CELESTINO, Edmir Amanajás. University Extension and Social Management in Sustainable Territorial Development in territories of Rio de Janeiro state. 2026. Number of pages. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Innovation in Agriculture and Livestock) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2026.

This thesis investigates the interrelations among Social Management, Sustainable Territorial Development, and University Extension, with the aim of understanding how extension practices can contribute to the formulation, planning, and implementation of public policies grounded in sustainability and social participation. It departs from the assumption that university extension can foster dialogue among society, the state, and the market, thereby helping to establish the governance required to achieve the territorialization of the Sustainable Development Goals in the implementation of public policies. The research is based on a theoretical-methodological framework that supports the integration between the categories of Social Management and the dimensions of Sustainable Territorial Development, seeking to construct indicators that substantively express democracy and sustainability in local development processes. The study adopts a strictly qualitative approach, grounded in multiple case studies conducted in territories in which university extension is active, with an emphasis on the experiences of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro in the Bay of Ilha Grande, the Bay of Sepetiba, and the Lagoon of Araruama, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The analyses contribute to improving the evaluation instruments for university extension projects, participatory governance instruments, and to strengthening social innovation practices in the territories, with particular attention to small‑scale (artisanal) fisheries.

This study investigated the effect of photoperiod management on the phenological development of hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.) grown under subtropical high-altitude conditions, aiming to evaluate how the duration and temporal modulation of light influence floral induction and reproductive coherence at low latitudes. The research was conducted in Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), a region representative of tropical highland climate, as part of a broader scientific effort to tropicalize hop cultivation and establish its agronomic viability in Brazil. The experiment followed a randomized block design with three light regimes: natural light (no LED), night interruption, and day extension. Three commercial varieties (Cascade, Comet, and Saaz) were selected due to their different degrees of photoperiod sensitivity. Photoperiod management consisted of: absence of artificial light, a 15-minute nocturnal light pulse, and a four-hour daily extension using LEDs with photosynthetically active spectrum. Phenological assessments were carried out weekly according to the BBCH scale, enabling precise tracking of vegetative and reproductive stages. Data were analyzed through two-way ANOVA with photoperiod and variety as fixed factors. Statistical assumptions were met, and means were compared using the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance. Continuous climatic monitoring (temperature, radiation, and rainfall) allowed correlation of environmental variables with phenological responses. Results showed that photoperiod was the key determinant of floral transition. Plants under natural light reached BBCH 39 and senesced without flowering, confirming the photoperiodic limitation at low latitudes. Conversely, day extension promoted full and synchronized flowering in all varieties, while night interruption, even with minimal energy input, effectively induced floral differentiation. Light acted mainly as a temporal signal, modulating circadian rhythm and reproductive physiology rather than providing additional energy.
Cascade and Comet exhibited higher adaptive plasticity, whereas Saaz required longer photoperiods to complete its floral cycle. Temporal phenological analysis, quantified as days from transplanting to BBCH stages 31, 51, 61, and 71, revealed that photoperiod management significantly reduced time to stem elongation (BBCH 31) relative to the control (p < 0.001). Reproductive stages (BBCH 51, 71) did not differ between day extension and night interruption (p > 0.05), indicating comparable phenological outcomes between supplemental light treatments in driving reproductive development, though the two strategies differ physiologically: day extension increases DLI, whereas night interruption acts primarily as a photoperiodic signal. Chapter III presents an integrated analysis of global climate trends and their implications for territorial expansion of hop cultivation, including modeling of productive potential across new regions, molecular bases of quality compound synthesis under varying thermal regimes, and a discussion of biological time engineering as a precision photoperiod management tool. Overall, photoperiod management proved to be a decisive agronomic tool for enabling hop cultivation in tropical and subtropical regions, allowing artificial replication of temperate photoperiod conditions. The study provides scientific and technological foundations for the development of tropical hop cultivation, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals related to agricultural innovation, efficient energy use, and climate adaptation.

The main focus of this thesis is to carry out an analysis of technical training in agriculture, based on technical courses in Agriculture at the Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG), São João Evangelista and Bambuí campuses. To this end, methodologically, this is a qualitative and quantitative, exploratory research, focused on deepening knowledge about the aforementioned phenomenon. Regarding data collection, three strategies were used, namely: bibliographic, documentary and field research. In bibliographic research, the focus is on using the works of the main authors who deal with the themes addressed in the theoretical basis of this study. Documentary research is important for understanding the courses analyzed, with the Course Pedagogical Project (PPC) as its central object. In the field research, interviews were conducted with the coordinators of the technical courses in Agriculture at the Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais (IFMG) São João Evangelista and Bambuí campuses, as well as questionnaires were applied to teachers and students of the aforementioned courses. When carrying out a comparative analysis, it can be seen that, in the students' view, the course at the Bambuí campus has a majority evaluation in 12 of the 14 categories evaluated. In the teachers' assessment, the course at the São João Evangelista campus stands out in 8 of the 13 categories researched. Furthermore, proposals were made to improve the categories that, on average, presented an unsatisfactory evaluation in the survey with both students and teachers, namely: carrying out technical visits, teacher training, access to technologies, innovative methodology and federal government guidelines.

Urban agriculture in city areas has been practiced for multiple motivations up to the present day. The accelerated urbanization processes of recent decades are considered one of the main drivers of land cover change worldwide, impacting natural habitats and posing a threat to global biodiversity and its associated flows of Ecosystem Services (ES). Climate change effects and the need for more sustainable food systems have contributed to the growing interest in Nature-based Solutions, with Urban Agriculture (UA) being considered part of cities’ Green Infrastructure. However, few studies assess how the ES promoted by Urban Agriculture (UA) vary depending on the presence or absence of green cover. The hypothesis tested is whether UA can function as an “island” capable of providing ES. The general objective of this study is to assess the ES promoted by UA in three neighborhoods in the western zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which vary along a gradient from high to low percentages of urbanized area, under the influence of a forest fragment of the Atlantic Forest biome (PEPB). The research is structured in three chapters, which correspond to the ES evaluated, and follows a general methodology that guides the entire study. These include pollination by native bees (assessed via pan-trap traps), soil water infiltration capacity (based on physical analysis), and human well-being (assessed through Likert-scale questionnaires). The theoretical framework addresses conceptual and historical themes, typologies of UA, its relationship with the ES studied, and perspectives on using UA as Green Infrastructure. The general methodology guiding the analyses is based on landscape metrics at multiple spatial scales, land use and land cover classification across the landscape gradient, and remote sensing techniques. In Chapter I, the results show that diverse and agroecological Urban Agriculture functions as an effective strategy for increasing the permeability of an urban landscape with forest fragments, promoting the conservation and protection of native bees and their ecosystem services in both tropical forests and crops. Abundance showed a positive relationship with crop diversification at both the local and broader (500m) scales. This confirms how diverse crops can offer resources to bees in urbanized areas. Species richness was positively associated with spontaneous plant diversity at both scales, highlighting the important role of spontaneous plants in conserving bee biodiversity. The percentage of urbanized areas was negatively related to richness, as expected to NDVI1 and NDVI5, showing that low-diversity and low-vigor vegetation does not support species richness in that territory. In Chapter II, soil bulk density was the only parameter responding significantly to the models, showing an inverse relationship with crop diversity at the local scale. This indicates the need for structural diversification of vegetation to improve soil performance in terms of infiltration and water retention. Chapter III highlights the high level of farmers’ perception of the benefits nature can provide to society through UA. The findings confirm the global trend of integrating UA into Green Infrastructure through public policies for territorial planning based on ES.

Digital transformation is configured as a continuous and multidimensional process that transcends the mere conversion of analog procedures into digital formats. It represents a structural change that involves technologies, people, organizational culture, and institutional arrangements, with direct impacts on the economy, society, and public policy formulation. In the context of family farming, this phenomenon acquires particular relevance, as farmers simultaneously face opportunities for innovation, entry into digital markets, and access to strategic information, while also encountering structural barriers related to infrastructure, training, and digital inclusion. The main objective of this thesis is to critically analyze how digital transformation acts as an inducer of rural business development, especially in regionalized family farming, considering the role of public policies and supporting institutional arrangements. To achieve this purpose, the research is based on a bibliographic and documentary review that articulates concepts of development, theories of innovation, information management, and social management, as well as emerging trends in digital technologies applied to the agricultural sector. Methodologically, this is a qualitative exploratory study, based on semi-structured interviews conducted with three groups of stakeholders: family farmers, EMATER technicians, and university professors affiliated with UFRRJ. The corpus was examined through discourse analysis, which enabled the identification of key categories and their critical comparison among the groups. In addition, a SWOT matrix was applied to systematize strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to digitalization in the rural context. The results revealed unanimities around certain points, such as the precariousness of digital infrastructure, despite the predominant use of basic technologies; convergences such as the important mediating role of EMATER and significant barriers related to training and financial resources; and divergences linked to more operational, long-term, or practical perspectives, varying according to the groups. The study found that digital transformation, although perceived as an opportunity, still faces significant barriers, especially regarding equitable access to technologies and the absence of specific and articulated public policies for family farming. The research also pointed out that digital initiatives should adopt a complementary, rather than a substitutive, role in relation to the fieldwork carried out by extensionists, in order to avoid exclusion and preserve the pedagogical dimension of technical assistance. As a contribution, the thesis proposes a theoretical model that integrates the perspective of digital transformation with social management and the governance of local productive arrangements, emphasizing the need for public policies oriented towards digital inclusion, comprehensive training, and the strengthening of inter-institutional governance. From an academic perspective, the study broadens the debate on the impacts of digitalization in rural contexts, by articulating technological, social, and political dimensions. From a practical perspective, it provides insights for the design of more inclusive rural development policies and programs capable of promoting the sustainability and competitiveness of family farming in the contemporary scenario.

