque-forming bacteria that advance to the surface between the tooth root and periodontal tissues.

Wound healing is the combination of physical, chemical, and cellular events that begins after tissue trauma, and is comprised of a continuous chain of phases (inflammation, repair, and maturation) that overlap to restore tissue continuity. Due to its angiogenic properties, as well as the vascular richness and presence of growth factors, the omentum has been widely studied and used to aid healing, especially in the form of a pediculated graft. No studies on the use of free omental grafts have been found. vascular microanastomosis to aid in skin healing. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of free omental graft without vascular microanastomosis on skin healing of wounds experimentally produced in rabbits. Thirty rabbits from the Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory in Veterinary Parasitology of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro were divided into two groups (Treated and Control) that underwent omental fragment removal. After celiorraphy was produced in all animals a 3cm linear wound in the thoracic dorsal midline. In the Control Group animals, the incision was deepened to the thoracodorsal fascia, while in the Treated Group animals, a subcutaneous cell tissue fragment was excised equivalent to the area of the removed omental fragment, which was implanted in the SC defect using four simple interrupted points. with 4-0 polyamide thread at its extremities, followed by skin splitting with single points interrupted in both groups. The wounds received macroscopic evaluations daily until biopsy for microscopic evaluation. Thermographic images of the wound region were taken on days 3, 5, 7, 14 and 30 postoperatively. Each group was divided into two subgroups, two with 6 animals each, for histopathological evaluation on the 7th and 14th days, and one group with 4 animals for histopathological evaluation on the 30th day. Clinical and macroscopic evaluations were performed daily until the date of euthanasia in the different subgroups (for collection of histopathological material).

The cornea is the outermost portion of the ocular bulb and, due to its anatomical location, is often subject to harmful processes. Ulcerative keratitis is one of the most common causes of eye disease and can lead to vision loss if you do not receive the correct treatment. Atropine is the eye drops used to induce mydriasis and cycloplegia, avoiding the formation of synechiae. After instillation, it is absorbed into the systemic circulation and can promote important systemic side effects. Continuous electrocardiography allows the evaluation of heart rate variability, indicating the autonomic modulation of the heart. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the influence of treatment with atropine 1% eye drops on the heart rate variability of dogs with ulcerative keratitis. However, it is expected that dogs with ulcerated keratitis treated with 1% atropine present an increase in heart rate, with consequent decrease in their variability, due to parasympathetic blockade. Therefore, the study of the heart rate variability before and after treatment with a cholinergic antagonist may bring us the knowledge of the sympathetic stimulation and its clinical consequences, and the possibility of improving the autonomic balancing after termination of the treatment, increasing the quality and life expectancy of these patients patients. For the study, 30 healthy dogs diagnosed with ulcerative keratitis will be included. Will be evaluated the heart rate variability before instillation of atropine 1% eye drops (T0), with five days of treatment (T1) and fifteen days after treatment (T2).

This study aims to evaluate the time of diet supply and / or type of diet (complete extruded diet or pelleted concentrate) provided pre-tests may directly influence blood glucose and insulin levels during physical exercise testing and performance of the horse athlete. The research will be conducted at the Equine Performance Evaluation Laboratory (LADEq / UFRRJ), located at the Army Riding School (EsEqEx) and at the EQUILAB Equine Health Research Laboratory located at the Veterinary Institute of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro of January. The experimental design will be completely randomized, in a factorial scheme with three treatments (pre-test diet schedule), two groups (diets), twelve repetitions (equines), evaluated in two incremental tests of speed. The two diets used will be: complete extruded diet (Nutratta Forrage Horse) and control diet (pelleted concentrate and coast-cross hay). Diets (complete extruded diet and pelleted concentrate) will be provided 2.5 h, 5 h, and 7.5 h prior to physical exercise testing. Twenty-four male or female equines, weighing an average of 500 kg, ranging in age from 8 to 14 years old, from the Brazilian Equestrian Race of the Army Riding School of the state of Rio de Janeiro, will compete in the modality of CCE in physical activity daily training. The animals will be submitted to clinical examination (physical examination and laboratory tests) and, being healthy, will be selected for the experiment. Equines will use cardiac frequencies (Polar Equine) to monitor heart rate. Equines will be adapted to exercise on a Galloper (Sahinco ®) high - speed treadmill and subjected to the tests. The test protocol will have a standardized 10 minute warm-up phase, 4 minutes at a rate of 1.7 m / s and 6 minutes at a 4.0 m / s speed. The speed increase phase will be performed with the treadmill at 3% incline to simulate the presence of the rider and will be composed of 1 minute at each incremental speed of gallop, at speeds of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10m / s. After the tests, the deceleration of the gallops will be standardized by resuming the trot at a speed of 4.0 m / s for 3 minutes and, at a speed of 1.7 m / s for 2 minutes, followed by 25 minutes for the guide corresponding to the active cooling. Blood samples will be collected prior to diet delivery (Zero time); prior to the commencement of physical exertion tests; immediately upon completion of the tests; at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after the tests. Before performing the exercise, the animals will be aseptically prepared for venocatterization using the left jugular vein as the collection point, at which point an extensor tube will be attached to the intravenous catheter to facilitate harvesting with the animal in motion. Blood samples for the analysis of lactate and glucose will be obtained in vacuum tubes with sodium fluoride while the blood samples will be collected in vacuum tubes without anticoagulant. In the blood samples the following analyzes will be carried out: Hemogram: which will be performed with the aid of an ABC-VET automatic counter. The specific leucometry and erythrocyte morphology analysis will be carried out under an optical microscope (100X), after staining of the smears by the Panótico Rápido. The analysis of fibrinogen and plasma protein will be in refractometer. Biochemical variables: will be used as exercise stress markers and the analyzes will be performed in a spectrophotometer (BTS 310): AST; CK; LDH. Hemogasometry: will be used in I-STAT (Roche ®) and EG7 + cartridges. The blood samples will be collected simultaneously to blood samples for blood counts and biochemical analyzes before and after the end of the stress test, later analyzed for the following variables: hydrogen-ionic potential (pH), carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), oxygen pressure (pO2), bicarbonate concentration (HCO3) and plasma electrolytes. Lactate dosing: will be performed after separation and processing of the blood in 1.0 Ml Eppendorf tubes, using enzymatic methodology, with the aid of commercial reagent kit for lactate (Lactate K084-2, Bioclin) and using as described above spectrophotometer model BTS 310 (Byosistem®). Plasma insulin dosage will be made in duplicate by serum insulin reactivity previously determined by Radioimmunoassay (Coat-A-Count Insulin, Diagnostic Products, Los Angeles, CA). The results will be submitted to the Lilliefors test to verify normality, and the Cochran and Bartlett test to verify homogeneity of variance. The results of the variables will be submitted to analysis of variance and analyzed in a sub-divided plot scheme, the treatments (time of diet supply) being evaluated in the plots, the diets will be evaluated in the subplot and the physical effort tests in the sub -sub-plots. The averages will be compared by the Tukey test, at a 5% level of significance.

