In the agroecological territories of the popular agrarian reform, social control for direct sales is a mechanism for the inclusion of agrarian reform settlers who directly market their production surpluses. The Santa Helena Sustainable Development Settlement (PDS Santa Helena), located in the municipality of São Carlos, SP, was established and built on an innovative perspective of the agroecological production matrix, in which the social control mechanism for direct sales, OCS Santa Helena, has reached a decade of experiences, struggles, and achievements. However, direct sales can be limiting for the absorption of production on a larger scale arising from the collective initiatives of agrarian reform territories that associate primary production with agro-industrialization. An alternative is the adoption of the Participatory Guarantee System (SPG) as a mechanism linked to the Brazilian System of Organic Conformity Assessment (SISORG). The SPG is based on processes that stimulate the construction of agroecological knowledge, compliance with organic production regulations, and joint responsibility for organic quality. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of the SPG in the territories of the popular agrarian reform, aiming to improve social organization, productive and environmental adequacy, as well as to expand access to marketing channels for organic products from PDS Santa Helena. The study was carried out from November 2023 to February 2025, based on two research strategies: action research and the descriptive case study. The action research was organized in five phases: recognition and validation of the research proposal with the settlers; implementation of the research proposal; systematization and analysis of the results; collective interpretation of the results; and elaboration of instruments to support the creation of the SPG Santa Helena Group. The implementation of the research proposal included semi-structured interviews with the peasants, organic producers, as well as visits and transversal walks on their lots. The socioeconomic profile was characterized, and organizational, productive, environmental, and sanitary aspects of the lots were investigated. Peasants participate in the collective since its foundation, evidencing a trajectory of rootedness in the territory and despite the resistance of these subjects to remain and produce in the settlement, the challenge of aging stands out. This reality points to the urgent need to promote the permanence and protagonism of landless peasant youth. OCS Santa Helena consolidates itself, in practice, as a political and organizational instrument for the massification of agroecology and collective organization in the territory of the Santa Helena Sustainable Development Project. From an organizational point of view, the greatest challenges identified are active collective participation and the scarcity of resources to strengthen productive structures, such as irrigation systems, machinery adapted to family farming, and diversification of agroecosystems. The challenge of carrying out records and maintaining the field notebook persists, considering the low education of part of the farmers. However, a promising perspective is observed in the engagement of the peasant youth. The developed peer visit script is an instrument that strengthens the organic nature and the process of evaluating organic conformity, reinforcing the principles of SPG's social control. Finally, the practical and peasant manual of participatory certification is configured as a concrete and applicable reference, but also a political-pedagogical legacy of the peasant struggle for a dignified and agroecological life in the territories of the popular agrarian reform.

ABSTRACT

TRAPP, David Augustus, Strengthening Organic Seed Production on the Santa Catarina Coast in the State of Santa Catarina, 2023. 24p. Dissertation (Master's in Organic Agriculture). Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2023.

With the establishment of the "Organic Law" or Law No. 10,831/2003, which established the regulation of organic production in Brazil, there have been several phases regarding organic seed production. We are in the most challenging phase with Ordinance No. 52/2021, which requires the use of organic seeds for all organic production by 2026. Due to a combination of issues and challenges, presently and for the foreseeable future, it is unlikely that the majority of producers at the national level will be able to meet the requirements of Ordinance No. 52/2021. There are few suppliers of organic seeds in the national market, with limited crop diversity, low-quality seeds, and no consistent access for producers to commit to using only organic seeds without still using conventional ones. Additionally, the process of becoming an organic seed producer is very complicated, with  conflicts between different laws: the Organic Law and the Seed and Seedlings Law. Through action research, this dissertation aims to attempt another process for organic seed production by working with various organic producers to empower them to improve the production, harvesting, processing, and storage of organic seeds. Working with family producers who have the right to produce, store, and even sell seeds among them, this action research, through workshops and technical support, will explore an alternative path to meet the obligations of Ordinance No. 52/2021. The results of this action research will be that 5-10 producers in the coastal area of Santa Catarina will receive training for organic seed production, reaching a level of production to at least sustain themselves. Ideally, the goal would be for them to produce enough seeds to supply other producers in the region. Additionally, this action research could be used as an example of alternative methods for organic seed production, both nationally and regionally.

The concentration of the population in cities, resulting from industrialization processes, had as its main consequence the rural exodus, which expelled small farmers from the countryside to make way for large monoculture productions, necessary for a production model now integrated into agro-industrial complexes. These changes in the mode of production and reproduction of space led to intense urbanization to meet industrial needs, the homogenization of food systems and the reorganization of eating practices, now shaped according to the needs of proletarian work. Thus, if previously families produced food for self-consumption and the market focused more on exchange relationships or proximity marketing, today more and more families consume food produced by industry, with the consumption of ultra-processed products being the factor that favors scenarios of malnutrition and hunger intensify the levels of chronic diseases in needy populations, also contributing to the loss of traditional eating habits. As a way of contributing to the reduction of food insecurity and the negative environmental impacts that a significant portion of the urban population encounters, there is the potential to rescue agricultural practices, now in urban spaces, challenging the imagination that agriculture is only in rural areas and on a large scale. This study aims to analyze the urban agriculture initiative, through the Hortas Orgânicas em Faixas de Dutos project, based on its contribution to food sovereignty and nutritional security of the population participating in the project, located in the territory of Geneciano, located in Nova Iguaçu and also the territories of Pilar and Parque Marilândia, located in Duque de Caxias, based on the monitoring and study of the installation processes of urban vegetable gardens in the so-called “productive backyards”, in the homes of the families involved in the project in question, located in Baixada Fluminense, aiming to analyze the importance of urban agriculture.