FONSECA, Gabriela de Ataíde. Hop Cultivation: Production Systems in Brazil and Argentina and Growth of Hop Plants Under Artificial Lighting in the Absence and Presence of Fertilization With Essential Nutrients in Nova Friburgo, RJ. 2025. 140 f. Thesis (Doctorate in Agricultural Science, Technology, and Innovation). Office of Graduate Studies, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2025.
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.), a dioecious plant of the Cannabaceae family, is an essential input for the brewing industry due to the aromatic, bittering, and preservative properties conferred by lupulin in the female cones. In Brazil, although the expansion of the craft beer market has stimulated cultivation, the crop still lacks technical guidelines adapted to tropical edaphoclimatic conditions, particularly regarding nutritional management. In this context, this dissertation seeks to contribute to the consolidation of national hop production through two main approaches: (i) conducting a survey of management, processing, and commercialization strategies for hops in Brazil and Argentina; and (ii) characterizing macronutrient deficiency in hop plants grown under supplemental artificial lighting through chemical analysis. The first chapter presents a comprehensive diagnosis of Brazilian production based on an exploratory study involving 56 growers interviewed between May and July 2024. The sector is heterogeneous and composed predominantly of producers with higher education, including many “neo-rurals.” The adoption of technical practices—such as soil analysis, liming, pre-plant fertilization, and the use of cultivars aligned with market sensory demands (Comet, Cascade, and Chinook)—indicates increasing professionalization. The integration of organic inputs and cover crops also reflects growing concern for sustainability. The main obstacles include the lack of genetic material adapted to the local photoperiod, limited infrastructure for postharvest processing, shortage of skilled labor, and market reluctance toward domestic hops. Commercialization occurs mainly with microbreweries, and producers emphasize the need for public policies, training, and technological modernization to strengthen the value chain.The second chapter deepens the analysis of the El Bolsón region, the main ho-Pproducing hub in Argentina. Based on field visits and interviews with seven production units, the study describes a system characterized by family tradition, strong integration with the domestic market, and increasing professionalization. Production systems employ high “V”-shaped trellis structures, drip or flood irrigation, predominantly chemical phytosanitary management, and fertilization based on soil analyses. Postharvest processing is more technologically developed than in Brazil, including mechanized stripping, drying, and pelletizing. Key challenges include high production costs, scarcity of specialized labor, and difficulties accessing international markets. The third chapter describes an experiment conducted in Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro) to evaluate the omission of essential nutrients under tropical conditions. Nitrogen and potassium omissions were the most limiting to growth and biomass accumulation, while micronutrient omission showed unexpected behavior. Visual diagnosis proved imprecise, reinforcing the need for complementary analytical methods. The study concludes that hop cultivation in Brazil is undergoing consolidation, with significant agronomic and economic potential, but still dependent on scientific advances, technological innovation, and supportive public policies that enhance competitiveness and productive autonomy. 

Brazil is one of the largest food producing and exporting countries, showing increasing evolution at a global level. In the 2022/23 harvest, 322.5 million tons of grains were harvested, being also one of the main producers and exporters of animal protein to the world market. However, the economic and environmental sustainability of the production systems that support these production volumes has been questioned by several experts who highlight the loss of natural biodiversity and agrobiodiversity, the negative environmental impacts, especially on soil and water quality, the increase in antibiotic resistance and climate implications. Organic agriculture has become a global management system for economic explorations focused on the production of foodstuffs and raw materials that includes practices considered sustainable in environmental and climate terms. This segment has strategic potential for Brazil, however, the country's share in the domestic and mainly global organic products market is still relatively small. This thesis aims to identify the processes that led to the consolidation of the legal and normative framework aimed at organic agriculture and agroecology in Brazil and the respective results in organic and agroecological agrifood systems and in the value chains of this segment. The theoretical framework to investigate and understand the processes occurring in the dynamics of change and stability present in policies, as well as the way in which the main governmental and non-governmental actors are inserted, focused on the Interest Coalition (ACF) approach and the Model of Multiple Streams, both from political science. The methodological procedures, in addition to a bibliographic review on the topics, included interviews with key actors, a detailed review of normative acts and other official documents. A survey, analysis and tabulation of databases and records available in the National Register of Organic Producers (CNPO) was also carried out. It was found that political learning occurred in the belief system of the interest coalitions present, which allowed the establishment of differentiated rules that included the different actors involved in public policies and that they had increasing participation in the official system created, despite the difficulties in its implementation. 

FAVORETO, Carlos José Ruffato. Urban gardens from the perspective of sustainable urban development: an integrated approach based on Nexus analysis. 2023. 75 p. Thesis brochure (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Agriculture Innovation). Pro-Rectory of Research and Post-Graduation, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2023.

 In Brazil, since 1970, the urban population has surpassed that living in rural areas, mainly in the Southeast region, which as a direct consequence generates problems associated with irregular occupation of the territory, inadequate access to sanitation services and public health problems, all of which are linked environmental degradation and social inequality. Since disorderly occupation has a direct relationship with the well-being of the population, solutions are discussed that contribute to the development of healthy and sustainable habitats, in compliance with what is recommended by the Sustainable Development Goals. It is known that urban agriculture is defined as a set of practices and solutions based on nature, which, if applied to urban space, help to promote socio-environmental indicators, such as the reduction of social inequality, recovery of degraded areas and food security in spaces in which they are inserted. In cities, experiences of processes of developing models for reapplication of urban agriculture are accumulating, however, few are those who receive financial resources and technical training through public authorities. In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, since 2006 the Hortas Cariocas Program (HCP), created by the Municipal Secretariat for the City's Environment (MSCE), whose main objective is to combine food security and income generation for vulnerable populations and school communities, has already developed more than 50 production units, having therefore received international recognition in 2019, for an honorable mention in the Food Production category (Urban Food Systems), in Monpellier, France. Given the above, the objective of this research is to investigate how Hortas Cariocas contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations (UN) by 2030. To this end, the methodological procedure of this study is guided by descriptive, applied research, with a qualitative approach, case study and the content analysis technique and the NEXUS method were used. Preliminary results suggest that the PHC complies with what was proposed for the SDGs. Data analysis from measurement reports from the years 2010, 2015 and 2020 suggests that the program achieved greater production, associated with the expansion of its gardens, but possibly also associated with the maturity of some units already emancipated, including. Finally, it is intended, through the Nexus methodology (food-water-energy), to demonstrate the most recommended location pattern for the expansion of urban agriculture projects.

MELO, Paulo Leoncio da Silva de Estimate of Sea Surface Altitude Quality through  Observations from Sentinel-6A. 2024. 95p. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technoloy and  Innovation in Agriculture). Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal  Rural do Rio de Janeiro, RJ: UFRRJ, 2024.

One way to monitor the variation in sea level is through Satellite Altimetry (ALTSAT), as it  determines this variation remotely, with global coverage and temporal resolution, via ocean  altimetry missions. Another solution for monitoring this variation would be through tide  gauge readings, but these are only point-specific and local, not suitable for global studies.  Assessing the variation in Sea Surface Height (SSH) provides information about the behavior  of the ocean surface, which is constantly rising. This rise in sea levels can lead to the flooding  of urban and agricultural areas, as well as salinizing water bodies used for irrigation. The  Sentinel-6A was launched in 2020 with the aim of providing accurate, consistent, and easily  accessible ALTSAT data. In this context, this study aimed to determine the quality of SSH  values obtained from S6A observations by comparing them absolutely and relatively with tide  gauge readings. A region near the tide gauge of Arraial do Cabo – RJ was considered. The  variables that provide observations for determining SSH were selected for level 2, high  resolution, baseline considering version F06. The tide gauge readings were transformed to  SSH, and these altitudes derived from tide gauge sensors (Radar and Encoder) were termed  SSH-TG. For an appropriate comparison between the SSH obtained via S6A (SSH-S6A) and  the SSH-TG, it was necessary to interpolate the SSH-TG to the same time instances at which  the SSH-S6A were obtained. To achieve this, a routine was implemented in Octave software  where the coefficients of the Hermite polynomial were determined. With the datasets SSH S6A and SSH-TG interpolated to the same time interval, the SSH-S6A were extrapolated to  the position of the tide gauge. Absolute Comparison (AC) was performed by comparing the  set of extrapolated SSH-S6A with the set of SSH-TG. Relative Comparison (RC) was carried  out by comparing the daily differences between the SSH-S6A and the daily differences  between the SSH-TG. The selected time series was the one that showed the highest Pearson  Correlation Coefficient (PCC), the lowest mean and standard deviation, and was closest to the  tide gauge. Considering the absolute comparison, the mean differences between SSH-S6A and  SSH-TG were 0.0680m ± 0.0532m. As for the relative comparison, the mean differences  between the variations in SSH-S6A and SSH-TG were 0.0822m ± 0.0687m for the Arraial do  Cabo tide gauge region, indicating centimeter-level quality. Additionally, a study was  conducted to compare the mean differences between the variations in SSH in the region of  Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, and the region of Arraial do Cabo – RJ. The comparison of the  SSH-S6A variation data from the Arraial do Cabo region with those from the Tierra del Fuego  region showed different magnitudes and values. Thus, the ocean surface variation in the two  regions is different, and the Tierra del Fuego region exhibits greater variation due to its  proximity to Antarctica, a polar climate region undergoing ice melt with global warming.

ALBUQUERQUE, Alexandre Magalhães. Qualitative forest inventory of Eucalyptus plantation using remotely piloted aircraft, multispectral sensor and deep learning. 2024. xxxp. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Innovation in Agriculture), Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2024.

Forest inventory is a crucial activity for planning and decision-making in forest management. Typically, forest inventory is conducted in the field using various methods and sampling processes. After 120 days of planting, a qualitative forest inventory (IFQ 120) is conducted to assess planting quality and enable corrective actions. Given the high cost and labor shortage of this process, this work proposes a methodology for information collection by integrating photogrammetric techniques with multispectral UAV images and artificial intelligence. The study area is located in two municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The forest inventory was conducted in 125 sample units, measuring tree height and assessing phenotypic characteristics. Deep neural networks were used to evaluate their learning capabilities with variables obtained from traditional forest inventory and multispectral images. Five grayscale images, five reflectance images, 13 vegetation indices, and one leaf area index were used. Promising results were obtained in the biomass assessment, and the performance of deep neural networks was evaluated using RMSE, MAE, and R². This innovative approach has the potential to improve Eucalyptus forest inventory, offering an efficient and accurate alternative to the activity. The results obtained may contribute to scientific and technological progress in this area, aiming for proper forest management and improvement.

For agricultural and environmental applications of remote sensing images, it is essential to transform them into physical quantities. For this transformation, it is essential to calibrate the sensors on board the satellites to ensure the reliability of the results. This calibration can be performed in the laboratory before launch, or with the satellite in orbit through absolute or cross calibration. Cross calibration, which compares the response of two sensors exposed to similar incident radiation conditions, stands out for being more economical and for reducing associated uncertainties. In this study, cross calibration was performed between the OLI sensor of the Landsat 8 satellite (used as a reference) and the MUX sensor of CBERS-4A (to be calibrated), using images of the Salar de Uyuni region in Bolivia, the largest salt flat in the world, considered a suitable surface for the calibration of orbital sensors. The Digital Numbers (DNs) of samples from the same areas in both images were obtained for the visible and near-infrared spectral bands. The NDs of the OLI image were transformed into radiance (L) referenced to the top of the atmosphere (satellite level) and the calibration parameters of the MUX sensor were determined through linear regression. To validate the calibration parameters obtained, an exposed soil area with a homogeneous surface, located on the Seropédica campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), was used. The calibrated data from the CBERS-4A MUX sensor were corrected for atmospheric effects to obtain the reflectance values at the surface level. The atmospheric correction was performed using the 6S physical model and adapted for the atmospheric correction of satellite images. The surface reflectance data from the MUX sensor were compared with the reflectance values obtained in the field with the FieldSpec 4 Standard Resolution spectroradiometer. The calibration results compared with those obtained on the surface with the spectroradiometer, showed a maximum reflectance difference of 0.0297 in the blue band, 0.099 for the green band, 0.0072 for the red band and for the near infrared band, the maximum difference value obtained was -0.0128. The average differences for the blue, green, red and near infrared bands were respectively 0.0126, -0.0076, -0.0175 and -0.0513. Thus, the proposed cross-calibration methodology for the MUX sensor on board the CBERS-4A satellite using satellite-level data was satisfactory, providing the possibility of obtaining the surface reflectance of interest for environmental and agricultural applications.