Pyoderma is defined by bacterial skin infection, whose main clinical signs are the presence of pustules, papules, scabs, epidermal vests and erythema. The main bacteria involved in pyoderma processes is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The diagnosis is based on cytological examination, but only bacterial culture followed by antibiogram allows the most appropriate therapeutic choice for treatment. Canine pyoderma occurs secondarily to another disease most of the time, with canine atopic dermatitis being the most associated underlying disease. Empirical use of antibiotics is a recurrent practice in the clinical routine in the treatment of atopic dogs with signs of pyoderma. This indiscriminate use of antibiotics has been related to the emergence of resistant and multiresistant bacteria, a problem that, besides being a challenge for the treatment of pyoderma, can become a public health problem, since the transmission of bacteria between canine and the human species has already been reported. The objective of this work will be to survey strains of resistant and multiresistant bacteria isolated in dogs with canine atopic dermatitis treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro through antimicrobial susceptibility testing and identification of mec-A gene, responsible for conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Fifty atopic dogs will be selected, meeting at least 5 of the 8 Favrot criteria and presenting clinical signs of pyoderma. Material will preferably be collected from pustules or epidermal vests with the aid of sterile swab. The material will be immediately taken to the Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory (LabacVet) for isolation of bacterial strains. The identification of bacterial species will be performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. For antibiogram the strains of Staphylococcus spp. will be submitted to disk diffusion screening tests by sowing the isolates. Genotypic detection of methicillin resistance will be performed for both susceptible and beta-lactam resistant Staphylococcus strains by PCR for detection of mec-A gene. It is expected to report the occurrence of methicillin resistant bacteria, as well as the occurrence of multiresistant bacteria in atopic dogs treated at UFRRJ.

Berne injuries are very uncomfortable and painful for dogs, may cause secondary bacterial infections and redispose to other myiases. a Effective treatment should eliminate or kill existing larvae and promote healing. wound as early as possible. The aim of this study will be to evaluate the efficacy sarolaner treatment for the treatment Dermatobia hominis in dogs naturally infested. Ten dogs will be used, regardless of breed, with ages ranging from one and ten years old, of both sexes, weighing between 10 and 20 kg, with at least three larvae, regardless of the site of injury. The animals will be treated with sarolaner in the dose of 2 mg / kg administered orally as a single dose following the recommendations in package leaflet for the treatment of other ectoparasitoses. After treatment, the animals shall be kept in their habitat and observations shall be made to verify the activity of elimination and benevolence of the drug 24 and 48 hours after administration of the medication. As criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of sarolaner, overall efficacy will be calculated by the following formula: [(number of dead larvae expelled + number of larvae live animals + number of dead larvae removed / total number of larvae)] × 100. The larvicidal effect will be calculated for each canine by the formula [(number of dead larvae expelled + number of dead larvae removed / total number of larvae)] × 100. With the In order to evaluate the preventive effect, after 30 days the animals will be check for new larvae. It is expected to prove the efficacy of sarolaner in treatment of bernes in naturally infested dogs, as well as its preventive effect in areas of high occurrence of the disease

The Bovine Genital Trichomoniasis (BGT) is an infectious disease triggered by a protozoan called Tritrichomonas foetus, which is transmitted by venereal route and also by contaminated fomites. The disease is economically relevant, since its main consequence is abortion, besides producing temporary infertility. In males the disease is asymptomatic and permanent, characterizing the bulls as silent nurses and emphasizing the direction of diagnosis in this category of animals. The identification and detection of the protozoan by microbiological culture are considered as "gold standard" among diagnostic techniques in Brazilian artificial insemination centers. However, the possibility of a false negative is a reality and is needed more sensitive and specific techniques of diagnose, since the Artificial Insemination (AI) is the current way to prevent BGT. T. foetus has already been found in semen samples and is also able to remain viable when frozen, raising AI to a risk factor when sanitary measures are not applied or the diagnostic method is insufficient Thus, this study is aimed to detect the presence of T. foetus in samples of cryopreserved bovine semen, through culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The semen straws will be purchased from artificial insemination centers. A total of 27 samples were analyzed. Once in the laboratory, they were thawed in water at 37ºC, part was inoculated in a test tube containing Diamond medium, incubated at 35ºC with consequent growth evaluation and evaluated every 24 hours via direct microscope examination and the other part diluted in PBS for subsequent molecular analysis. After 10 days of cultivation, all samples were negative. For molecular detection, the Quick-DNA Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research) without proteinase K was used for DNA extraction. The primers used in PCR were: TRF1 and TRF2 (first set) and TRF3 and TRF4 (second set). The PCR result was negative for all samples, corroborating with that obtained in the culture. It was concluded that the samples used were really negative for the presence of T. foetus in both diagnostic methods, proving the innocuousness of the commercial semen tested

Currently, the main objective of research related to the treatment of pain and inflammatory, conditions related to a high degree of morbidity and mortality in the veterinary clinical routine, has been the development of new substances with greater efficiency, less toxicity and less economic cost than the drugs currently available, and the compounds extracted from medicinal plants, especially from aromatic plants, have aroused notable interest of researchers, regarding their chemical aspects and potential pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the action of the essential oil of Myrciaria tenella leaves (OETM) on acute pain and inflammation, in vivo models, in Swiss mice, and in cell culture in vitro, in addition to the evaluation of cytotoxicity, in order to deepen the knowledge about its properties, mechanisms and toxicity. For in vivo biological assays, the OEMT was administered orally to male Swiss mice, showing action against chemically induced nociception (models of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid and formalin) and against mechanically induced nociception (Von Frey model), where the reduction in the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β and PGE2, in addition to the increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 accounted for the increase in the nociceptive threshold shown by the OEMT in the Von Frey model. OEMT did not induce motor damage or sedation in animals, confirming its antinociceptive action. The anti-inflammatory effect of OEMT was verified by its anti-edematogenic effect in the model of paw edema induced by carrageenan, but not in histamine or serotonin-induced edema, and by the reduction in the production of IL-6, TNF-α and NO in macrophage culture, in addition to inhibiting the enzymatic activity of both isoforms of COX (COX-1 and COX-2), showing selectivity for COX-1. OEMT did not produce toxicity in macrophage and fibroblast culture. In summary, OETM demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and in vitro on different inflammatory mediators, accounting for its antinociceptive activity, in addition to demonstrating safety at the cellular level.

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and transmitted by hematophagous sandfly vectors of the genus Lutzomyia that infect a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including dogs and humans. Being considered a reemerging anthropozoonosis and a major public health problem, it represents a complex of diseases with important clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity. The importance of the canine reservoir derives from the close and frequent contact between dogs and humans, and the fact that animals may present asymptomatic infection despite a high degree of parasitism on healthy skin and viscera. The aim of the present study was to evaluate hematological, biochemical and clinical changes in dogs positive for Leishmania spp. by serological and molecular methods. Blood samples from 166 shelters dogs in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro were collected. Hematological and serum biochemical analysis of the animals, as well as the detection of antibodies anti-Leishmania spp. by double-path immunochromatographic rapid test TR DDP - (Fiocruz®) and Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (RIFI) were performed. In addition, serologically positive animals were molecularly evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that (18/166) 10,84% of the dogs presented seroreactivity by TR DDP, and these samples also underwent IFAT, in which 100% (18/18) of the animals were seroreagent. In PCR, based on the portion of the v7-v8 18S SSU rRNA gene, 16,66% (3/18) of shelter dogs were positive. No hematological, biochemical and clinical alterations were observed with the infection. The results show the importance of monitoring canine leishmaniasis, especially in shelter dogs so that control and prevention strategies can be implemented properly, minimizing the deleterious effects of this zoonosis.