This work aims to analyze the participation of native bees in the pollination and production of Conilon coffee in areas in transects of Café This research aims to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by native bees that can bring both biological and environmental benefits in areas of Cabruca cocoa, coffee and pastures. To understand how this dynamics and the structure of the local landscape work with the regulatory factors of these ecosystem services, transect experiments were set up to evaluate the benefits of pollination and the interactions of the organic cocoa X coffee and Coffee X pasture environments. With this, we intend to test the effects of pollination in different methodological treatments to establish patterns of the relationship between bees' participation in crop pollination and the structure of the local landscape. The objective of this work will be to verify the effects of pollination carried out by native bees, in areas of Cabruca cocoa X coffee and Coffee X pastures in areas surrounding the Serra Bonita Reserve, where the experiment was carried out. The Serra Bonita Reserve Complex in Camacan Sul da Bahia, located in an area of almost 5 thousand hectares of contiguous protected area, with remnants of the Atlantic Forest and a cocoa cultivation system called Cabruca, which consists of the cultivation of cocoa and other fruit trees economic value such as açaí, peach palm, banana and jackfruit under the shade of large trees native to the native forest. And with this, knowing the potential of these bees in pollinating crops of economic interest and native flora and crops that surround the reserve, such as coffee crops and pastures, in a way that can prove that the conservation of natural environments can provide essential resources to maintenance and sustainability of native bee communities in these environments.

In the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the city of Bom Jardim is located, with agricultural activities playing a major role in the municipality's economy. The region has a strong agricultural tradition, with emphasis on coffee and vegetable production. One of the environmental problems caused by coffee farming in the region is the large volume of waste resulting from the processing of coffee beans. In 2022, Agronomist Kurt Kaufmann Junior and Mr. Everardo Erthal, a large coffee producer in the region, entered into a partnership with the aim of using this waste to prepare an organic fertilizer using the Bokashi technique. The fertilizer has already been sold to some producers in the region, demonstrating good initial acceptance. Aiming to document and understand the implementation process and the dynamics of the initiative, in addition to providing support for the dissemination of this practice, this work will be carried out with the aim of producing a case study that will present the following information: Justification for carrying out the enterprise; History of the project implementation process; Description of the production process and product characterization; Characterization of the raw materials used; Characterization of the fertilizer production process; Cost analysis; Assessment of the level of consumer satisfaction and a general critical analysis and recommendations.

The search for organic inputs for agricultural activities produced in a sustainable way at more accessible costs for organic farmers has grown due to the demand for organic food in Brazil. With the increase in organic production, one of the biggest bottlenecks we face right from the start is the issue of nitrogen fertilization, among the various forms used, such as the use of green fertilizers that have a low Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratio. and carry out Biological Nitrogen Fixation(BNF), as well as improving the supply of Organic Matter in the soil, another widely used way is the application of animal manure, in which with the Organic Legislation, these manures are now required to carry out composting of these products, mainly aiming to sterilize this material with the increase in temperature rise and reduction of the contamination load that these products can cause to the environment in general, but this becomes another problem for the farmer, since for a correctly carrying out composting, ends up depending heavily on labor and machinery due to the volume of material, as a study pelleted manure from laying birds will be used, which in addition to not depending on composting processes, would facilitate transport and storage of this product, in addition to demonstrating in initial research that this material has a very slow availability of this nutrient, which at first could be a problem, but a large window opens, since one of the objectives of organic agriculture is the use of poorly soluble nutrients and volatile. With the aim of participating in the process of knowledge formation, I will continue the work already carried out with Dehydrated Chicken Manure (EGD), with the main objective of evaluating its slow nitrogen release effect, since in short cycle crops such as in lettuce, it was observed that plants fertilized with EGD had lower absorption of Nitrogen by the soil, so we will carry out an experiment with doses of EGD fertilization in cabbage, since it is a plant with a long cycle and under conditions of climate in the region under study (Jacareí/SP, Vale do Paraíba) we were able to conduct farming throughout the year and this would give us a better idea of the effect of EGD on the soil and plants throughout the cycles.