The growing need to acquire new information and the exponential volume of data available on social media platforms have driven the development of efficient and reliable methods for collecting, structuring, and utilizing these data in scientific research and public policy formulation. This study proposes an innovative method that combines data collection bots and generative artificial intelligence tools to automate the preprocessing of data from platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and X.  The primary objective is to provide a system that reliably collects, semi-structures, and categorizes data while minimizing errors associated with AI hallucinations. The data, collected by bots and categorized by AI engines, are presented in a format suitable for advanced analyses and integration with Big Data tools.  The proposed method includes the use of bots for scanning and collecting posts, semi-structuring the collected information into files such as JSON, and categorizing the data using generative AI models. The AI does not generate new content but organizes existing data, ensuring the reliability of the process. This made it possible to generate a database with specific content (research-relevant topics parameterized in the system) extracted from social media. When subjected to Business Intelligence (BI) tools, this data forms a display layer with filtering capabilities based on aspects related to the classification of relevance to the researched topic. This, in itself, can result in significant time savings during the data preprocessing stage. The main results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient in automating data preprocessing, resulting in time savings and increased productivity. The categorization performed by the AI showed acceptable levels of precision and consistency, enabling integration with real-time analysis systems. The method proved particularly promising for generating structured data to be used in research and evidence-based policy formulation. In conclusion, the proposed method has the potential to become an essential tool for research that leverages social media data. Its application is recommended in large-scale studies and in combination with Big Data technologies to maximize its impact and reach.

University-business companies (U-C) have gained prominence in recent years, and in the Brazilian context, this type of cooperation has experienced significant growth. Universities have become key players in the innovation process, and the U-C partnership has become a way to accelerate the transition from the end of the research cycle to the beginning of the production cycle, as well as helping to dilute costs. In this way, the innovative process arises from continuous knowledge exchanges between different innovation agents. In this context, the government plays a key role in maintaining a governance structure conducive to partnerships. This relates to how the National Innovation System (NIS) is designed. In the Brazilian case, the SNI recognizes the importance of interaction between companies, universities, and the government, aligning with the Triple Helix model. Considering the context of the veterinary pharmaceutical industry, in the U-B interaction process, universities conduct basic research to support companies in directing applied research. In the Brazilian context, the relationships between universities and companies in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry are particularly intense during the product testing phase. This interaction is realized through the hiring of research centers, which can be public or private institutions. Therefore, the following central question arises: How do companies in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry engage with Brazilian universities to establish cooperation networks for the development of innovation projects? To answer this question, the research focuses on presenting a case study that involves the establishment of a cooperation network between a veterinary research laboratory at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and companies in the veterinary pharmaceutical industry. The general objective of the research is: To analyze the establishment of a cooperation network between the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and a veterinary research laboratory at UFRRJ for the development of innovation projects. To achieve the thesis's objective and answer the central question, the research was designed as descriptive and explanatory, with a qualitative approach and the research design of documentary analysis and case study. Data collection took place between 2019 and 2024, gathering primary and secondary data that contributed to the construction of the case study description and UFRRJ's governance structure. From the construction of the LQEPV cooperation network, it is observed that UFRRJ is in the early stages of enhancing its governance process for University-Business interaction. In the context of the case study, the entrepreneurial profile of researchers plays a key role in the development of connections with industry. From the described interaction process, it is evident that LQEPV has built an innovative ecosystem within UFRRJ, which can serve as an example for other laboratories and institutions. This ecosystem not only fosters cooperation between different departments and sectors, both internal and external to the university, but also strengthens research and technological development.

Mais de 820 milhões de pessoas no mundo ainda passavam fome em 2018. No Brasil, em 2022, 33 milhões de brasileiros passaram fome no Brasil, confirmando o grave cenário de insegurança alimentar no país. Essa realidade é agravada por três fatores: deficiência na distribuição de alimentos; desperdício de alimentos; pobreza e insegurança alimentar.  Mundialmente 1/3 de tudo que é produzido é jogado no lixo, em torno de 1,3 bilhão de toneladas de alimentos por ano, fato que preocupa todas as esferas de governo uma vez que o desperdício impacta diretamente a segurança alimentar. Uma das iniciativas para combater a perda e desperdício de alimentos é optar por alimentos produzidos localmente, apontando a agricultura familiar como grande aliada nesse combate. Investir na agricultura familiar pode ser considerada uma forma de aumentar a segurança alimentar, bem como a produção e a distribuição de alimentos para mercados locais e regionais, auxiliando no combate a perda e desperdício de alimentos. Para incentivar a incentivar a agricultura familiar no Brasil foi criado o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos, atualmente denominado Alimenta Brasil. Diante desse contexto buscou-se investigar como o PAA contribui para reduzir a PDA no Brasil.

A Extensão Rural brasileira foi marcada desde sua gênese, por um intenso processo de disputa político-ideológica. Ao longo das décadas, desde sua efetiva operacionalização com a concepção da ACAR/MG (Associação de Crédito e Assistência Rural) em 1949 e seu espraiamento pelos demais estados da federação ao longo dos anos cinquenta do século passado, esteve dividida entre a função social do extensionismo e o difusionismo de pacotes tecnológicos. A Revolução verde intensificou essa dicotomia, apontando um futuro nada promissor para o compromisso social pelo qual foi norteada a Extensão Rural originária. Com o processo neoliberal, o Estado brasileiro promoveu o esvaziamento do serviço de ATER (Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural), descentralizando, desativando, sucateando e precarizando a ATER governamental pública, chegando à terceirização dos serviços. O Projeto Lumiar foi a primeira experiência nesse sentido, inaugurado em 1997 no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, não teve futuro e foi desativado no ano 2000. Com o governo popular assumindo o poder central do país, os movimentos sociais do campo ascenderam com mais força e após seis anos de inatividade, a Extensão Rural para assentamentos de reforma agrária assume outra roupagem. A Assessoria Técnica, Econômica e Social (ATES) é apresentada como uma nova fórmula de atendimento às famílias assentadas. Contudo, a escassez de recursos em meio às crises políticas e institucionais culminaram com a precarização dos serviços e com o enfraquecimento do programa, sendo finalizado no ano de 2014. O Brasil não foi o único a sofrer com os processos de esvaziamento do Estado, em toda a América Latina a onda liberalizando sucateou e desmontou em graus variados a estrutura estatal. Em toda América Latina, os serviços de Extensão Rural também sofreram com as reformas implementadas pelos governos liberais. O presente estudo objetiva caracterizar a Extensão Rural a partir da análise do sucateamento e terceirização dos serviços da ATER pública, tendo como ponto de analise o estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil e a província de Córdoba na Argentina, descrevendo o esvaziamento dos serviços de ATER tanto do Brasil, a partir do ponto de vista dos(as) técnicos(as) de campo, das famílias assentadas, bem como dos(as) gestores(as) nas três esferas do poder público. Para tanto, lançaremos mão de entrevistas com questionários semiestruturados, além de análise documental de relatórios e da legislação pertinente, como métodos analíticos. Espera-se assim, a obtenção de dados que representem o quadro atual em que se encontra a Extensão Rural no Brasil, estado do Rio de Janeiro e como base comparativa, a Argentina, Província de Río Cuarto.

MARTINS, Adriana de Magalhães Chaves. Medicines and Spices of Guaratiba Island: a dialogue between ethnobotany and the local development, in the west zone of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 2023. 264 p. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Innovation in Agriculture). Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica/RJ, 2023.

 Traditional knowledge about the uses of flora is a cultural historical legacy of humanity. Despite the antiquity and importance of this knowledge, the scientific literature points to the existence of several processes of loss or erosion of traditional knowledge in relation to the identification, production and use of plant species by traditional rural communities and their descendants who reside in cities, either by the disappearance of species caused by deforestation or by the loss of cultural practices. The central problem of this research is the loss of traditional knowledge associated with the use of flora and the need to establish strategies for its maintenance. Its objective is to systematically record the knowledge of farmers of Ilha de Guaratiba and their descendants in the urban environment, about the identification and local uses attributed to medicinal, aromatic and spicy plants (MASPs), seeking to understand the role played by MASPs in the development strategies of the locality, which is the focus of intense urbanization processes and important from the environmental point of view. Work of this nature can be useful to advances related to the value chains of MASPs, as well as can contribute to the generation of alternatives for biodiversity conservation associated with local development, with income generation for local populations and with the processes of elaboration of public health policies. This is a qualitative-quantitative ethnobotanical research, carried out with field stages and following an interdisciplinary approach, typical of the field of ethnosciences. The work brings a socio-environmental diagnosis that makes an approximation to the area of study and its micro-regional configuration, in order to promote the understanding of local complexity, delimit the area of research and the universe of informants. In addition, the theoretical framework addressed involves topics such as the legal framework of medicinal plants in Brazilian public policies, the concepts of value chain and LPAs, the uses of MASPs made by the population, in order to support a reflection on the perspectives that this knowledge can bring to the locality. Among the main results are 142 species and 58 botanical families cited; 47 native species, 30.28% of which are from the Atlantic Forest; the most prominent species are Cymbopogon citratus (ISC 0.569) and Plectranthus barbatus (ISC 0.438); 291 groups of registered indications for use; the highest concordances of main use obtained were for Cymbopogon citratus (CUPc 92.31) and Lippia alba (CUPc 84.62); the main body systems treated are respiratory (31.82%), digestive (25%) and nervous (11.36%); the main form of use is medicinal tea for internal use and leaves as the most cited parts for preparations. The hypotheses outlined were partially confirmed. It is noticeable the cultural alteration and the loss of knowledge between the generations, being the main losses related to the species of difficult access. However, there is potential for the development of traditional commercial products, which would be of interest to research and the elaboration of local development strategies and income generation for the community. Education for the maintenance of this knowledge has an important role to play.