Mineral deficiencies cause damage to Brazilian cattle breeding, and are well known and studied and reported throughout the national territory. Among the mineral deficiencies the most important is phosphorus (P), mainly for cattle kept under extensive regime. P deficiency occurs mainly because there are soils throughout the country with some degree of phosphorus limitation; soon there is lower concentration of the mineral in the forage, reflecting directly in the cattle. P deficiency can manifest subclinically, where the damage is slight or in clinical form with sudden decrease in production, frequent fractures, decreased resistance to disease, progressive weight loss, rough hair and osteophagy, which can lead to accidents (choking) or even death from ingestion of Clostridium botulinium toxin. This study was divided into two experimental seasons, covering 2017, 2018 and 2019, in a beef cattle farm in the city of Valença-RJ. The objective was to test two mineral mixtures (40gP/kg or 0gP/kg). Two experiments were performed; the first with nulliparous only and the second with multiparous, of all ages. All animals in both experiments were confirmed pregnancy. During the first experiment the two groups were divided (40gP/kg and 0gP/kg), the periodic nutritional clinical examination, needle test, bone biopsies, weighing, blood collection, feces, simulated grazing and monitoring of supplement consumption. During the second experimental phase, groups were divided and clinical and nutritional monitoring, zootechnical control, consumption and weighing of animals were performed. The cost of mixing with 40gP/kg was R$0.81 and the 0gP/kg was R$0.50, with expenditure on mineral supplementation equivalent to 1.8% (2017), 2.2% (2018) and 1.30% (2019) of the effective operating cost. Consumption of the 40gP/kg group was 38.8g/UA/day (experiment 1) and 32.7g/UA/day (experiment 2); The 0gP/kg group consumed 25.7g/UA/day (experiment 1) and 28.5g/UA/day (experiment 2). The higher consumption of the 40gP/kg mixture was due to the higher P content in the formula, which obviously reduces the NaCl concentration. Through bone samples were estimated bone mineral density, cortical thickness, specific bone density and histological analysis. Blood was also collected for P serum measurement. No matrix showed findings compatible with P deficiency. During the entire experimental period, faeces collection and simulated grazing were performed; The results show that the cattle of group 40gP / kg excreted higher amount P in the environment when compared to cattle that were supplemented with NaCl alone and the results of P concentrations in forage show the similarity of grazing where the breeders were housed, as well as variation of P concentration in forage during the months evaluated. It was concluded that no matrix presented P deficiency, regardless of the group and physiological phase. However, supplementation with NaCl alone was efficient to maintain cows of all categories, presenting lower costs. The farm, after the development of the study, opted to supplement the herd only with NaCl.

Mastectomy surgery is considered a painful and bloody procedure, being necessary and important an effective technique analgesia to decrease deep anesthetic planes.
We aimed to compare the analgesic effectiveness of the tumescence technique with the standardized technique of continuous infusion of fentanyl for mastectomy in cats. Twenty females cat with mammary tumors were selected without predilection for weight and age. In all animals were performed trichotomy at mammary chain area, cephalic and jugular veins. After 15 minutes cephalic vein were punctured and propofol induction (5 mg.kg^-1) was intravenous, then tracheal intubation and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups of 10 animals. The treatments were performed without knowledge of the anesthetist who conducted the anesthetic procedure. The tumescent group (TG) received 15mL.kg^-1 of tumescence lidocaine solution (0.32%) subcutaneous dose. Fentanil group (FG) received an initial bolus of 2.5 mcg/kg slow intravenous fentanyl citrate and then were maintained by infusion at a rate of 10 ml/kg/hours. The phisiological variables [heart rates (FC), respiratory rates (f), systolic arterial blood pressures (PAS), retal temperature, oximetry (SpO₂), capnography (EtCO₂)] and anesthetic gases expired were evaluated throughout the entire procedure. After the surgical procedure the animals had their pain scores assessed at one-hour intervals through a multidimensional scale to a maximum time of six hours. The anesthetic recovery were performed with methadone 0.3mg.kg^-1 (IM) associated to meloxican 0,15 mg.kg^-1 subcutaneous dose. We conclude that both anesthesia techniques were effective to promote satisfactory analgesia in the transoperative moments, however the tumescence technique showed postoperative but prolonged analgesia in cats undergoing mastectomy, without causing risk and interfering with surgical healing.

This work will happen in feline exclusive clinic of the Small Animal Hospital of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ in Portuguese). The goal will be to evaluate intralesional treatment with amphotericin B efficacy or subcutaneous administration associated with oral itraconazole in recurrent or resistant sporotrichosis  in domestic cats. It will be chosen 20 cats, with different races, both genders and with confirmation of the sporotrichosis infection by mycological culture. These animals will be divided in two groups and submitted to different protocols of treatment. Group one is going to be the cats with a single lesion and located in one spot, with or without nasal mucosa damage. The treatment will be intralesional injection of amphotericin B with a seven days pause between the procedures, and will be made at least five sections. Group two is going to be cats with single or multiple lesions, with or without nasal mucosa damage. The treatment will be with subcutaneous administration of amphotericin B, made weekly, during five weeks, associated with daily oral itraconazole. In both groups the animals has to be refractory with single itraconazole treatment with the dose of oral 100mg/cat every 24 hours, or reinfection after clinical dismiss. The groups will receive oral itraconazole for 30 days after the last amphotericin B administration. All of the animals will be weekly evaluated to see clinical evolution trough physical and laboratorial exams. Cats will be evaluated during and after treatment whit amphotericin B, with 12 hours fasted laboratorial exams: hemogram, urea, seric creatinine, ALT, albumin, EAS, urinary GGT and protein creatinine urinary relation. Before and after the treatment all the animals will be submitted to a serical dosage of simetric dimetilarginine. The treatment efficacy will be measure by the clinical resolution that has to be reached after 30 days of the last section of amphotericin B, when itraconazole will be suspended.