This study aimed to develop a sugar-free banana sweet (bananada) incorporating banana peel as a strategy for inclusion in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) in the municipality of Itaguaí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The region offers favorable environmental conditions for cultivating “banana prata,” producing fruits with high potassium content and °Brix values, which add nutritional and sensory quality. The addition of banana peel seeks to fully utilize the raw material, reduce waste, and increase dietary fiber and pectin content. Experimental tests were conducted to define the optimal formulation, including fruit sanitation, two-stage cooking, blending, and standardization of the final product. Sensory tests with public school children will use the FNDE facial hedonic scale to verify the minimum acceptance rate of 85% required for PNAE inclusion. Physicochemical analyses (moisture, acidity, lipids, proteins, and ash) were performed on two formulations—with and without cocoa. Results showed significant differences in acidity, moisture, and protein between formulations, while lipids and ash showed no statistical variation. The developed product demonstrates strong potential for diversifying school meals, meeting the needs of children with sugar restrictions, and creating new opportunities for local farmers.

The orange “Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck” is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, and plays a prominent role in the Brazilian fruit production chain, contributing to the generation of income and direct and indirect jobs, considered one of the activities that generates the most foreign exchange for agriculture and that drives the Brazilian economy. The orange culture is considered one of the main bases of the economic and social development of the region of the north coast and the Bahian countryside. The research will be directed to the state of Bahia, the fourth largest national producer, focusing on the municipality of Rio Real. Where the agents involved in the organic citrus production chain face bottlenecks that are related to the production of certified seedlings, crop health and the occurrence of quarantine pests that have been a challenge for producers. Most of the time, these farmers are marginalized in terms of access to public policies and credit financing, resulting in the stagnation of citrus activities and rural development that do not always benefit these farmers. This work aims to evaluate the production chain of organic family citrus in the municipality of Rio Real in the state of Bahia from the phytosanitary issues, certification and its relationship with marketing. The relevance of this research is driven by the agricultural tradition and the socioeconomic role of the local citrus industry, which occupies a prominent position in the state. And for about 25 years, family-based organic citrus farming has been structuring and developing in the municipality. Thus, studies aimed at identifying the profile of organic orange production are essential for the agricultural development of these regions, especially those that have productive potential and are needed or neglected in terms of information, making it interesting to identify the reasons, their limitations and potential. . Thus, its adoption is expected to contribute to improvements in the organic production management plan in the municipality, in planning, access to public policies and other government programs, reformulations, improvements in the organization of these farmers and production flow service.

From germplasm banks, it is possible to study and experiment with species, so that, according to the desired Germplasm collections are important sources of genetic material for prospecting new varieties for cultivation in family farming. In these, different materials can be sought from those normally offered on the market, enriching and increasing the diversity of horticultural products for the public and; seek more productive materials that adapt well to growing conditions in organic systems. For peppers of the Capsicum genus, it is important to consider characteristics such as: productivity, adaptation to growing conditions, ease of harvesting, post-harvest storage time and pungency. These factors are important to meet the needs of those who grow, sell and consume. In the present study, different accessions of Capsicum peppers were evaluated under field conditions, in the Horticulture Sector of UFRRJ, Seropédica, RJ. The work was carried out from February to December 2022. The aim was to select the most promising accessions based on the following characteristics: productivity, precocity and fruit characteristics. Nine accessions of Capsicum peppers kept in the Department of Phytotechnics at UFRRJ were evaluated: ENAS 5015, ENAS 5035 and ENAS Y (C. baccatum); ENAS 5043 (C. annuum); ENAS 5031, ENAS 5044, ENAS 5047, ENAS 5049 and ENAS 5051 (C. chinense). For four of these, quantitative assessments were carried out and for five, only qualitative assessments were carried out. The cultivation was carried out in beds covered with agricultural "mulching" and drip irrigation and without the use of agrochemicals – fertilization with organic residues from animal production (cattle manure) and vegetables (bokashi obtained with a mixture of castor bean cake and wheat bran). The cultivation conditions favored the population of natural enemies, such as “ladybugs” (Hippodamia convergens), and the low incidence of pests and diseases. The productive period extended for more than eight months. Of the nine total accessions evaluated, the most notable were: The ENAS 5015 accession was characterized by ease of cultivation management and better post-harvest fruit quality. The ENAS 5035 accession presented the highest productivity among all the accessions evaluated.

Maricá, located in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil, has been strongly targeting its public policy proposals for sustainable development associated with the production of safe food to supply its schools, popular restaurants, hospitals, as well as markets in surrounding municipalities, in a prospect of income generation after oil royalties. In this direction, at the end of 2020, the INOVA AGROECOLOGIA MARICÁ project was celebrated, financed by CODEMAR and technical execution of teams from UFRRJ for the implementation of agroecological experimental units, production plots and structuring of a model farm for the development of techniques and technologies aimed at agroecologically based production. It is in this context that the present dissertation will be developed, from the planning and actions for the implantation of the Biodiversity Garden, in which it foresees the systematization of georeferenced lands, systematization of drainage, water reservoir for irrigation, implantation of agroecological crops to serve as a showcase of polycultures, rural extension activities, field days, but above all propagation material intended for the donation of propagules, seedlings and seeds to farmers linked to the project. Among the expected results, maps, germplasm catalogs, good practices booklets, production systems manuals, cultivars descriptors will be produced, as well as the production of media for the dissemination of techniques and innovations for the agroecological transition and organic production.