MELLO, Yasmin Ribeiro Molinari Mello. Possibilities of the soybean production chain in
the northern region of Rio de Janeiro: a case study in the municipality of Campos dos
Goytacazes-RJ. 2023. 95 f. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Innovation in
Agriculture). Dean of Research and Graduate Studies, Federal Rural University of Rio de
Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2023.
The municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, located in the northern region of the state of Rio
de Janeiro, has suffered from the anthropic pressure that affects it for decades. Economic
activities such as the cultivation of sugar cane, at first for the production of brandy/sugar and
later for the production of ethanol, as well as extensive livestock, configured and reconfigures

the landscape and local economic dynamics until the present day. Such activities carried out
without proper management, added to productive economic crises, led to their precariousness,
the impoverishment of a large part of the soil and consequently the decline of the local
economy. Agriculture (sugarcane and cattle) now represents an average of 94% of the total
income collected in the municipality. In addition to these, other permanent and/or temporary
production systems also show high degrees of fragility. On the other hand, the low
opportunities for growth within the municipality itself have fostered a rural exodus that
intensifies each year. Given this, one can see the urgency of thinking about a new production
chain with a view to trying to solve the long-standing economic problem. The central problem
of the research resides in the fact that the removal of vegetation cover for the implantation of
immense areas of pasture and crops of sugar cane and other cultures, has been causing
problems to the climatic and edaphic systems and caused serious damage to the local
economy. It is worth noting that after the closure of the sugarcane mills, no other source of
income for local producers was considered. As hypotheses, we assume that the insertion of
crops such as soybeans, based on sustainable production practices, could increase the gains of
the local agricultural sector, in addition to a good transport infrastructure and the existence of
animal and human food industries located in the state. from Rio de Janeiro that use soy and its
derivatives as one of the raw materials. In this sense, this research has the general objective of
demonstrating the commercial and logistical possibilities of the soybean production chain in
the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes. As specific objectives, carry out a survey of the
soybean consumer market in the agricultural sector of the state of Rio de Janeiro; present the
modes of transport in the state of Rio de Janeiro and point out the location of the feed and
human food industries that use soy as a raw material. Thus, this research is justified because
the sugarcane production chain is in a precarious state and with low productivity, with a
decline of 150 thousand hectares of planted area in 25 years. About 60% of these lands were
reused for cattle breeding in a period of 30 years. Soy emerges as an alternative in order to
reduce the strong dependence on sugarcane, in addition to taking advantage of degraded areas
with the insertion of sustainable production models. As a methodology, a bibliographic
research was carried out; a survey of socioeconomic data; The production of graphics about
the producers; The production of maps was made from rasters and vectors from the Rural
Environmental Registry - CAR; Map Biomes; Geographic Database - Academic Maps; IBGE
Geospatial Database, TOPO DATA – INPE and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food
Supply - MAPA. For the RGB composition, images from the LANDSAT 8 satellite were used,
with the B04 bands (red), with a spectral resolution of 0.64 - 0.67µm; B03 (green) with
spectral resolution of 0.53 - 0.59µm and B02 (blue) with spectral resolution of 0.45 - 0.51µm.
Produced by the Operational Land Imager - OLI sensor with a spatial resolution of 30m and
an imaged area of 170 x 183km and a radiometric resolution of 16bits. Thus, the research was
able to demonstrate that the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes has an extensive
potential area for agricultural production, as well as the importance of soybean production in
the state, being a supplier of raw material for a regional industrial park, which comprises the
production of feed and supplements for animals and human food, reducing the dependence of
these industries on other states.

This work presents an innovative optimization system, based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, designed to improve agricultural efficiency, with an emphasis on minimizing the consumption of natural resources and inputs, including the use water efficiency. The main objective is to maximize net income from agricultural production, considering limited resources. A feature of this system is its versatility, as it can be easily used on smartphones, making it accessible to a wider audience. Furthermore, it stands out for its speed in obtaining results, making decision-making more agile and effective. The PSO algorithm acts as the backbone of this system, allowing it to find a balance between input consumption and harvest yield in agricultural crops. The results obtained were compared with data from the literature, especially for crops such as iceberg lettuce and melon, and were shown to be compatible or, in some cases, superior. It is concluded that this tool not only offers reliable support for economic decision-making in agriculture, but is also accessible, quickly and easily adaptable to different types of inputs and mobile devices and supports the rapid introduction of new production functions, regardless of of the number of inputs to be considered.

The thesis proposes to carry out a study of the poultry production system for family, colonial or free-range breeding of laying hens, and meat and eggs, which is an activity traditionally practiced on rural properties, representing an important niche in the valorization of small producers. , as a food source and alternative source of income generation, in contrast to Brazilian commercial or industrial poultry farming, recognized worldwide due to the sanitary status of poultry flocks and the commercialization of their products. In other words, application of the “Biosecurity and Animal Welfare Diagnosis for Poultry Production Systems”, in small-scale production of up to 1000 birds and/or 3600 eggs/day in the states of Bahia in 15 (fifteen) properties distributed in the municipalities of Capela and Pintadas, and in Rio de Janeiro on 1 (one) property in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. This diagnosis, summarized in a checklist/questionnaire of exploratory production characteristics comparing different poultry activities and productions, seeking from the field diagnosis to establish proposals for procedures related to the production system, biosecurity, flock health, surveillance and control health and environmental, animal welfare, cost and investment control, as well as product marketing, among others, being the basis for carrying out future work. The methodology adopted was qualitative and analytical in nature, in the bibliographic review of specialized academic publications, legislation and technical manuals. The importance of associations and cooperativism should be encouraged, in addition to the regularization of the production system and egg storage with added value to the final product, where remote diagnosis in the field proved to be an important instrument in the proposal for structuring activities and development of software applications that record sanitary, production and financial procedures and controls, through the structuring of specific training to improve local poultry farming.

Agricultural production in areas with irregular and sloping reliefs causes different problems related to the operation of agricultural machines, such as erosion processes in the soil, high severity work accidents and underuse of the machine. A used way in the management of the spatial variability of the relief is Precision Agriculture (PA), because, by identifying the slopes, strategies can be developed to mitigate the obstacles when mechanizing crops that are located in places with steep slopes. In this way, three relevant aspects were identified regarding the related facts: how to optimize the use of the land in a sustainable way; how to protect the mechanized set from accidents by side overturning and; finally, how to provide an increase in the land suitable for mechanization. An important tool used in the PA for different purposes is the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and thus, this work aims to use this technology to carry out a previous mapping of the relief before the start of mechanized activities. However, there was a limitation regarding the aspects of agricultural mechanization related to maximum operational slope, due to the high safety factor used in agricultural activity, in the order of 50% of its operational slope limit. Four distinct areas were measured by topographic and aerial photogrammetric surveys, with average slopes of 38.4%, 41.2%, 6.5% and 6.3%. The methodology used included the steps of quality control of geospatial data according to the ET-CQDG standard, recommendation of the geospatial product obtained according to the ASPRS standard, analysis of the altimetric accuracy of the relief, monitoring of slope differences and analysis of similarity of the curves level using the Hausdorff distance. A database was set up, which allowed the use of the results for applications concerning the PA. The obtained products reached according to the ET-CQDG planimetric and altimetric classification as class A for scales 1:500 and 1:1000 with distances between the contour lines of 0.50 m and 1 m. These products fit the recommendation entitled standard mapping and GIS work, according to the ASPRS standard. The altimetric accuracy obtained at the 95% of confident level for the four study areas were respectively 0.265 m, 0.178 m, 0.145 m and 0.096 m. The similarity analysis by the Hausdorff distance showed the best results for areas with strong undulating relief and the worst for areas with smooth undulating relief. For the determination of the new factor of safety, related to the maximum operational slope, the adjusted value of 5% was obtained among the results of the slope differences in a confident level of 95%. We have used Fault Tree Analysis based on a hypothetical work accident, and it has presented the altimetric prediction as a decreasing measure of the unwanted event. A prototype of the operational safety computer system was patterned for agricultural machines. According to the analyzes presented, the slope maps with contour lines and spatial resolution of 0.20 m developed, showed slope differences in the order of 4.3% at the 95% confident level in the most critical situation, enabling its use in agricultural machinery control systems, thus optimizing the mechanized process, increasing the percentage of mechanized areas, providing the conscious using of the soil and preventing accidents due to side overturning of the mechanized set.

This thesis presents the Japanese remigration to Rio de Janeiro, from 1938, as a Varguist public policy of regular landlord occupation and productivity of agricultural goods in space of part of the carioca West Zone. Over the second half of the XX century, and so on, the industrialization and real estate pressure passed to everyday of these rural areas, that resists to the time and permeate the past of public policies. As assumptions of this thesis: (a) Interest by the Japanese experience with the cultivation and the importance of Santa Cruz by the then Federal Capital; (b) The Federal Government (1930-1945) used the Japanese labor in Santa Cruz with the objective of occupy the land neatly in the region in view of the abandonment of the Fazenda Santa Cruz after the Proclamation of the Republic; (c) The industrialization and urbanization were the main causes of the decharacterization of the Agricultural Colonial Center of Santa Cruz, as previously rural areas suffered from the advance of companies and housing complexes, following a development model implemented by the Federal Government from the 1970`s onwards. , which persist in space and time in recent years. The main objective of the thesis is: to analyze the Japanese (re)migration to Rio de Janeiro, from a multidimensional perspective of public policies, implemented in the 1930`s and 1940`s and which generated immediate effects, and which extend to the current context in the fluminense socioeconomic situation. The specific objectives are as follows: (a) Contextualize, under a historical and geographical perspective, the background and arrival of Japanese migrant labor in Brazil and, more specifically, in Rio de Janeiro from its origins in the Asian country to your local installation; (b) Analyze the decisions of the Federal Government (1930-1945) about the incentives and attraction of Japanese immigrants to Rio de Janeiro and the respective public policies adopted to strengthen the occupation in Santa Cruz; (c) Expose and evaluate the process of emptying of the public policy for agricultural production in Santa Cruz from the 1970`s to the present, as well as the change in the national economic situation that impacted the local socioeconomic scenario in the aforementioned periods. As for the method used, it is a qualitative research, bibliographic research of descriptive, exploratory, and investigative on the space analyzed due to the persistence of local agricultural activities founded at the end of the 1930`s and which are present in the imagination of the fluminense capital. Today the real estate pressure on these properties is at an advanced level in all regions around the former agricultural colony, whether for industries or homes. These factors converge to the assumptions presented, confirming them about the occupation of space by Japanese labor, policies of regular subdivision of land and production of various crops under the responsibility of family farmers in a period in which large landholding monoculture predominated. It was also shown that, despite the strong pressure and depletion of agricultural cultivation, the local agrarian sector persists.