In the clinical routine of veterinary medicine, breast tumor is the most prevalent neoplasm among canine females, the incidence of malignancy is high, about half of all histopathological diagnoses. Studies regarding breast cancer in animals is of great importance, since it is an oncological disease that affects a large number of bitches in the clinical-surgical routine. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of a disease is essential if it is to be successful in its diagnosis, treatment and prevention; with this, several studies were conducted reporting the predisposing factors of the disease. Tumor size, age, race, presence of regional metastasis or long distance are one of several factors leveraged. Thus, it is known that bitches between 8 and 12 years of age, not castrated before their 2,5 years of age, who used contraceptives during their reproductive phase, who have psychological pregnancy, may be one or more of the factors that More predisposed to breast cancer. Early diagnosis and the choice of the most appropriate therapy to resolve the disease increase the rate of cure in humans and animals. The treatment indicated as most suitable for this pathology is the removal of the tumor surgically, as determined by research in the area. Through the surgical technique of mastectomy, the entire mammary chain is removed along with the tumors, preventing the occurrence of neoplasia in other breasts, since there is lymphatic and arteriovenous communication between them. The surgery will only be used as a treatment in cases where there is no occurrence of long-distance metastases such as liver, spleen and lungs. Abdominal ultrasonography and chest radiography are recurrent complementary examinations requested by veterinary surgeons in patients diagnosed with breast neoplasm to confirm or not the presence of metastasis in distant organs. However, thoracic radiography does not detect metastatic nodules smaller than six mm. In the current literature, there are few studies comparing directly tumor size with malignancy, anatomical position and histopathological findings. In this context, with the aim of contributing to the control and prognosis of canine mammary neoplasia since the sample is large, this study proposes the performance of a work lasting a year and a half with the female patients of the canine species.  From the clinical-surgical routine of the veterinary hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, diagnosed with tumors in the breast. Tumor staging of treated dogs will be determined. Thoracic ultrasonography will be performed and treatment will be instituted according to the protocol previously established by the obstetrics sector in order to determine the relationship between tumor size, malignancy, anatomical location and histopathological findings. The identification of pulmonary metastases six mm with the accomplishment of the thoracic ultrasonography, will aid in the more correct choice of the oncological treatment. In this way, the obstetric service can standardize a therapeutic approach to patients with breast cancer with advanced characteristics prioritizing according to the results found, besides emphasizing the importance of the complementary examination thoracic ultrasonography, which is not routine in patients with cancer diseases.

Filho, Mário dos Santosi. Study of heart rate variability through continuous electrocardiography (holter) in dogs with brachycephalic syndrome, before and after rhinoplasty. 2019. Dissertation (Master of Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Clinical Sciences). Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2019.

Brachycephalic breeds are increasingly present in homes. The crossing of these breeds in the intention to reach specific characters like shorter muzzles, allowed obstructive anatomical anatomical characteristics of the upper airways, which together form the brachycephalic dog syndrome. Some of the alterations found in these animals are the elongated soft palate and the stenosis of the nostrils. These dogs have a higher vasovagal tonus index than non-brachycephalic dogs. The obstructive upper airway process impairs inspiratory work by reducing the normal parasympathetic inhibition of this phase of the respiratory cycle. In addition, it is known that during periods of rest, the predominance of the vagal stimulus may result in large pauses between the heart beats, observed mainly during sleep, which may also be exacerbated in the brachycephalic races. This increase in the parasympathetic tone reflects an increase in heart rate variability (HRV). Continuous electrocardiography allows the evaluation of HRV (heart rate variation set over time), indicating the autonomic modulation of the heart. Therefore, the study of HRV in the brachycephalic races, before and after the surgical correction of nostril stenosis, may bring to light the knowledge of the excess of parasympathetic stimulation in relation to the occurrence of bradyarrhythmias and their clinical consequences, and the possibility of improving the autonomic balancing after treatment, increasing the quality and life expectancy of these patients.

In this study, an alternative ovarian resorption technique (OSH), referred to here as Inverted OSH, was evaluated. The existence of this technique was informed by Professor João Guilherme Padilha who observed its execution during the realization of his post-doctorate in Vienna (Austria). The modified version of the usual castration technique was often performed routinely by veterinarian Ingrid Kasper. In this technique, the surgery begins, after celiotomy, by hemostasis and transection of the body of the uterus and only a hemostatic forceps is positioned caudal to the ovaries at the time of hemostasis. Inverted OSH is believed to be a safer surgical technique compared to the traditional one by facilitating ovarian exposure and manipulation (traction), reducing visceral manipulation, shortening surgical time, and reducing painful stimulation. The objective of this study is to analyze aspects of the ovaries and osteotomy technique in the canine and feline species, such as visceral mobilization and manipulation, access to ovaries and ovarian pedicle, and surgical time compared to the technique initiated by ovarian vessel hemostasis. The project was executed with 48 animals, 24 bitches and 24 cats, coming from the Program of Control of Natality of Dogs and Cats of UFRRJ. In half of the patients of each species, OSH was inverted and the other OSH was used for comparison of visceral manipulation during the technique, evaluation of intraoperative pain, ovarian traction and ease of manipulation of the ovaries. for six hours.

This research was carried out at the Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) Swine Laboratory, in the Pinheiral / RJ mesoregion, for the monitoring of parabasalids, parasites found in swine matrices, causing dysentery and atrophic rhinitis, present despite increasing emphasis on technology and health management. The objective of this study was to diagnose the presence of parabasalíds, whose transmission occurs via fecal-oral. The proposed methodology was to evaluate the presence of this etiological agent in the swine. For this, feces were collected, kept at room temperature (± 30oC), which, when they arrived at the Laboratory of Reproductive Pathology of UFRRJ, were homogenized in buffered physiological solution (PBS) in the proportion (1:10) of 5.0 grams of feces for 50ml of PBS, stored in a bacteriological oven at ± 37 ° C for 24h, in order to identify the protozoan, morphologically, was observed under optical microscope with increase of 10 and 40 times. Positive samples were maintained in culture. The results of the fresh fecal examination were 48/70 positive samples for parabasalids, corresponding to 68.57% of swine breeding females, the main clinical picture reported was dysentery in 31/48 (64.58%) in sows , and no cases of atrophic rhinitis were reported. It was concluded that parabasalids play a relevant role in the dysentery

The genus Malassezia currently comprises 17 species of lipophilic and lipid-
dependent yeasts. Considered a normal part of the skin microbiota of warm-blooded
vertebrates, including humans, these may also become opportunistic agents in dermatitis
and otitis. Fungal otitis in dogs have been associated with M. pachydermatis, but lipid-
dependent species are also commonly found, indicating a possibility of frequent
misdiagnosis. In the veterinary clinical routine, microscopy of otological samples is
used as an auxiliary tool towards the implementation of an adequate drug therapy. The
aim of this work was the isolation of Malassezia spp. from otitis samples from dogs and
cats, their respective identification at the species level, observe the presence of
Malassezia in pure or co-infections, in vitro detection the main virulence factors
inherent to the genus pathogenicity being produced, and the establishment of a
correlation between the detected virulence factors being produced and the nature of the
infection. A total of 170 samples from the external ear canal of 94 dogs and 11 cats with
clinical otitis were sent to the Laboratory of Pathogenic and Environmental Yeasts,
where they were inoculated in Modified Dixon Agar and Sabouraud Dextrose 2% Agar
supplemented with chloramphenicol. Classical methods allowed for the phenotypic
identification, as recommended by Kurtzman et al. (2011) further corroborated through
proteomic analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and biochemical analysis by VITEK2 ® . For
virulence analysis, protease, phospholipase, lipase, esterase and hemolysin production
were tested. Of the 105 animals, 63% (66) individuals were positive for Malassezia sp.,
as one lipid dependent, and 37% (39) were negative for the genus. The positive and
negative predictive values of the direct exam were 75.58% and 67.19%, respectively.
The sensitivity of the isolation test was 75.58% and the specificity 67.19%. There was
no significant difference between yeast recovery in Sabouraud Dextrose 2% Agar and
Modified Dixon Agar. The identification by mass spectrophotometry had an 82%
accuracy in the identification of the isolates and remaining isolates did not reach the
identification score, whereas VITEK® misidentify all the samples. For the enzymatic
tests, 100% (96) of the samples were positive for the production of proteases and
lipases. Only one sample did not produce phospholipase nor esterase. 89% (86) samples
were hemolysin producers. It was possible to conclude that the use of Modified Dixon
Agar is important in the laboratory routine for microbiological diagnosis of canine and
feline otitis, extending the range of Malassezia species diagnosed. Direct examination
proved to be a good indicator of the presence of yeast, but not enlightening regarding its
involvement in the infection. In addition, these yeasts have high enzymatic activity in
vitro and may be part of the pathogenesis of microbial otitis, even when it is not the
main pathological agent, as in co-infections otitis even with low isolation counts.