Brazil is the third largest producer of corn (Zea mays) in the world, however, the production chain is very dependent on the import of agricultural inputs. Among the alternatives capable of contributing to the increase of product and soil preservation, the enrichment of rhizospheric microbiomes or microbial communities – fungi, protozoa and bacteria – that coexist and interact with plants have received increasing attention. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of microbiome enrichment on corn production by the addition of (1) EFANE compost, (2) gongocompost, and (3) the mixture of EFANE compost with gongocompost; or inoculation with (4) liquid inoculant containing the Ab-v5 and Ab-v6 strains of Azospirillum brasilense, and (5) soil sample transplanted from a high fertility area with a history of agroecological management; beyond the untreated control. The experiment was implemented during the summer harvest on 11/14/2022, in an area with a history of agroecological practices in the municipality of Taiobeiras, Minas Gerais. An experimental design in randomized blocks (DBC) consisting of 6 treatments and 6 replications was implemented. The blocks were separated by the marking of the irrigation system. Each plot received 128 seeds, distributed in 32 cradles. The spacing was 0.60 cm between plants and between rows. Shoot heights were carried out biweekly. At 60 days after planting, the number of open leaves, stem diameter and height of the first ear were determined. At the end of the experiment, the number of plants per useful area, the number of ears per cob, the accumulated mass of 100 seeds, the number and accumulated mass of grains per ear were determined. Among the parameters observed, the accumulated mass of 100 seeds demonstrated that the treatments that received the mixture of EFANE compost and gongocompost, only the EFANE compound and the commercial inoculant presented an average of 29.16 g. This value is approximately 5% higher than the control. The average productivity index calculated for these treatments is 13.39 tons per hectare, which corresponds to a value 36.5% higher than the control. On the other hand, inoculation with a soil sample from a high fertility area, despite not having contributed to productivity, promoted greater diameter and length of ears, values similar to the best treatments that led to an increase in productivity. These results suggest that enriching the corn rhizospheric microbiome can be a sustainable alternative practice capable of increasing crop productivity, meeting agricultural needs, as well as enhancing the effect of microbial communities present in the rhizosphere.

Due to growth in food security, the organic food sector is clear on the national scene in Brazil. Some of the requirements, defined in the legislation, which differentiates the system considered organic from the conventional, is the use of seeds produced under organic management, however there is lack of this propagative material for producers. The legalization process, both for seed production and organic food production, which need to be carried out simultaneously, has generated doubts and weakened the sector, therefore, this work aims to assist organic producers in the production and acquisition of organic seeds and systematize bureaucratic processes to facilitate producers to access to the organic seeds which are interested in produce seeds, whether in commercialization or production for their own use. Clarifying the right to exemptions in legislation and the adequacy completes the two current legislations. A technical booklet was created, commented, and referenced in the law, explaining each step of the legalization process. This work also shows the process of creating a micro-enterprise that served to exemplify and present the necessary documents, demonstrating in practice the challenges of each stage of the legalization process. With this, it was possible to infer that the bureaucratic process has been an influence on the low availability of organic seeds for producers, family farmers and those interested in producing seeds for their own use. Complying with two pieces of legislation simultaneously and the lack of specific rules and exemptions makes it difficult to legalize and operate micro-enterprises and small producers to produce organic seeds in small volumes. The delay in evolution and constant changes in legislation cause difficulties in understanding and uncertainty in investing in the production of legalized seeds, mainly in the organic and family farming sectors, as well as in the acquisition of seeds and production of seeds for own use. The publication and access to didactic, explanatory, and commented material, from the perspective of a technical professional and entrepreneur, on the systematization of legalization and operation in the production of organic seeds is essential for the guidance of technicians and organic farmers who are interested in acquiring independence in the acquisition of seeds. The lack of specialized companies in the field highlights the difficulties encountered at all stages of the process from the foundation to the legalized operation of small companies and farmers' associations in the activity and the lack of interest of large companies in the organic seeds market.

Agroforestry systems (SAF) are a form of agricultural production in which farmers can produce food in consortium with tree species, which can offer various environmental, social and economic benefits. One way of helping to make production viable is through agricultural financing, where the funds obtained from the loan can help to better structure the agroforestry enterprise. However, there are still some obstacles to these producers obtaining agricultural financing. Some of these factors could be: lack of information on the programs available that cover this type of production system; loan payment guarantees; land documentation and the lack of financial viability of the enterprise. he majority of SAF producers need more information that is easy to understand in order to understand that the agricultural credit available to them could be a good option for making their businesses more organized and profitable. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey of agricultural financing programs for SAF through documentary and bibliographic research. It also carried out a case study with 63 existing SAF producers in Brazil, in order to detect their reality in the face of this agricultural financing scenario, through the application of a semi-structured online questionnaire. The results of the survey of SAF programs showed that there are currently 11 programs of financing that cover this production system for different types of producers. The case study showed that only 4% of the producers who took part in the survey were able to access agricultural funding.  It also identified the need for producers to draw up a business plan in order to be able to submit their projects to the bank. Finally, it was possible to detect that the majority of SAF producers need more easy-to-understand information in order to understand that the agricultural credit available to them could be a good option for making their businesses more organized and profitable.