In the municipality of Petrópolis, located in the Mountain Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the rural community of Bonfim, established in a mountain environment, has family agriculture as its main activity, with the production of vegetable crops, especially leafy ones, and of flowers and cut foliage, besides ecotourism. The are is in process of land regularization, conducted by the Land and Cartography Institute of Rio de Janeiro – Iterj, and with the intermediation of the Federal Public Ministry – MPF, during which conflicts with the National Park of Serra dos Órgãos – Parnaso due to the inclusion of the community inside the park boundaries have hampered the advance of actions. This work aimed to analyze the agricultural dynamic in the rural community of Bonfim and to what extend can the land regularization contribute to a sustainable agriculture in the buffe zone of conservation units, specially in mountain environments. The research was developed based on the use of information triangulation, obtained from a collection and critical analysis of secondary data, of semi-structure interviews with key actors related to the studied communities, and of participant observation, and it used the case study as a methodological base, in a predominantly qualitative approach, but also using, although in a smaller scale, a qualitative one. The community was formed by the occupation of the former Bonfim Farm, after the decline of the owners’ business. The first families to occupy the area were farmers with little or no land to work on, coming specially from a neighbor rural community. Currently, the main occupation of the families is agriculture (56.56%), with vegetable crops present in 76.81%, and the production of cut leaves and foliage present in 13.04% of the families’ activities. The study also observed an improper use of pesticides, besides the excessive use of high solubility fertilizers. On the other hand, it verified initiatives and opportunities for the adoption of managing practices that are recommended by agroecology. As for the collection of production costs, based on them, the study identified profits between 35.13 and 91.66%, with the lower value for lettuce in summer cultivation, and the highest one for branchy broccoli during fall and spring. It also observed practices, cultivations, and creation, including subsistence ones, which were abandoned with time, characterizing a higher dependence of agricultural activity of external supplies and a distancing from the peasant logic of production. Regarding the environmental and land issues, the community’s ability of collective organization was determining to strengthen it and for its resistance, a characteristic that contributes to recognizing the family’s right of permanence in the MPF area, which started to intermediate the process in favor of the community. The collective organization has also gained space in the legislative scope, with the elaboration of a bill to make the community disaffected by the Park. For now, the community has a Term of Commitment signed with Parnaso about the use of the occupied area. There were considerable points of complexity in the process of land regularization, however, it was possible to also observe moments when Iterj presented difficulties in articulating its actions. Currently, there is in the Public Defense a documentation referring to 67 plots occupied by the community’s families for filling actions of adverse possession. Lastly, overcoming an exclusively preservationist view, it is concluded that there is opportunity to include actions based on agroecology and aimed at a sustainable agriculture for the rural communities mistakenly inserted or established in the buffer zone of conservation units of integral protection.

BARROSO, Claudia Bastos. Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de Isatina, outros derivados e extratos de espécies vegetais em linhagens de Campylobacter spp. 2022. 101 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Agropecuária). Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, 2022.

Campylobacter é um importante patógeno zoonótico, distribuído mundialmente, e causador de gastroenterites em humanos transmitido por alimentos (Campilobacteriose). Nesse sentido, as pesquisas com Campylobacter sp. em carnes de frango assumem relevância no Brasil, devido a sua atuação como o maior exportador mundial. Isto é agravado, quando a antibioticoterapia se faz necessária e o Campylobacter já tem desenvolvido vários mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana. Na lista da OMS, o Campylobacter é um dos patógenos de alta prioridade  para o desenvolvimento de novas alternativas aos antimicrobianos já existentes. Assim, as plantas medicinais são alternativas relevantes para o uso em alimentos ou como controle de agentes patogênicos, devido a sua alta potência e efeitos colaterais reduzidos. Com este objetivo foram estudadas 39 amostras, dentre elas extratos vegetais brutos e frações, isatina comercial, óleos essenciais, produtos naturais isolados e derivados sintéticos como possíveis agentes antibacterianos frente a linhagens de Campylobacter spp. A metodologia usada para a triagem das amostras foi o teste de Disco-Difusão. As amostras foram submetidas as cepas de Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, utilizadas como padrão do teste Disco-Difusão, e Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560. Os resultados parciais mostraram que das 39 amostras avaliadas, apenas a isatina, mostrou atividade antibacteriana frente a cepa de C. jejuni ATCC. A partir do resultado satisfatório obtido com a isatina foi determinado a  Concentração Mínima Inibitória pela técnica de microdiluição em microplaca  em 30  linhagens de Campylobacter spp. selecionadas  na coleção de CCAMP, incluindo a cepa padrão Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560. Dentre as linhagens de Campylobacter analisadas, verificou-se que o MIC=8 µg/mL foi encontrado em 76% (23) das cepas testadas. O MIC=16 µg/mL foi encontrado em 17% (5) das cepas, e 7% (2) apresentaram MIC<1 µg/mL. Já as Concentrações Bactericidas Mínimas (MBC) mostraram que 73% (22) das cepas apresentaram MBC= 16 µg/mL, 20% (6) foram  MBC=8,0 µg/mL e 7% (2) foram MBC <1,0 µg/mL. O teste para determinar o valor de IC₅₀ em células da linhagem MRC-5 apresentou-se satisfatório até a concentração de 128 µg/mL. Este estudo demonstra  o potencial da  atividade da isatina em relação as espécies de Campylobacter, onde concentrações muito baixas desta substância foram capazes de agir frente as bactérias deste gênero. Vários autores estudam a relação dos extratos, óleos essenciais e derivados isolados de plantas frente a diversas bactérias patogênicas, mas em relação ao Campylobacter, esse estudo é quase inexistente. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a necessidade de aprofundar as pesquisas não só com a isatina mas, também, procurar opções de novas substâncias com potencial atividade para o controle de infecções bacterianas, além de redução dos efeitos colaterais apresentados pelos antibióticos de uso clínico.

This thesis describes the processes of deterritorialization underway in the Itaguaí Identity Territory (TIdI), located in the state of Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, analyzing how a series of multiple impacts affect not only the region, but especially the traditional local communities of farmers family and artisanal fishermen. In this scenario, it was presented as problematic the occurrence of a sequence of transformations exogenous to space, motivated by industrial, port and extractive enterprises and mega-enterprises. The assumptions of this thesis are: (a) the territory has been systematically undergoing hard exploratory processes related to the injection of capital (national and international), impacting the local biome and not complying (sometimes) with legal normative determinations; (b) it is conjectured that transformations in space are driving changes in the natural socio-cultural and economic identity of the local population; (c) there were / are unsatisfactory public and social policies, of a participatory and dialogic nature, in the territory; (d) the sum of deregulated marketing practices has led to impacts on the socioeconomic identity of traditional TIdI communities; (e) there is the possibility of a process of reterritorialization of space (in the medium / long term) arising from the promotion of public and social policies, executed in a horizontal manner, based on the direct participation of local civil society. The central objective of this thesis is to investigate how (and if) the exogenous changes to the territory significantly impacted the rural sub-territories of TIdI, leading the region to a process of deterritorialization. As specific objectives, the following stand out: (a) Present TIdI and its rural sub-territories as spaces that exhibit socioeconomic, indemnity, and historical-cultural structures typical of traditional local communities; (b) Identify the traditional communities of artisanal fishermen and family farmers existing in the territory, explaining how (and if) participatory and dialogical actions of public and social policies occur; (c) Analyze and present in what ways the impacts on the territory led the region to a process of deterritorialization, compromising (including) the continuity of the traditional local communities; (d) Indicate purposefully, based on the participation of local civil society, sustainable and solidary alternatives (new or in progress), whose purpose is to promote actions that mitigate the multiple impacts underway in the territory. The method used for this research is the exploratory ethnographic one through the qualitative approach, for that it was used the triangulation of methods and data collection as: (i) documentary analysis (telematic and normative bibliography), (ii) participant observation and ( iii) semi-structured interviews, with the purpose of investigating and interpreting the territory and the traditional local communities in an investigative way. It was verified (from the results obtained) the confirmation of the assumptions initially assumed, as it was evidenced an advanced process of deterritorialization and the transformation of TIdI into a sacrifice zone; largely due to a sequence of socio-environmental impacts resulting from a strictly market exploitation external to the site, which may (if no action is taken) culminate in the obliteration of space-time and the transformation of the territory into a non-place; threatening (as a consequence) the survival of traditional local communities of artisanal fishermen and family farmers. The existence of possibilities for local reterritorialization was also presented, based on the horizontal and dialogical application of public and social policies, henceforth the effective participation of the local civil society.