Key words: malasseziosis, microbiological diagnosis, fungal infection

Among the birds, the Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) arouses great interest mainly because of the ability to “imitate” the human voice, it belongs to the Order Psittaciformes, Family Psittacidae, Species Amazona aestiva, and is popularly known as the parrot, parrot. -common, Blue-fronted Parrot, among others. Illegal trade in this species represents a very significant number, although it is not on a list of extinction concerns, this number is very high and impacts the population of free-living parrots, coupled with habitat destruction resulting in the high number of parrots received. at CETAS-RJ. Although endoparasitosis is “common”, it is still a major concern of breeders and is related to poor management, hygiene, nutrition, genetic and inadequate environment, such factors must be worked out for effective control. There are a variety of helminths that parasitize birds, of which the main representative groups are nematodes and baskets. To perform the treatment it is necessary to identify the parasite and know its biological cycle, in addition to the parasite-host relationship, these are indispensable factors for effective control. It is essential to remember that the knowledge of zoonoses that affect such species is a very important factor for the Veterinarian to perform his role as a public health agent. The corpses of the birds analyzed were donated by CETAS-RJ, located in Seropédica (RJ), which has a frequency of natural death, around 200 individuals per year. External biometrics and necropsy of 30 birds were performed at the Animal Anatomy Laboratory. The parasites found were accounted for and identified by the UFRRJ Parasitology sector. Of the animals submitted to necropsy, 48% were infested, the parasites were identified as nematodes Capillaria spp. and Ascaridia spp. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that worms are still a challenge for captive breeding, even though it is a relatively “common” issue, it is still responsible for a large number of animal deaths.

Electroretinography (ERG) is a record of the electrical activity of the retina, an exame of great importance in the ophthalmic routine. It has high sensitivity to external interference, such as patient sedation, drugs used and monitoring equipment used. In the canine species, several anesthetic techniques and protocols have been proposed and described, however, even in the need for standardization, there is still no consensus on which provides a better examination with greater anesthetic safety. Thus, the present study aims to compare the performance of the ERG, according to the guidelines of the International Society of Clinical Visual Electrophysiology (ISCEV) in six healthy Molinois Belgian Shepherd dogs, between 1 and 5 years old, randomly submitted and at intervals of 15 weeks. days at the two anesthetic protocols: 0.02 mL / kg, intramuscularly (IM), of the TDex solution (50 mg of tiletamine-zolazepam lyophilisate diluted in 25% butorphanol 25% solution and 0.125 mg 50% dexmedetomidine); and 0.2 mg / kg butorphanol (IM), 5 mg / kg propofol (IV) and vaporized isoflurane in order to maintain superficial surgical plan according to clinical parameters. All animals were intubated, bandaged for dark adaptation, received rocuronium (0.05 mg / kg IV) and had their vital parameters monitored via a multiparameter battery and covered with a red filter. Both protocols proved to be effective for ERG examination. Inhaled anesthesia provided higher retinographic responses, although statistically both were similar, shorter total examination time and better recovery. The incidence of anesthetic complications was similar, but hypotension was more frequent with isoflurane, while bradicardia and hypercapnia was more frequent in the Tdex study. Not only the choice of anesthetic but also the adjustment of the anesthetic plan was determinant for the acquisition of quality records.

Ophthalmic Pannus is a bilateral chronic inflammatory disorder of the corneal stroma, characterized as a chronic immune-mediated syndrome. Chronic pigmented superficial keratitis (CSPC) is a sign of chronic corneal irritation, with different causes. Although with distinct causes and evolution, ophthalmic pannus and CSPC are commonly treated as synonyms. Thus, it is important to establish the clinical differences, characterize the histopathological and immunohistochemical changes and classify them adequately. This study aims to characterize these diseases, by histological and immunohistochemical tests. 24 dogs, CSPC patients with total blindness (group I, N = 12) and patients with ophthalmic pannus with total or partial vision impairment (group II, N = 12) will be studied. Group I animals will undergo biopsy through central lamellar superficial keratectomy (CSLC). Blind group II animals will be submitted to CSLC and biopsy in the temporal limb region and those with partial visual impairment will be submitted to biopsy in the temporal limb region. To obtain the central corneal lamellae, the microkeratome will be used and lateral corneal biopsy will be used, a corneal delaminator will be used. The material removed will be conditioned in glass vials containing 10% buffered formalin and referred for histopathological evaluation using the specific stains. In the immunohistochemistry will be used markers for fibrosis, vascularization, pigmentation, radiation and neoplasia.

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has been successfully used in several fields of medicine with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties and its in loco use may induce a local immune response in the bovine mammary gland and minimize antibiotics use. This work aimed to evaluate the response of PRP intramammary in dry cow therapy and its effect on subsequent lactation. Nine crossbred cows (holsteinxzebu), healthy, pregnant, reactive to California Mastitis Tests were used. One week prior to drying, blood samples (Sample 1 / A1) were taken for complete blood count and TBARS, and milk for microbial isolation, composition determination, somatic cell count, differential cell count and interleukin dosing. On the last day of milking, after emptying and antisepsis of the teats, treatments were instituted in intramammary applications: T1 (3 cows, 12 mammary quarters (QM)): antibiotic (ATB); T2 (3 cows, 12 QM): 10 mL PRP; T3 (3 cows, 12 QM): 10 mL of PRP with ATB. The analyzes were repeated between 24 and 36 hours postpartum (D0) and 14, 30 and 60 days after (D14, D30 and D60). The design was completely randomized with arrangement in subdivided plots. Data were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared using Bonferroni test (Prism 5.0), with a confidence level of 95% (p≤0,05). The method of obtaining PRP was efficient, concentrating blood platelet counts almost 10 times (290 ± 40 for 2,477 ± 500 platelets / mL). There was no difference in CCS in A1 (p> 0.05), with high count in all groups. After delivery, the highest CCS mean was verified on D30 in T3, with a difference in relation to T1. CCS was lower in T1 at all times postpartum, intermediate in T2 (D14 and D60) and higher in T3 (D14 and D60). Greater CCS may indicate mobilization of defense cells to mammary gland, but indicative of inflammatory reaction. Regarding the composition of the milk, there were A1, with lower fat contents in T2 and the three groups differed in relation to the total dry extract, dry extract and proteins. In postpartum, the fat and ESD contents of the T2 were similar to the others, showing a recovery in milk production by the mammary gland. Regarding the hemogram, all constituents of the erythrogram at all times and groups remained within the normal range for the species. In white cells, leukocytosis was observed in T1 (between D0 and D30), T2 (D0) and T3 (all moments), with a predominance of left shift. In the samples collected before drying, ECN was the most isolated microorganism, followed by Streptococcus spp.. and Staphylococcus spp. After calving, regardless of the treatment, there was a predominance of ECN and Corynebacterium spp. Data from TBARS, interleukins and differential milk cell counts are needed to conclude the effects of PRP use at the time of drying.