The present study aimed to evaluate the sustainability of agricultural productive activities on family properties located in the municipality of São Mateus, state of Espírito Santo. Using the assessment tool consistent with the IDEA method – Agricultural Farm Sustainability Indicators, developed by Vilain, in France, visits were made to the production units, on which occasions a questionnaire was submitted to the farmers, in order to carry out the data collect. The data collection period took place between October 2023 and March 2024. All families participating in the research are part of OCS Terra Mãe, a social control organization, through which they seek to self-organize to achieve the common objective: Organic certification of its properties. In order to make the Method more sensitive and adapted to the Brazilian agricultural reality, some modifications were made to some of the 41 indicators, which are grouped into 10 components divided into 3 dimensions: agro-environmental, socio-territorial, and economic. It was found that the changes actually improved the applicability of the method in most cases when they were necessary. The results obtained indicated that the biggest obstacles to be overcome by farmers are related to economic issues, measured by the components viability, independence, transmissibility and efficiency, since 6 of the 7 families studied found this dimension to be the limiting factor to sustainability. The exception was unit 1, which was limited by the socio-territorial dimension, reaching a score of 67%. On the other hand, it was evident that the systems present good indices in the agro-environmental dimension, which reaffirms the concern of farmers in taking care of natural resources and biotic and abiotic components of their agroecosystems, highlighting the propensity of farmers to succeed in certifying their productions.

This study investigated the cultivation and seed production of five species from the Fabaceae family used for soil cover and green manure under semi-arid conditions in the region of Morro Vermelho, Municipality of Montes Claros, MG, Brazil. The experiments were conducted between November 2022 and June 2023. A randomized block design was used in this trial, with the cultivation of five species:  mucuna-cinza, sunn hemp (juncea), sunn hemp (ochroleuca), sunn hemp (spectabilis) and jack bean. Seedling emergence, days to flowering, maturation, seed yield, germination and vigor were evaluated. The results were discussed and registered regarding the percentage of seedling emergence, days after sowing to flowering, and differences in productivity, germination, and vigor when cultivated under the same environmental and management conditions. In a second experiment, seed samples of sunn hemp spectabilis, which exhibited seed coat dormancy, were subjected to different treatments to overcome this dormancy. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Seed soaking for 23 hours reduced the percentage of hard seeds and promoted the highest germination percentage. This work contributed to evaluating seed production under semi-arid conditions and provided relevant information for the proper management of the cultivation of the studied species, with an emphasis on producing seeds in both quantity and quality.

To evaluate how the practice of composting plant waste makes it possible to broaden the perception of the importance of agroecology and environmental education in citizenship education. The work was developed at the Dom José Baréa State Elementary School in the municipality of Três Cachoeiras, in the North Coast Region of Rio Grande do Sul, during the first semester of 2024, with students from the 4th year of the school. The dissertation was organized and structured in stages: awareness; practical activities; data collection and systematization and analysis of information. Using the methodology of participatory action research. The action research methodology is an approach that aims to promote social change through research and practical action. It involves collaboration between researchers and community participants to identify and solve practical problems, it is a type of social research that is conducted in close collaboration with a community or organization, with the aim of promoting social change and solving practical problems. Awareness consists of holding meetings with the school board to talk about the implementation of activities, meetings with teachers through presentations of images and videos of experiences related to the theme of composting. The practical activities were carried out with the involvement of elementary school students who form the working group on composting. The third stage of the research will be carried out through interviews with semi-structured questionnaires (Appendix A), with the students and teachers who are involved. 12 students and 3 teachers were interviewed. The estimated time for the interview was 10 minutes and there was an audio recording of the interview content. The final stage of the research was the organization, systematization and analysis of the data collected. During the research activities, 15 meetings were held at the school between February and July. There were 11 workshops on composting and about 368 kilos of organic waste generated at the school were recycled and destined for composting. The interviews proved that practices related to composting at school are an excellent tool for environmental education for the citizenship formation of young elementary school students. As a technical product, a booklet was prepared on the practice of composting at school, which can be used as a contribution to the didactic material of the schools of the municipality, as a way of socializing about the importance of composting as a practice of environmental education

The Integrated State Education Center of Vila Pavão – CEIER de Vila Pavão ES is a full-time school with

 final grades of elementary school and technical integrated high school in agriculture. This institution has 

existed for more than three decades and is important for its interaction with communities in the municipality

 of Vilão Pavão, as well as with other neighboring municipalities. It also has the function of being a demonstrative

 field of alternative technologies so that the farmer can expand his field of knowledge and share it, as many

 of these producers' children study at school. Thus, meeting a demand to improve knowledge and expand

 research and bring new pineapple production techniques to the municipality, since it has been trying to

 insert this culture to become the main culture on its property. The present research project aims to insert

 the production of pineapple cv. Pearl and cv. BRS Vitória in an alternative way, bringing ways to produce 

it in an organic way, reducing the use of herbicides with the use of mulching, improving the use of area

 and reducing the time of fruit production. The success in the application of this production technology 

in an organic pineapple system may contribute to the further development of this culture in the municipality

 and in the south of Espírito Santo State.