This thesis discusses the socioeconomic, political and institutional organization of the Traditional Quilombola Communities - TQCs in dealing with internal and external issues established in their territories in order to find mechanisms for productive inclusion that generate autonomous and sustainable income and experiences of resistance and achievements by political articulation or social control. It was noticed that such sustainability is intrinsically linked to the need to take social actors’ leading role in the process of management and social control in matters of their interests, including public policies. The final objective of the thesis is to identify how the socioeconomic, political and institutional organization of traditional quilombola communities takes place and how they are articulated with social actors within the community and with other public and private institutions outside the territory, in the search for a sustainable form and sustained by living in their territory, respecting their identity and way of life and the principles come first. In order to answer this wider question the thesis brought up an approach between theory and practice (i) from a theoretical perspective, it sought to build a theoretical reference set of public policies in general and especially those related to TQCs;  of social control and management  and local development, serving as a basis for the interpretation of the social organizations of the TQCs;  (ii) from an empirical perspective, it synthesized, from multiple case studies in the TQCs surveyed and, subsequently, content analysis through categorizations, the way in which the agency of these communities on matters of their interest occurs and how this agency works. influence the appropriation and guarantee of their rights contained in legislation and public policies. In line with these two perspectives, the main aspects discussed are summarized below. The methodology used was a qualitative approach based on the critical analysis of reality that answers very particular questions with a level of reality that cannot be quantified, approaching a Multiple Case Study comparing social relations of the TQCs surveyed. Was sought to meet the research’s objectives using document analysis and content analysis from the perspective of Bardin (2011); using categorical analysis as a method. As this is a qualitative research, a semi-structured interview was chosen as a data collection instrument. The thesis' problematic involved the central assumption that the TQCs with the greatest capacity for self-sustainability are those that manage to strengthen their networks and articulations with actors that are internal and external to the territory, seeking partnerships with government, market and institutions. This assumption was further divided into five components: the first pointed out that quilombola communities, through residents' associations and the like, participate in the dynamics of public spheres, but not all of them manage to legitimize, recognize and be recognized and qualify as civis society organized to actually monitor public policies, as failure to monitor local public policies can compromise citizen participation in these communities. The second considered that only the internal social organization does not guarantee the protagonist role of actors in monitoring public policies.  For this, it is necessary to seek partnerships and networks, at different levels, in order to obtain external support for the exercise of social control. The third component is that the way of life in the community as a social unit facilitates the organizing and participatory capacity of quilombos. The fourth component indicated that the lack of access to and distance of TQCs from government programs is due to the lack of public policies aimed at valuing the products and selling them in the internal market of the municipalities; as well as the historical devaluation of African culture, and the insistent denial of this culture by an integral part of Brazilian identity. The fifth component assumed that the TQCs strategically make use of pluriactivity, that is, varied actions and initiatives, as an income alternative, in addition to agricultural activities, but not detached from this activity: handicrafts, community-based tourism, cultural activities, etc. In order to reach the final objective and answer the central assumption and its consequences, the interview script was prepared taking as a parameter the four main axes of public policy actions for quilombola communities according to the Quilombola Social Agenda: access to land; infrastructure and quality of life; productive inclusion and local development; and rights and citizenship. These axes were then combined with seven categories of analysis, four categories based on Tenório's (2008) deliberative citizenship criteria: process of discussion, inclusion, autonomy and common good and three other categories established based on the analytical references presented by Perico (2009): territorial cohesion, sustainability and cultural diversity. The results showed that the central assumption that the TQCs with the greatest capacity for self-sustainment are those that are able to strengthen their networks and articulations with actors inside and outside the territory are confirmed. The institutions that contributed the most are those that raise and increase the production and exchange of knowledge, such as the BIG Collegiate, FCT, ACQUILERJ, OTSS/Fiocruz, among others. Of all the communities analyzed, only the Campinho da Independência Community has the capacity for self-sustainment, since, even though they do not find government support and encouragement, through specific public policies for traditional quilombola communities, which aim at territorial strategies to achieve development sustainable, respecting the mode and specificity of the CTQs, the Comunidade do Campinho was able to reinvent itself and look for means of survival. In this way, it was only through networks and articulations, with actors that were internal and external to the territory, that they were able to strengthen themselves as a traditional quilombola community, legitimizing themselves as active actors in monitoring public policies. It was noticed that the desired sustainability is intrinsically linked to the need for the role of local actors in the process of management and social control, in matters of their interests, including public policies.

VIEIRA, Sérgio. Case Study of Self-Audit Certification in Agricultural Laboratories at UFRRJ Before the ABNT-ISO Standards as a Tool for the Development of Institutional Public Policies. 2020. 310 p. Thesis (Doctorate in Science, Technology and Innovation in Agriculture). Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2020.

The world scenario, in recent decades, has been transformed by a phenomenon called globalization, which arises from the need to intensify trade relations between countries and organizations in order to achieve greater development. The increase in these relationships, in turn, is closely related to a constant search for quality and efficiency. Based on the above, this thesis work was conceived using the facilities of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), located in Seropédica, in the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) as a case study model. The objective of this work was to carry out a survey of the existing conditions in the agricultural facilities of the institution, to diagnose non-conformities before the requirements of ISO standards and to establish a traceable method that would allow to meet the requirements, and to submit the elaborated methods to the audit to obtain Self-Audit certification. The methodology described involved the survey and data collection of the Setor de Grandes Culturas of the Departamento de Fitotecnia of the UFRRJ (SGC-DEFITO / UFRRJ), object of the case study, and consisted of research of the processes used, survey of the layout of the laboratories under study , interviews with employees, training of servers in management system and survey of technical data of the work environment. Non-conformities were diagnosed, based on the legal requirements of ABNT ISO standards and the Integrated Management System (SGI) methodology was described. In possession of the results and with the elaborated methods, a SGI audit of the ABNT ISO standards was requested and the facilities object of study were applied for the Self-Audit certification, obtaining the silver certification. The certification of implementation of the elaborated methods, in turn, was not the objective of this thesis work, due to the necessary terms and investments, however, it needs to be encouraged in order to achieve the potential benefits. It can be concluded, therefore, that the certification of SGC-DEFITO / UFRRJ will be a driving tool for the development of institutional policies focused on renewal, insertion of values, continuous qualification of employees, increased efficiency and operational sustainability, closer relations between public-public and public-private institutions, development of a sustainable culture among the different expertise that make up the university, and constant search for excellence in the quality of products and services provided and offered.

Governments, companies and researchers are developing Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) to improve all processes of production, management, dissemination and use of geographic data. The Universities are beginning to follow this method, there are efforts to develop Academic SDI, which can be expanded and adapted for multiple purposes. Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) revolutionized the process of creating geographic data, increased the volume of digital data and facilitated the discovery of new information, but there are still several challenges to define or improve the VGI quality. There are researches that aim to build an SDI with support for VGI data. In this work, the computational part of the Academic SDI IDE-UFRRJ was developed. The main system developed was the Geopost, which is a VGI system integrated with the Geonetwork, Geoserver and social network Facebook. The IDE-UFRRJ supports official and voluntary data. All IDE-UFRRJ data are documented with metadata using the MGB profile and/or with dynamic metadata using the DM4VGI. Voluntary data in addition to text attributes can have points, lines and/or polygons as geometry, as well as extra digital media such as photos, files and url links. In this VGI system, there is also support for direct collection of voluntary data in the GeoJSON and KML format. The software Geopost has a recommendation system based on the user’s profile and behavior, as well as tools for data analysis. All systems are working online and any citizen can contribute or access public data. Various VGI data were collected, evaluated and disseminated to various citizens. Thus, aiming at a better integration between the University and the citizen, besides helping in the perpetuation and dissemination of the knowledge generated in a University. The entire methodology used for the computational scope of IDE-UFRRJ can be reused for the construction of other academic IDEs. In addition, it will be possible to build Geopost customizations for agriculture or for the integration of information between countries, as in the case of Mercosur.

The aim of this study is to develop technical-scientific methodologies for the analysis of environmental services in conservation units – UC. The conservation unit chosen for this study was the first one created in Brazil, Itatiaia National Park – PNI. The Matrix part of this study corroborated with “Brazilian Matrix for Eco systemic Services - 2015 Economical Mechanisms and Incentives” and includes one extra service which is the development of researches and studies of the Brazilian CUs and the creation of new economical instruments and mechanisms, such as the Forest+ Program/Portaria 288/2020. This program helps perfect and develop new tools for Payment for Environmental Services Programs (PES) covering all Brazilian biomes. The services observed and assessed in the Matrix were present in many overlays and coexistence, causing duplicity in the results, inherent to the studies related to the local biodiversity. As mentioned, the main PESs part of PARNA Itatiaia, focused mainly on: Carbon sequestration and storage – Aiming the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions (GE); Biodiversity Conservation – Aiming the preservation and restoration of ecosystems; Water Services – Aiming water quality and quantity; Scenic Beauty – Projects focused on preserving the natural landscape for tourism, leisure, and nature appreciation. Development of researches and studies related to the exosystemic services generated directly and indirectly in the Brazilian CUs. – Aiming studies and mapping of the Brazilian CUs, also understanding the direct and indirect services related to health and quality of life of people in these areas, and Public Use – Concession of the park, modeling for its operational and administrative management. The methodology developed will need adjustments, in case of application in the future. The generated and calculated economical values, called Conservation Units Gross Domestic Product – CUsGDP, may be internalized and use as a reference to determinate these indications. PARNA Itatiaia has a CUsGDP of R$ 4.925.485.714,29 (Four billion, nine hundred and twentyfive million, four hundred eighty-five thousand, seven hundred fourteen reals and nine cents). This valuation can and will increase highly, considering the environmental services studied individually. Although, this estimation creates new opportunities to potential UCs sponsors, which is an actual problem in all resorts. Knowing about the need for financial sponsoring and maintenance, this amount can be incorporated by the private companies and other organizations, which need to prove their environmental performance, as well as take part in the “Socioenvironmental Review or Social and Environmental Review” of enterprises, part of the Forest+ Program, Portaria 288/2020 Ministry of Environment – ME. 

The agrarian history of Rio de Janeiro helps to understand and shows that the cultural hybridizations potentialized with the public policy of colonization with nineteenth-century immigrants, contemplated mountain environments and contributed to its agrobiodiversity. These regions today have an important role in food production in that state.The objective of this work was to analyze the efficiency and seek to understand the dynamics of the Fluminense agricultural production, using quantitative variables, studying with emphasis the agrobiodiversity. The Data Envelopment Analysis methodology was chosen for the calculation of efficiency indices, since it allows a multidimensional analysis, does not require subjective decisions for weight assignments, it is possible to incorporate the selected variables and to facilitate the desired evaluation in this study. Two output-oriented DEA-BCC models were applied. Area cultivated in hectares, machine hours, man days and total external inputs in reais were the inputs; different number of items produced and billing in reais, the outputs. The study was divided into three chapters, the first being a review of the literature on the agro-environmental history of the study region, highlighting the characteristics and policies that contributed to the current state of agriculture in the state. In the second chapter, in a macro analysis, it was verified the distribution of the efficiency indices revealed, as a function of the altitudes, of the eighty-five producing municipalities, throughout the state, in the year 2015. The results showed that of the twelve municipalities identified as efficient, eleven (91,7%) practice agriculture in mountain environments. The third chapter deals with a case study of a group of farmers, where the behavior of the efficiency of productive units was evaluated, in the months of the year, in Teresópolis. This municipality presented a prominent position in the macro analysis described in the second part of this work. Thus, in the Agroecological Association of Teresópolis (AAT), was identified the farmers with the best practices, allowing the understanding of the strategies that contributed to the stability of the efficiency, over time. Interactions between agricultural crops can optimize the use of space, labor, machinery and inputs. The proposed evaluation system valued and acknowledged the work of the farmer and his performance, and can contribute to improve efficiency, disseminate good practices of efficient producers, assist management and direct public policies for the improvement of agriculture and its relations between production, environment and commercialization