Sensitivity to fire sound in dogs is an increasingly common condition and is often associated with various behavioral disorders. Exaggerated reactions to sound stimuli present with a variety of behavioral signals associated with significant autonomic activation and release of cortisol, producing a negative impact on the animal's physical health and well-being. Although dogs are very sociable individuals, whose general well-being is linked to interaction with humans, the quality of the relationship between them and the routine that the dog undergoes today may determine precisely the exposure to risk factors that influence in the way they deal with these stress situations. In order to investigate these factors, the tutors of dogs from different regions of the country are invited to respond to an online questionnaire containing 30 questions divided into 5 sessions of research (lineage and origin, socioenvironmental environment, exposure and reaction to sound, relationship of care and clinical aspects). In general, behavioral disorders in dogs are poorly treated in Brazil. In large part for lack of diagnosis, possibly due to the lack of access of veterinarians to a teaching that more comprehensively covers diseases and behavioral disorders in dogs. This condition can define the quality of the medical approach to these patients. And with the objective of investigating the quality of information about the sensitivity to sounds in dogs received by veterinarians during the academic training, an online questionnaire containing seventeen questions is distributed to veterinarians working in the different states of the country. Currently the clinical approaches to sensitivity, phobia and panic to fireworks sounds, are composed of pharmacological interventions of sedative or anxiolytic action, and behavioral therapy associated with therapies that aid in the control of stress. The resolution is difficult since it involves great commitment of the tutor and the veterinarian for the frequent follow-up and adaptations, besides the risks of side effects of the drugs. In this sense, acupuncture that has been shown to be an option for the control of stress and anxiety in humans, may also contribute to animals, especially for patients with restrictions on the use of drugs. To verify the effectiveness of the technique for these cases, nineteen sound-sensitive dogs of previously selected fireworks were submitted to sound in the laboratory with controlled intensity of 103-104 dB and duration of 2.5 minutes. Autonomic activity (through cardiac interval variability), endocrine (serum cortisol levels) and behavioral (through 20 parameters) were evaluated. The dogs were divided into two groups, control (untreated) and acupuncture (Yintang, VG20, E36, Pc6, B52 and C7 points), and treated for 8 weeks, being resubmitted to the test at term. For selection and follow-up, questionnaires were applied to tutors before and after treatments.

The present study was developed at the feline medicine service of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Veterinary teaching hospital. Forty-two female cats recruited for spaying were enrolled in the study. All animals were classified by the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk classification as ASA I or II to be included in the study. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the sedation and the effects over the propofol dose needed to induce anesthesia in cats premedicated with dexmedetomidine (0,01 mg.kg^-1) associated with nalbuphine (DN; 0,3 mg.kg^-1), butorphanol (DB; 0,3 mg.kg^-1) or methadone (DM; 0,3 mg.kg^-1). The secondary goal was to evaluate the efficacy of lidocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA cream) in reducing the response to venous catheterization in cats of groups DN and DM by applying the cream for 20 minutes in 6 cats in each group and not applying in other 6 cats to create a negative control. Cats were randomly allocated in of the three premedication groups and after acclimation received in the quadriceps muscles one of the protocols. Sedation scores were recorded 10, 20 and 30 minutes after premedication. Six cats in each of DN and DM groups had applied on the antebrachium EMLA cream 10 minutes after premedication. After sedation scores 30 minutes after premedication cats had a catheter placed on the left cephalic vein and the animals enrolled to score reaction to catheter placement had it done. Anesthetic induction with propofol (5 mg.kg.min^-1) was then performed and the amount of propofol needed to induce anesthesia recorded. Sedation scores did not differ among groups but an increment in sedation was observed along time in all three groups with intense sedation 30 minutes after premedication. In the same fashion the time for lateral recumbency did not differ among groups. Propofol dose to induce anesthesia also did not differ among premedication groups. The main side effect was emesis, present in 0/14 cats on DN, 2/14 cats in DB and 2/14 cats in DM. The reaction to catheter placement was lower in treated cats when compared to control cats. The synergistic or at least additive action between α-2 adrenoceptor agonists and opioids must be considered as one of the main factors leading to the high levels of sedation with short onset. We conclude that sedation with nalbuphine, butorphanol or methadone, associated with dexmedetomidine, at the present doses, produce intense sedation with shot onset, low incidence of emesis and may reduce the amount of propofol needed to induce anesthesia. Additionally, the combination of nalbuphine or methadone with dexmedetomidine, at the present doses, when associated with EMLA cream may abolish the reaction to intravenous catheter placement in cats.

MACHADO, Marília Alves. Safety and efficacy of afoxolaner for the treatment of otodectic mange (Otodectes cynotis) and control of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis felis) in felines. 2018. Dissertation (Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Sciences). Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2018.

Three studies were carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of afoxolaner in the treatment of otoacariasis and flea control in felines: the first one to evaluate possible laboratory clinical adverse effects, 16 felines were used, they had the main physiological parameters monitored as well hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, total plasma proteins, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, urea, creatinine, phosphorus, albumin, ALT, and AST on days 7, +3, +10 and +31. No clinical or laboratory abnormalities were observed in the medicated animals. The second study to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner in the treatment of otoacariasis in felines, diagnosed through video-otoscopy. Sixteen felines were divided into two groups, with eight animals each, the first being untreated and the second treated with afoxolaner at a dose of 2.5 mg / kg in a single dose. The animals were evaluated at days -7, 0, +7, +14, +21, +28 and +35. At day +7 no more mites were observed in the auditory canal, different from the control group that remained with mites until day +35. The third study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of afoxolaner in the treatment of Ctenocephalides felis felis in artificially infested felines. Fourteen cats were divided into two groups with seven animals each, being the first control group without treatment and the second group treated with afoxolaner at a dose of 2,5 mg / kg in a single dose. Each animal was infested with 50 couples of fleas on days -2, +5, +12, +19, +, 26, +33, +40, +47, +54 and +63. The following formula was used to calculate the efficacy: Effectiveness percentage = (average number of live fleas recovered in the control group - mean number of live fleas recovered in the treated group) / (average number of live fleas recovered in the control group) x 100, where the mean number is represented by the arithmetic mean. After 48 hours the treatment showed 100% efficacy in the parasite control, remaining in 98.2% efficacy until the 42nd day. It is concluded that afoxolaner is an effective drug in the control of O. cynotis and C. felis felis in cats, being a safe option in the treatment of these ectoparasites.