The Participatory Conformity Assessment Organism (OPAC) of the Agroecology Network Povos da Mata has played a fundamental role in the lives of 850 families in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Through the peer visit tool, they have ensured exchanges of experiences, carrying out the maintenance and exchange of knowledge of agroecological-based agricultural techniques. Participatory methodologies for evaluating soil quality and crop health are still little employed in the region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive units (UP) of certain organic farmers, sharpening their perceptions regarding to different soil management techniques, using participatory methodology, in the context of the Participatory Guarantee System (SPG). A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, and the rapid evaluation system of soil quality and crop health was used in 5 UP. A vision of the analyzed UPs was obtained, and possible interventions to be made in each case were discussed. The participants evaluated the tool as viable for use in different contexts, requiring only a few adaptations. The obtained results contribute to amplify the farmers perception about the agroecosystems.

The increase in agricultural production area in Brazil and the agriculture focus in annual grain crops has consequences for the environment and the way of farm production. Two major consequences are: water scarcity generated by the high demand for the irrigated area and environmental degradation, resulting from the suppression of native vegetation cover and intensive cultivation practices. Faced with this scenario, a stream of thought emerges that seeks ways of growing food that are efficient in conserving water in the environment and that generate environmental benefits or a minimum of negative impacts. In this context, this research evaluates the environmental parameters that indicate water conservation in a production area of the vegetable agroforestry system, a system that has been listed as an alternative practice for recovering the environment. The work was carried out at Sítio das Mangueiras, in Florestal, MG and analyzed whether the vegetable agroforestry system can generate environmental water benefits similar to fragments of native forest. The evaluation of water conservation in the environment was carried out from measurements of soil moisture during the rainy season between the months of November 2021 to January 2022 and during the dry season, from June to August 2022. Soil moisture was determined three times a week. The data obtained for the three scenarios were submitted to analysis of variance and when the F was significant, the means were compared using the Tukey test (5%). The monitoring of water relations in the systems was carried out, allowing an estimate of the amount of water that would be needed for irrigation of a hypothetical agricultural production in the period. To characterize the areas, punctual data on temperature and relative humidity of the air, texture and rate of water infiltration into the soil were collected. Moisture analyzes and the characterization of the scenarios allowed testing whether there are indications of water benefits from the adoption of the vegetable agroforestry system at the site. The proposed analyzes seek to enrich the discussion of the statement attributed to Ernst Götsch, often linked to agroforestry systems: “water is planted”. The conclusion of the study was that the water-soil-plant system in the forest fragment showed soil moisture conservation characteristics significantly superior to the vegetable agroforestry system and the pasture, while there was no significant difference between soil moisture conservation between areas of SAF and pasture.

The Brazilian cerrado presents a very diverse flora, with highly nutritious fruits such as the Baru. The baru kernel has stood out in the market, for being a source of nutrients .And it has been widely consumed by the general population, both in natura and roasted. There is little research regarding post-harvest conservation, such as roasting and storage temperatures, as well as the type of appropriate packaging to be used. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of mycotoxins in baru nuts and the physical and chemical characteristics of baru nuts in natura collected in the municipalities of Northwest Minas Gerais. And also how roasted nuts are compared with three types of packaging used by farmers and the packaging used by the Cooperative of Sustainable Family Agriculture based on Solidarity Economy – COPABASE. The aim is to verify their conservation for a storage period of 0, 45, 90 and 135. In the first stage of the study, the presence of mycotoxins in the baru nuts stored by the farmers was evaluated. In the second stage of the study the physicochemical characteristics were evaluated as: width, length, mass, pH and titratable acidity, moisture content, protein, lipids and ash of the in natura almonds for their characterization. Then, in the third stage, after roasting the almonds, for their physicalchemical characterization and packed in plastic packaging of different farmers (low density polyethylene, poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET bottle and pot and the COPABASE packaging (PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) plus LDPE (Polyethylene of low density) lamination. In this case, to verify if there were alterations during storage for the determined period of time, besides the standard bacterial count in plates, enumeration of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms through the multiple tubes technique, for all treatments, during storage. Regarding the presence of fungus in the baru nuts, the microflora found were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ocraceus, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp, Rhizopus spp, with the nuts from Arinos, Buritis, Igrejinha and Riachinho presenting the highest incidence of Aspergillus and Penicillium and Fusarium spp. The descriptive statistical analysis applied to the physical and chemical data of the baru nuts varied in the regions studied, where Arinos presented the best characteristics and Riachinho presented the lowest averages, which may be associated with the region and the climate; the form of storage; the composition; environmental and genetic variations; among others. According to the descriptive statistical analyses applied to the quality attributes of roasted baru kernels in function of the packaging and storage periods, the COPABASE and PETGAR packaging were the best, ensuring better conditions of conservation in their evaluated quality attributes, maintaining their physical, physicochemical and microbiological characteristics. 