 A pesquisa parte da perspectiva de que os atributos tangíveis e intangíveis podem ancorar uma estratégia de desenvolvimento territorial, pois contem particularidades que diferenciam o território. Em Minas Gerais, região sudeste do Brasil, a Serra da Mantiqueira é uma cadeia montanhosa que reúne condições especiais que contribuem para o desenvolvimento territorial, sendo conhecida pelo seu típico clima de montanhas, com estâncias hidrominerais, e onde o turismo marca em grande medida o dinamismo da atividade econômica da região. Ademais, a região da Serra da Mantiqueira produz um dos mais premiados cafés do Brasil. É neste contexto que se insere o registro da Indicação Geográfica do “Café da Região da Serra da Mantiqueira de Minas Gerais”, obtido em 2011 na modalidade de Indicação de Procedência. Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar como o café da Serra da Mantiqueira pode promover o desenvolvimento territorial, tendo como base a inovação representada pela proteção de propriedade industrial da Indicação Geográfica. A suposição é de que a Indicação Geográfica do café promove o desenvolvimento da região, tendo como pressupostos as inovações e o ambiente institucional. A metodologia empregada é de cunho qualitativo, uma vez que o levantamento de dados teve como base a percepção das pessoas entrevistadas acerca do fenômeno estudado. Em relação aos fins, a pesquisa consistiu-se em descritiva, pois narra as peculiaridades de uma determinada população. É explicativa pois tem como objetivo identificar fatores que favorecem o acontecimento de fenômenos. É ainda aplicada, uma vez que busca resolver problemas concretos. Quanto aos meios, a pesquisa é bibliográfica, pois o estudo desenvolveu-se com base em materiais publicados, principalmente em livros e artigos científicos. É também documental, uma vez que foram analisados documentos da Associação de Produtores de Café da Serra da Mantiqueira. Ademais, a presente pesquisa baseou-se em uma pesquisa de Campo, onde foi realizado um levantamento de informações por meio de entrevistas. Constituiu-se, também, em um estudo de caso, em que foi analisada somente uma região, que no caso, corresponde ao Café da Serra da Mantiqueira, localizada no Sul de Minas Gerais. Como resultado, verificou-se que a obtenção do registro de Indicação Geográfica e as contínuas melhorias no processo de produção possibilitam aos pequenos e médios produtores rurais o acesso a mercados mais sofisticados tanto no ambiente interno quanto externo, gerando maior rentabilidade. Ademais, a produção de cafés especiais permitem: geração de empregos; preservação do saber fazer e da biodiversidade; melhoria na qualidade de vida dos produtores e empregados; aumento do interesse dos filhos e parentes em continuar na produção de cafés e, por fim, incremento do turismo na região.

Agriculture in the mountainous environments of the Serrana Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro -

Brazil) and Alpa Corral (Córdoba - Argentina) can benefit from actions that enable

agroecological alternatives. For this, it is necessary to understand the territories,

technical, economic and environmental aspects that enable the productive process of

agroecosystems. It begins with the detailed understanding of what agroecosystems are and

the hypothesis that their description by diagramming facilitates the visualization of the

informational complex involved in the economic and technical management of the family

units of production. These are technological proposals that favor the agroecological

transition with emphasis on participatory management, accompanied by comparisons

about actions and methodologies that enable and encourage the implementation and

conduction of agroecological projects in mountain environments of the Serrana

Fluminense (Rio de Janeiro - Brazil) and the Region of Alpa Corral (Córdoba - Argentina).

The main methodological basis was the modeling of agroecosystems. For that, flow

diagrams of agroecosystems were established, including technical and ecological system -

represented by input and output diagram; economic system and monetary and non-

monetaryincomes. From the establishment of these flows in agroecological units of

production, conventional and in transition, the analysis of these agroecosystems was

carried out, in order to identify socioeconomic aspects that contribute to the sustainability

of these environments.

As constantes atualizações das Instruções Normativas IN-51, IN-62, IN-07, estendendo os prazos para seu efetivo cumprimento e flexibilizando os limites de qualidade exigidos mostram a insipiência da produção de leite de boa qualidade no Brasil. A mastite é um dos principais desafios encontrados nos rebanhos leiteiros, e entre as principais ferramentas utilizadas para o seu controle está a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS), um importante indicador de saúde da glândula mamária, relacionada com queda na quantidade e qualidade do leite produzido, redução na qualidade e rendimento dos derivados lácteos e diminuição da vida de prateleira dos produtos. Contagens acima de 200 mil células/mL de leite indicam mastite, em sua maioria causada por agentes infecciosos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi aplicar um instrumento diagnóstico visando traçar o perfil da atividade leiteira em cada propriedade, avaliar as condições higiênico-sanitárias no processo de ordenha e a execução do programa dos 10 pontos de controle da mastite bovina, bem como avaliar a saúde da glândula mamária, através de análises de CCS e cultura bacteriana e identificar o perfil de resistência aos antimicrobianos dos agentes isolados. Foram avaliadas 14 propriedades, as quais receberam 135 visitas técnicas, resultando em 5.631 análises de CCS e 445 análises de cultura bacteriológica. Em 30,8% (137/445) das amostras não houve crescimento bacteriano. Foram obtidos 309 isolados e os agentes prevalentes foram Streptococcus spp. e Staphylococcus aureus. A distribuição de S. aureus foi em 100% (14/14) das propriedades leiteiras e 65% das vacas que apresentaram este agente tiveram ao menos uma análise de CCS acima de um milhão. O perfil de resistência antimicrobiana nesta espécie foi superior a 30% para ampicilina, ciprofloxacina, eritromicina, gentamicina, neomicina, penicilina G e sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim. Para Streptococcus spp. observou-se resistência superior a ;50% para eritromicina e sulfametoxazol + trimetoprim. A análise do instrumento diagnóstico revelou que 71% (10/14) dos produtores não conheciam as causas de mastite na propriedade, contabilizando apenas os prejuízos causados pela mastite clínica, com a drástica queda de produção, além disso, o manejo de ordenha apresentava falhas em diferentes aspectos em todas as propriedades estudadas. Os resultados observados destacam a implementação do programa de 10 pontos como uma excelente ferramenta para diagnóstico, prevenção e controle da mastite bovina e reforça a necessidade de se conscientizar os produtores que um bom trabalho realizado “porteira adentro” permite melhores resultados zootécnicos com aumento de produtividade, melhoria na saúde animal e consequentemente melhor preço no produto final.

As leishmanioses constituem um grave problema de saúde pública mundial, são causadoras de grande deformidade, morbidade e mortalidade, pela sua característica limitante, pela dificuldade de acesso e adesão ao tratamento, pela falta de investimentos na criação de novos fármacos pela indústria farmacêutica e políticas sociais ineficientes. O tratamento utilizado não é satisfatório em relação a efetividade e toxicidade, e há resistência aos fármacos disponíveis, ocasionado pela sensibilidade de diversas cepas a estas substâncias, além do tratamento ser longo e requerer internação. Na tentativa de encontrar novos agentes anti-parasitários que possam auxiliar no tratamento das leishmanioses, foi avaliada uma série de sete chalconas-tiossemicarbazonas com diferentes grupos substituintes (CT-H, CT-Me, CT-CN, CT-F, CT-Br, CT-Cl e CT-NO₂) frente às formas promastigotas de parasitos de Leishmania spp. A primeira avaliação foi realizar a triagem das substâncias a 50 µM com formas promastigotas de L. amazonensis, e, após a constatação para atividade antileishmania passou-se, então, para avaliação frente às L. amazonensis, L. infantum e L. braziliensis na forma de promastigotas em concentrações na faixa de 50 a 1,56 µg/mL dissolvidas em DMSO. As culturas dos parasitos foram realizadas em meio Schneider suplementado com 10% ou 20% de soro fetal bovino e dispostas em microplacas de 96 poços, incubadas a 26 °C, por 24 h. Todos os ensaios foram realizados em triplicata em três ensaios independentes e a pentamidina usada como controle positivo. A citotoxicidade destes compostos foi avaliada em células não infectadas de macrófagos murinos em culturas de 24 h apresentando valores de DL₅₀ (mM) para CT-Br e CT-Cl 44,24 ± 3,43 e 32,75 ± 1,74 µg/mL,respectivamente, demonstrando serem menos citotóxicos do que a pentamidina cujo valor foi 8,5 ± 1,3 µg/mL. As formas amastigotas intracelulares foram cultivadas com e sem as substâncias em meio de  cultura Schneider a 26° C, e isotionato de pentamidina como medicamento de referência. Após incubação de 24 h, a viabilidade dos parasitas foi determinada utilizando o ensaio de MTT. Os resultados mostraram que a CT-Cl foi o composto mais ativo para as três espécies testadas. Apresentando IC₅₀ = 5,22 ± 0,75 µg/mL para L. amazonensis  3,97 ± 0,46 µM para L. infantum, e 3,89±0,14 µg/mL para L. braziliensis, respectivamente. A pentamidina apresentou IC₅₀ = 5,20 ± 0,41 µg/mL. Os outros compostos também apresentaram bons resultados com IC₅₀ na faixa de 4,34 a 14,80 µM. Nos ensaios das CT frente às amastigotas axenicas de L. amazonensis foram obtidos valores de IC₅₀ na faixa de 6,18 a 14,74 µg/mL, indicando atividade muito interessante.

Neste estudo também se investigou o mecanismo de ação das substâncias mais ativas na via da enzima tripanotiona redutase e via NO sintase através da avaliação de óxido nítrico. No entanto, não foram observados resultados positivos que indicassem essas vias como significativas para a ação das chalconas-tiossemicarbazonas. Os resultados obtidos frente as três espécies avaliadas quanto a ação de chalconas-tiossemicarbazonas indicaram essa classe de substâncias como potenciais agentes antileishmania.