ARAÚJO, Glauce Vaz Diniz. One-dimensional analysis of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle of poodle dogs through computed tomography. 2018. 48p Dissertation (Master's Degree in Veterinary Medicine, Pathology and Clinical Sciences). Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal and Human Anatomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2018.

The study of the Nervous System of domestic animals, in vivo, it’s growing in Veterinary Medicine as new diagnostic techniques such as Computed Tomography (CT) become a reality. However, despite such available technology, standardized values of the ventricular system in the different skull morphotypes and breeds of dogs are still scarce in the literature regarding tomographic evaluation. In view of these facts, the present study had as objective the quantitative and qualitative morphometric evaluation of the lateral ventricles and the third ventricle of 55 Poodle dogs, without encephalic alteration, of both genders and in several age groups. A retrospective study of tomographic images, acquired in the period from March 2012 to March 2017, was carried out at the Radio Vet diagnostic imaging center, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The purpose of the study was to contribute to the standardization of linear measures of height and width of the lateral ventricles and third ventricle, as well as to provide values of proportion between the ventricular system and the encephalon, as well as the correlation between the heights of the brain and skull with the height of the lateral ventricles. In the qualitative analysis, the objective was to evaluate the existence of subjective ventricular asymmetry in dogs without encephalic alteration, of the aforementioned race. As a result, it can be concluded that there was no statistical difference between the right and left antimeres when compared to the mean height and width of the lateral ventricles in all study groups. The mean right ventricular height in the M1 group was 5,18 mm ± 0,70, 6,06 mm ± 1,53 in the M2, 6,20 mm ± 1,77 in the F1, and 6,47 mm ± 1,45 in F2. The mean left ventricular height in the M1 group was 4,74 mm ± 1,29, in the M2 it was 6,05 mm ± 1,30, in the F1 it was 5,37 mm ± 1,96 and in the F2 it was 6,03 mm ± 1,77. Regarding the ventricular width, the mean for the right ventricle in the M1 group was 6,24 mm ± 1,59, in the M2 it was 7 mm ± 1,28, in the F1 it was 6,47 mm ± 1,45 and in the F2 it was 7,18 mm ± 1,33. The mean left ventricular width in the M1 group was 6,12 mm ± 1,36, in the M2 it was 7,37 mm ± 1,03, in the F1 it was 6,9 mm ± 1,15 and in the F2 it was 7,15 mm ± 1,47. The third ventricle presented as mean height in the M1 group 3,13 mm ± 0,63, in the M2 3,33 mm ± 0,91, in the F1 3,7 mm ± 0,29 and in the F2 3,56 mm ± 0,54. Regarding the mean width of the third ventricle in the M1 group was 2,4 mm ± 0,56, in the M2 was 2,94 mm ± 0,84, in the F1 was 3,01 mm ± 0,35 and in the F2 was 2,08 mm ± 0,8. Ventricular asymmetry was observed in 14.54% of the animals evaluated, and more frequently the right ventricle was larger.

ELEUTERIO, Eveliny de Oliveira. Clinical and imaging study of tracheal collapse in dogs (Canis familiaris, LINNAEUS, 1758). 2016.18f.Dissertation project (Master’s inVeterinary Medicine, Clinical Sciences). Veterinary Institute Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2016.

The tracheal collapse is a chronic weakening process of the tracheal rings and sagging of the dorsal membrane, resulting in a narrowing of thetracheal lumen. The disease has an uncharted etiology andit’s occurrence is common in small middle-aged or elderly dogs. Clinical signs are usually associated with dry and non-productivecough, and the diagnostic is given by the association of clinical symptoms and imaging tests. The therapeutic choice arises due to the severity of clinical signs may be symptomatic and palliative treatment or surgical treatment.The project aims to study the tracheal collapse emphasizing clinical features and morphologic changes evaluated by cervical and thoracic radiographs in different projections, cervical ultrasonography and tracheobronchoscopy. For carrying out the study it will be used animals with clinical suspicion of tracheal collapse through anamnesis, clinical and physical examination. The animals will be subjected to imaging tests (cervical and thoracic radiographs, during inhalation and exhalation, and cervical ultrasonography) and the evidence of diagnostic efficacy will be evaluated by tracheobronchoscopy. At the end of the study it is intended to establish the prevalence of the disease in dogs treated at the UFRRJ’s Small animal veterinary hospital within a year, and to characterize the most common clinical signs and their correlation with the images and clinical suspicion. It also will be evaluated the accuracy of imaging studies (cervical thoracic radiography and cervical ultrasonography) in the definitive diagnosis of the tracheal collapse using tracheobronchoscopy as the “gold standard” test.

SILVA, Michel Alves. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of oral cavity neoplasias of dogs and evaluation of different protocols in the treatment of oral melanoma. 2018. Thesis (Doctorate degree in Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Science). Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2018.

The objectives of this study were to present the clinical epidemiological aspects of dogs treated with neoplasias in the oral cavity in the oncology sector of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro between the years of 2011 and 2017 by means of a retrospective study of all medical records and a multicenter evaluation of several treatments in which 63 dogs diagnosed with melanoma in the oral cavity between 2012 and 2016 were submitted, analyzing the information obtained as age, race, sex, tumor size, tumor staging, clinical evolution, to establish a therapeutic protocol that is more appropriate for the treatment of this neoplasia. The neoplasias that affect the oral cavity of the dogs are quite heterogeneous. Those that have characteristics of malignancy have the unfavorable prognosis for tumor biology and the difficulty of establishing surgical margin of safety without loss of function and / or cosmetic result acceptable to the owners of the animals. Epidemiological data are important to establish a profile of the affected population and establish an early treatment strategy for dogs that fall within the risk range, seeking cure or providing quality of life when the prognosis is reserved. Melanoma in the oral cavity is an extremely aggressive neoplasm, object of studies in several countries, and has not yet established treatment protocol. The dog serves as the spontaneous animal model of this neoplasm in humans. The epidemiological data extracted from the archives showed that of the 2832 cases of neoplasms treated in the oncology sector in a period of 7 years (2011 to 2017), neoplasias of the oral cavity affected 176 animals (6.21%). Dogs with no defined breed were the most affected, mean age was 10.34 years, the main site affected was the maxilla and melanoma was the most prevalent neoplasia. In the epidemiological study we arrived at the following conclusions. In the multicentric study of dogs submitted to different therapies in the treatment of melanoma of the oral cavity, we observed that during the evolution of the disease, the animals that presented complete remission had an increase in survival compared to the other clinical evolutions. Animals that had a free surgical margin survived longer than those who did not obtain the free margin of the neoplasia. The present study demonstrated that in the treatment used to combat melanoma in the oral cavity in dogs, chemotherapy with carboplatin when being part of the protocol, increased the survival of the patients when compared with those who did not use the chemotherapeutic.