With the change in the organic legislation, in Ordinance nº 52 of 2021, and Ordinance nº 404 of 2022, the use of seedlings produced in conventional systems will gradually reduce, and the end of their use should be within five years after the publication of the Ordinance. Thus, it becomes necessary to look for materials and methods that can produce organic substrates from locally available inputs. The Vale do Rio Pardo region, in Rio Grande do Sul, has an abundance of elephant grass and cattle manure in agricultural units, and biochar is also available in charcoal kilns in the region. Already commonly used in the formulation of other substrates, the research set out to find possibilities for substrates that, in addition to being organic, allow autonomy for farmers. For this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of organic substrates for vegetable seedlings formulated from composting elephant grass, bovine manure and different amounts of biochar (0%, 10%, 20% and 40%). The contents of C, N, Ca, Mg, P and K, the total contents of C and N, the C/N ratio of the compounds, analysis of pH and electrical conductivity, potential emissions of CO2 and NH3 in the compost were evaluated in the compost. over 90 days of composting. Then, an experiment was carried out with the production of organic lettuce seedlings (Lactuca sativa), which evaluated the performance of substrates formulated with organic compost, containing different amounts of biochar (0%, 10%, 20% and 40%) added before and after the composting process, another control treatment consisting of the Carolina Soil commercial substrate. In the substrates, chemical evaluations of the nutrients C, N, Ca, Mg, P and K, electrical conductivity and pH, analysis of heavy metals, physics of apparent density and the development of seedlings, through seedling height, number of leaves , fresh mass of shoots, volume of roots and degree of root stability. As for the number of leaves and stability of the clod, there was no significant variation, in terms of plant height, the treatment with 40% biochar before and after composting showed a lower height than the other treatments and the commercial substrate, even lower. In the analysis of shoot mass, treatment with 10% of biochar added after composting showed the best performance, followed by treatments without biochar and with 20% of biochar added after composting. The treatment with 20% of biochar added before composting showed better indices of root volume, shoot (Height, mass and number of leaves) was the treatment with 10% of biochar added after composting

This work aimed to analyze low carbon coffee growing, focusing on regenerative agriculture, and investigate its environmental, economic and social impacts. To achieve this objective, a comprehensive literature review was carried out on the concepts, principles and practices of low carbon coffee growing, as well as a comparative analysis of conventional, organic and low carbon production systems. The methodology used consisted of data collection through interviews with coffee producers, application of questionnaires, bibliographic review and analysis of performance indicators. The interviews allowed obtaining valuable information about the practices adopted by the producers and the challenges faced in the transition to low carbon coffee growing. The questionnaires helped collect quantitative data on performance indicators such as productivity, water use, CO2 emissions, cost of production, selling price and profitability. The results obtained revealed significant differences between conventional, organic and low-carbon production systems. While the conventional system is characterized by the intensive use of chemical inputs, high carbon emissions and low environmental sustainability, the organic and low-carbon system stands out for sustainable practices, such as the efficient use of inputs, biological pest control, soil conservation and reducing carbon emissions.Sustainable production systems promote the resilience of producers in the face of climate change, add value to the final product and contribute to environmental conservation. The methodology used in this study allowed obtaining a comprehensive view of the challenges and benefits of low-carbon coffee growing, as well as the results obtained by producers who adopted regenerative practices. The results highlighted the importance of collaboration between producers, governments, research institutions and consumers in promoting sustainable coffee farming. In conclusion, low-carbon coffee farming, with an emphasis on regenerative agriculture, has proven to be a promising approach to promote sustainability in coffee production. The results of this study emphasize the importance of sustainable practices, such as soil health, crop diversification, use of renewable resources and community collaboration. These practices result in environmental, economic and social benefits, contributing to the construction of a more sustainable and responsible value chain. However, the transition to low-carbon coffee farming requires continued efforts, adequate investments and favorable public policies. The search for sustainability in coffee growing is a challenge, but also an opportunity to build a more resilient, competitive and environmentally aware sector.