The problem that originated this research was the complete lack of interest of the Mercosur for the environmental problems. We have verified that the member states of Mercosur are also the states that share the La Plata River Basin and the transnational Guarani and Yrenda-Toba-Tajireño aquifers. Water is the largest common natural patrimony of the Mercosur countries. Mercosur's lack of interest in its common water heritage is not justified. The La Plata Basin Treaty was celebrated in April 1969 and the creation of Mercosur took place with the signing of the Treaty of Asunción in March of 1991. All the institutions involved in the La Plata Basin Treaty, worked with the certainty that Mercosur would take over the Guardianship of the Treaty, a decision never taken. The importance of the Treaty was questioned in 2001 at the meeting of chancellors, which was the main body of the Treaty, and a study was requested from CIC Plata to justify the treaty, to be considered at the next meeting. The last meeting of the Ministers was held in 2001, demonstrating Mercosur's lack of interest in the Treaty. The literature on transboundary river basins praised the pioneering nature of the La Plata Basin Treaty, as it was guided by the Helsinki Rules, the state of the art on transboundary basins at the time the Treaty came into force. The reality, however, was that the world's fifth largest transboundary basin and its aquifers, the second largest freshwater reserve on the planet, had forgotten the main instrument of its governance. Since the United Nations Conference on Water in Mar del Plata (1977) and Dublin (1992), the view was reached that water governance should have global directions, if not for other reasons, for the simple fact that more than 50% of the world's freshwater is found in hydrographic basins and transboundary aquifers. Given this scenario, in order to continue the study of the water governance of the Plata Basin, we were led to study water governance at different scales (global, national, regional and local). In the second part of the thesis we study the theoretical aspects of governance with special attention to the neo-institutionalist theories, which advocate a way of governing called hybrid governance, which led us to conclude that the mainstream defends the replacement of the nation-state by the state-corporation. We find that there is no structured critical theory to combat neo-institutionalism. In the local sphere the neo-institutionalism also developed a model of local management of the common goods that is based on the hydrographical basins. This model is tacitly adopted by multilateral agencies. We then proposed a critical analysis of the model recommended by the UN, (IWRM), which has as its key concept what we call Hydraulic Anchor. The Anchor is based on the interrelations of the ecosystem functions between water, soils and forest and the relations with society has in the territorial order its most visible expression. Based on the Water Anchor concept, we proposed a periodization of the governance of the Plata Basin covering 1950-2019, and based on the codification of international water law and the Water Anchor, we began to investigate the state of water governance in the Plata Basin, always guided by two purposes: the importance of water resources in the process of integration of the platinum countries and that this process needs to define common hydro-political strategies. With the information obtained in the legislation of the platinum countries, we have built a Regulation Matrix, which is the legal expression of the water anchor itself, allowing us to analyze the situation in each country considering the water-soil-forest-land-use complex. Argentina does not have legislation at the national water and soil level, but it has been able to pass good legislation, but it has difficulties in implementing it. The highlight of the Argentine forestry law is that it conditions the provinces to only access the benefits of the law if they implement the land-use planning. Bolivia has a broad new environmental legislation (the Madre Tierra Act), which competes with the old legislation, but failed to pass legislation on soil and water at the national level. Forest legislation is directed to planted forests, and the land-use planning is in the departmental sphere and today conflicts with the Plurinational State Planning system. Brazil has a good law on water resources, had its forest code approved in 2012, always threatened with revisions, and there is a delay in its implementation, there is no national legislation on land, discussions on land management have been going on for two decades. In the early 1990s, infra-constitutional legislation defined the ecological-economic zoning and land-use planning. From the year 2000 the government separated ecological-economic zoning from territorial planning but extended the zoning to the whole country, and the debate around land-use planning is non-existent. Paraguay has been able to approve water legislation, which has not yet been regulated, there is no legislation on soils nor forest, and the land-use planning is only a debate. Only Uruguay has a complete regulatory matrix of water, soils, forest and land-use planning. However, it has suffered implementation setbacks caused by the advance of the soybean crop. The La Plata Basin Treaty aims at the harmonious development and physical integration of the countries of the basin. In the chapter on Periodization we analyze in each period the advances and retreats of the integration process from the 1950s. In the chapter on Integration we endeavored to recover the theoretical aspects even more broadly, with emphasis on the obstacles to physical integration and environmental neglect of the platinum countries. The lack of democracy in Mercosur has not allowed social cohesion to support projects whose environmental risks are not sufficiently studied. In the case of Regional Economic Integration, we consider that open regionalism is incompatible with the Water Anchor. A control system is needed that not only regulates the commercial borders but also the governance of natural resources that guarantees life itself, which requires a set of geopolitical strategies. While examining geopolitics for the integration of Platinum America, we define the global agri-food production chains as a concrete geopolitical obstacle because the central states act through them. The chains have as basic 'inputs' water, soils and forests, and has their own strategic governance and geopolitics. Chains today are globally integrated by IWRM and Nexus Water, Energy and Food which are clearly geopolitical instruments. We propose the use of the Water Anchor as an antidote, which can act as an insulator between the two models. Finally, we consider the urgent need for the Mercosur Treaty to take over the La Plata Basin Treaty and the restructuring of the Basin's bodies: the Fonplata and the MERCOSUR Structural Convergence Fund (FOCEM) merge and become the Bank of the Mercosur, and CIC Plata in the Executive Secretariat of the Treaty with a direct link with the Common Market Council (CMC), since the members of the CMC are also members of the superior body of the La Plata Basin Treaty. In order to harmonize the legislation and policy on water, soils, forests, it is necessary for Mercosur to define regulations. The common effort in Science, Technology and Innovation in Agriculture is a fundamental instrument. Mercosur must also take over the Cooperative Program for the Agri-Food and Agroindustrial Technological Development of the Southern Cone (PROCISUR), a platform controlled by IICA / OAS.

Encontra-se, na história recente da América do Sul, um conjunto de programas e projetos que indicam o tensionamento das tradicionais relações governantes / governados, formadas desde o período colonial e atualizadas por recorrentes governos autoritários. Percebeu-se em vários países – Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Equador, Paraguai, Uruguai e Venezuela -  no limiar do século XXI e após um ciclo de governos neoliberais, a busca pela formulação de políticas públicas diferenciadas, com características emancipatórias. Diante desse quadro, a tese em pauta analisou quatro realidades, em regiões da Argentina, Brasil, Chile e Equador, problematizando as práticas implementadas pelos processos de Controle Social e Desenvolvimento. Para isso, identificou marcos legais e tradições políticas / culturais pertinentes à participação popular, nos ambientes pesquisados, com a intenção de contribuir para a publicização e avaliação dessas experiências. O debate promovido, a partir dos paradigmas do Bem Viver e da Gestão Social, aponta para a consistência de uma crise sistêmica mundial – econômica, social e ambiental – enraizada no produtivismo, extrativismo, financismo e patriarcalismo, onde o capitalismo apresenta extraordinária capacidade de se perpetuar e aumentar os lucros, explorando a natureza e a humanidade em patamares crescentes. Nesse contexto, percebeu-se que outros paradigmas em debate, na América e no mundo, acrescentam novas dimensões aos referenciados – Bem Viver e Gestão Social –, ampliando-se a possibilidade de estruturação de instrumentais teóricos mais abrangentes, com a perspectiva de intervenções políticas e sociais emancipadoras. No cenário mundial destacado, mesmo nos intervalos dos recentes Governos Progressistas na América do Sul, observou-se a dificuldade de promover, se não o rompimento com as amarras estabelecidas internacionalmente, pelo menos um rearranjo institucional e econômico que apontasse para, ou favorecesse, a construção de inovadores pactos nacionais, regionais e mundiais, a partir do estabelecido. Portanto, na medida em que não se obteve sucesso na iniciação de matrizes econômicas – em nenhum dos quatro países pesquisados - e na reorganização conceitual e estrutural do Estado – com exceção do Equador – perdeu-se a oportunidade de estabelecer um novo patamar de disputa. Em que pese as iniciativas positivas fomentadas no período dos Governos Progressistas, sente-se a ausência de epistemologias e teorias políticas, econômicas, sociais e administrativas, de características regionais, amplidão continental e articulações mundiais, que fundamentem alternativas à crise sistêmica identificada. 

The production of inputs of natural origin plays an important role in the production of organic foods. The composting of residues and products of locally available organic nature is an alternative to meet the growing demand for fertilizers and organic substrates. The objective of the present study was to characterize materials with potential use as fertilizers and / or substrate for organic agriculture or not, enabling the production of composting, mitigating the waste of nutrient rich sources and the inappropriate disposal of waste in water bodies , with a view to its application in the production of seedlings. The research was based on two stages, carried out at the Agricultural Intervention Center José Francisco Lippi, agricultural technical state school, located in the municipality of Teresópolis, State of Rio de Janeiro. The first step was to develop two organic compounds, one from the filleting residue of the production of trout and saw dust and the other with the leaf biomass of Tithonia diversifolia and saw dust, both with a single treatment. N, P, K, Ca and Mg, CO2, NH3, chemical contaminants (Cu, Zn), analysis of substances, temperature, humidity, pH, total organic carbon, humic, microbiological and maturity tests are analyzed. The compound will demonstrate potential for use in organic agriculture. The second stage was the production of seedlings in three protected areas: lettuce, tomato and beet with the result of the composting performed in step 1. The experimental design used in the production of seedlings was randomized blocks with five replications. In the production of the seedlings, Germination Percentage (%), Height of the Aerial part of the seedlings (APA), Number of leaves (NF), Fresh mass (MF), Fresh mass (MF) of the roots, Stability of the log, pH and CE of the substrates. These evaluations occurred at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing. The filleting residue compost of Truticulture activity has met all the requirements to be used as substrate of seedlings. However, the biomass compost of Tithonia diversifolia needs nitrogen supplementation to meet the requirements as substrates for horticultural seedlings, but it is based on substrates for the production of native tree seedlings. The contents of chemical contaminants evaluated were well below those established in the main legislation and normative instruction in force, showing that they are within the parameters of quality for the organic compounds that will have applications as fertilizers and substrate. The compounds produced had low presence of total coliforms, absence of thermotolerant microorganisms and Salmonella, besides helminth eggs and phytopathogenic fungi. It was identified the bacterium Ochrobactrum sp, responsible for the fixation of N and P in the compound of foliar biomass of Tithonia diversifolia. 

Eficácia Carrapaticida de Diferentes Formulações Injetáveis de Contendo um Fármaco do Grupo dos Fenilpirazoles Contra o Carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus em Bovinos Artificialmente Infestados. Teste de Estábulo.

This paper discusses the importance of social and technical networks in the development of activities related to agriculture, sustainable technologies in food production, and to non-agricultural activities such as tourism, gastronomy, leisure, among others. The networks studied are those formed from the rural environment and the agricultural activity specifically, the Rural Networks. This term arises from the theoretical framework of networks and it is designed as a methodology that aims to look at the various dimensions that make up the rural environment. The spaces studied are occupied by people who have organic farming as one of their economic activities and are located in mountain environments. Three main questions permeated this study: whether the conformation of networks in a mountain environment can provide greater capacity for involvement and evolution for food production (organic); if organic farming as a model of agricultural production is a central factor within this diverse environment; and, in strategic terms, how the state sees the decentralization movement of certain economic activities. The research was carried out in two distinct regions: in Brazil (região serrana fluminense), and in Portugal (Trás-os-Montes). In addition to the agricultural activity itself, it was possible to observe models of social organization that stimulate and facilitate local development from the exploitation of endogenous resources. However, in addition to a question of public policies that favor or hinder the growth of organic agriculture, one of the main difficulties encountered was the very conformation of the network, that is, the involvement of the actors in the exercise of citizenship. European experience, in turn, brings the perception that investing in networking is a strategic factor in the design of agricultural policies in that context. Far from being a simple experience, the CAP has been proving, over the years, that it is possible to invest in the non-commoditized primary sector, besides encouraging and investing in the formation of the most varied groups, as a way to guarantee the permanence of people on the land , whether traditional or not. In this way, from the experiences studied, we seek with this research to bring data that demonstrate the importance of organic agriculture for the maintenance of spaces and actors involved in this activity and begin to draw new contours for the rural environment. Relevance is ensured by the growing debate on the importance, within a national context, of cooperation among regions, investment in social capital, and innovation and research.