SANTOS, André Marandola. Lysosomal storage disease induced by Sida planicaulis Cav. (Malvaceae) in sheep in the state of Rio de Janeiro. 2018. 64p. Thesis (Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine, Animal Pathology). Instituto de
Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2018.

This paper describes an outbreak of lysosomal storage disease in sheep induced by Sida planicaulis in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The consumption of S. planicaulis is responsible for this disease in cattle, horses, goat, sheep and captive deer, which occurs naturally, when the plant is abundant and there is shortage of other forage. The main toxic compound in this plant, Swainsonine, inhibits α- manosidasis I e II enzymatic activitiy and causes glycoprotein storage in lysosomes. The storage provokes compression, deficiency in intracytoplasmatic transport, and finally, degenerative changes in various tissues, in which, nervous system is the most affected. Clinical examination of the affected animals revealed proprioceptive déficit, motor incoordination, staggers and, neck and head intention tremors. ‘Head- Raising Test’ showed marked increase of head and limb tremors, with sequential difficulty in balance and tumble. Histopathology revealed severe distension of Purkinje cells, with foamy appearance, which eventually progressed to karyolysis and pyknosis, and intense vacuolization of pancreatic acinar and thyroid follicular cells. Additionally, there was vacuolization in neuronal bodies with dissolution of cytoplasm associated with marked proliferation of morphologically atypical astrocytes. Multiple axonal spheroids of variable sizes were noted. Positive reaction in lectin-histochemistry for lectins Con A, WGA, and sWGA was able to characterize the disease as a glycoproteinosis. Ultrastructural evaluation of pancreas sections evidenced numerous vacuoles up to 2,5μm in diameter, circled by 20nm wide membranes in acinar cells. In the present report, diagnosis of S. planicaulis toxicosis was established by epidemiological data, clinical and pathological findings, and confirmed by lectin-histochemistry and ultrastructural evaluation. Natural toxicosis in sheep by Sida planicaulis has not yet been described in the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Trichomoniasis is caused by protozoa belonging to the phylum Parabasalia, which are found parasitizing the digestive tract and genitourinary of different animal species, including humans. Previously, these parabasalids were not considered to be responsible for emerging infections because they were involved not only in specific infection regions, but also in host-specific regions. However, it has been observed to the presence of a same protozoan with a great diversity of hosts, being these attributed to different clinical disorders, which indicates that these organisms are opportunistic and multiply when finding favorable conditions. At the site of infection they generate local inflammation and facilitate infection by other pathogens, and this synergism may intensify pathologies. In swine, these flagellates are described in the intestinal tract, and are associated with diarrhea; in the nasal cavity, is associated with atrophic rhinitis, in addition to other respiratory disorders. However, little is known about the possible parabasalid species involved in the parasitism of domestic animals, especially in small ruminants. The objective of this study was to diagnose the parabasalid species found in the gastrointestinal tract of goats, sheep and swine. For this, this study was divided in two parts. In the first one the frequency of these protozoa was evaluated in the small ruminants; the isolated flagellates were cultured and the kinetics of growth in culture medium was analyzed, as well as the morphological and molecular characteristics of these. The second part consisted in the molecular diagnosis of the isolated specimens of thirty five pigs in 2014, whose frequency and behavior in culture medium had already been evaluated previously. The frequency of parabasalis found was 42.85% in goats (6/14) and 68% in sheep (30/44), and the rate of co-infection between these fagelates and the other intestinal parasites was 42.85% in goats and 41.93% in sheep. Morphologically the strains presented similar characteristics to the genus Tetratrichomonas, and the sequencing showed that all strains analyzed presented 100% similarities with Tetratrichomonas sp isolated from bull prepuce. In pigs, in addition to diagnosing different species of the genus Tetratrichomonas, Pentatrichomonas hominis was still isolated. These flagellates are involved in several clinical disorders in different hosts, and the role of these animals as parabasalid reservoirs should be cautiously considered.

The stress has been receiving a great focus in the last decades, as being an important precursor of several pathologies, for directly altering the homeostasis. Stress manifestations occur in a variety of ways, be they behavioral or physiological changes. Subjects undergoing stressful situations routinely develop chronic stress, with even more deleterious effects on the body. The constant mobilization of stress mechanisms as occurs during chronic stress is extremely detrimental to the balance of the body, due to the actions of its subtrates in several tissues, and in the long term can cause serious and / or irreversible damages. More and more pathologies have been described as originating from acute or chronic stress, and hypothyroidism may be one of them. It is a disease that affects a great number of individuals. It is important to elucidate if the stress can be a possible inducer of and how it develops. In order to mimic the hyper and hypoactive conditions of the hypothalamus pituitary adreanal axis the animals were submitted to dexamethasone injections during different periods of time, with posterior behavioral and neuroendocrine analysis of the axis hypothalamic pituitary thyroid and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal. Three groups (dexamethasone 10 days + interruption, dexamethasone 10 days, adrenalectomy) were evaluated in all groups with their respective controls. The animals were submitted to behavioral tests (open field, high cross labyrinth, tail suspension and passive avoidance) and the neuroendocrine markers evaluated were corticosterone, TSH and T4.

HENRIQUES, Marcelo de Oliveira. Free omental graft without vascular anastomosis in the cutaneous healing of rats. 2018. 76 p. Thesis (Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine). Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Seropédica, RJ, The healing process in mammals is intimately connected to the maintenance of the internal environment and to the survival of the animal, being influenced by several factors, such as local vascularization, nutritional status, healthiness, presence of infection and concomitant diseases, among others. Biological materials have been recommended due to its analgesic and antibacterial attributes, accelerate the formation of granulation tissue and epithelization, provide a barrier to bacterial invasion. The omentum has been used in human and veterinary medicine related to the healing of wounds, through pedicled or free grafts, since before 1900, however, the mechanism by which there is assistance in the resolution of injuries is not fully comprehended. The presence of wide vascularization and innate and specific defense cells, called “milky spots” and mesenchymal pluripotential cells has been determined as preponderant to promote healing and regeneration in injured tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability and influence of the free omentum graft without vascular anastomosis on the healing process of cutaneous wounds in male Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups of seven animals, two control groups (CT7 and CT14) and two treated (OM7 and OM14), and the following evaluations were performed: macroscopy and morphometry of the wounds, histopathological characteristics, quantification of type I and III collagen fibers, and research of cytokines and growth factors, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Fibroblast Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-β (through immunohistochemistry and gene expression made by polymerase chain reaction technique). In the macroscopic results, the graft remained viable in the wound in in all treated animals, without major complications. Compared to the control group, in wounds with omentum there was a significant increase in mononuclear infiltrate and a decrease in TGF β at 14 days, with no statistical difference in the other parameters and moments of evaluation. These findings in the mononuclear infiltrate and the quantification of TGF-β at 14 days postoperative, are possibly due to the immunomodulatory capacities of the omentum. It can be concluded that the use of autologous free omentum without vascular anastomosis in cutaneous healing is effective and viable, with no rejection, loss of graft or absence of healing in acute wounds in healthy rats