The Escola Família Agrícola dos Municípios Integrados da Região de Irará, Bahia (EFAMI), was founded on July 26, 2006, beginning its teaching activities on April 20, 2009. Currently the school has 144 students studying in elementary school II and secondary education integrated with the technical course. EFAMI adopts Alternation Pedagogy and agroecology as the basis for agricultural teaching and works to develop and implement technologies that contribute to the diversification and environmental and socio-economic sustainability of production units. The study aims to implement an agroforestry system as an alternative for productive diversification on the EFAMI campus in Irará, Bahia. The experimental area measures 42 m x 35 m, totaling an area of 1,470 m², with a useful cultivated area of 1,260 m². Double spacing of 5 m x 4 m x 3 m was adopted for the cultivation of the banana tree, variety Prata Catarina (SCS451 Catarina), making a total of 72 plants. For banana cultivation in the SAF, six fertilizer treatments were applied with broiler litter, with three treatments receiving chicken litter in the amount of 100% of the recommended dose, 50% and 25% of the dose and three treatments receiving chicken in an amount of 100% of the recommended dose, 50% and 25% of the dose, plus 4L of biofertilizer in a proportion of 1L of biofertilizer to 3L of water. In the implementation phase, in 2021, 22 species were implemented distributed as follows: fruit trees: banana (Musa spp.) cultivar Prata Catarina, yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), pineapple (Ananas comosus), lime -acid 'Tahiti' (Citrus latifolia), citrandarin 'Índio', ponkan tangerine (Citrus reticulata), valencia orange (Citrus sinensis 'Valencia') and genipapo (Genipa Americana); annual crops: pumpkin (Curcubita pepo), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), andu beans (Cajanus cajan), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and corn (Zea mays). Grasses: elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and legumes, jack beans (Canavalia ensiformes); forest essences: white ipê (Tabebuia roseo-alba), aroeira do sertão (Myracrodruon urundeuva), licuri (Syagrus coronata), white jequitibá (Carinianna estrellensis), pink jequitibá (Cariniana legalis) and milk munguba (Pachira Aquatica Aubl). In the second year, 2022, annual crops were cultivated and the SAF was enriched with Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis 'Valencia', Acerola (Malpighia emarginata), Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), Araticum (Anona Montana) and Avocado (Persea Americana), Araruta (Maranta arundinácea) and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Soil samples were collected before planting, at a depth of 0-20 cm and subjected to analysis of chemical attributes. The financial analysis was carried out through the difference between the costs generated by the yield total number of crops and investments in implementing the project.

The Family Agriculture Fair (FAF) at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro,
operated from 2016 until March 2020, when it was interrupted due to the suspension of
in-person academic activities as part of sanitary measures to preserve the health of the
academic community in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Bearing in mind the
importance of these channels for income generation and social inclusion, the Family
Agriculture Basket at UFRRJ (CAF) was created in a participatory manner. The
objective of the present study was to describe and analyze this e-commerce experience
in the period of social isolation, presenting the potential and limitations of this strategy.
The methodological approach was based on descriptive social research with the
application of interviews and questionnaires. The data collection procedures were
bibliographic and documentary research, systematization of marketing data in the year
2020, as well as the application of questionnaires to consumers and interviews with
farmers and consumers. CAF was a strategy capable of significantly contributing to the
income of suppliers in the first year of the pandemic, in addition to providing consumers
with access to agroecological and locally produced food.

In addition to the production of food, fiber and/or energy and the generation of work and income, the designs of agroecologically based agroecosystems, including organic agriculture, depend on practices that conserve and enhance the functionalities of biodiversity, in order to make them more resilient and profitable. Therefore, the plant diversity that makes up an agroecological production system must include plants that reactivate or optimize ecosystem services, stimulating the biological components that exert, for example, biological nitrogen fixation, pollination and biological control. Cratylia argentea (Desvaux) O. Kuntze (Fabaceae), popularly known as cratilia, is a perennial, pollen-bearing, nectary-bearing species, native to the Brazilian Cerrado, and with multiple agricultural uses (e.g., green manure, forage and area recovery). degraded). This work aimed to know the beneficial arthropod fauna associated with cratilia during its full bloom in the central region of Minas Gerais, using digital photography to reveal its potential in the conservation of these organisms. The study was conducted during the cratilia flowering period from April to August 2020 and April to July 2021. Photographic records of beneficial arthropods were made using Canon EOS T5 and T6 digital cameras, observing cratilia plants grown in the Fazenda da Mata in the municipality of Fortuna de Minas/MG, on a private site in the rural community of Fazenda Velha and at Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (Bosque dos Empregados), both in the municipality of Sete Lagoas/MG. Observations were made every 14 days, between 9:00 am and 11:00 am and 1:00 pm and 3:00 pm, alternating periods between sites. In 2020 and 2021, in addition to the exotic bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), the native bees of the same family photographed were those of the genera Centris Fabricius, Plebeia Schwarz, Tetragona Lepeletier & Serville, Tetragonisca Latreille, Trigona Jurine and Xylocopa Latreille. The bee images also revealed the presence of the genera Megachile Latreille (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and Oxaea Klug (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) and entomophagous insects of different orders were also photographed. Among insects with a predatory life stage, adult ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae), praying mantis (Mantodea: Mantidae) and bed bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Adult parasitoids were also photographed, such as wasps Braconidae and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) and parasitic flies from the family Tachinidae (Diptera). Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) were also recorded, some being predators and others possible pollinators. It is concluded that several beneficial arthropods visit the flowers and other parts of the cratilia, in order to represent a place of shelter and food source during its full bloom. These results indicate that cratilia has potential for use as an on-farm conservation strategy for beneficial arthropods, especially pollinating insects (mainly bees) of agriculturally important plant species, and predatory and parasitic arthropods, many of which are considered important biological control agents of agricultural pests.

The municipality of Nova Friburgo (RJ) is characterized by mountainous relief,
shallow and weathered soils, with a favorable climate for the production of
vegetables and flowers. Family production units intensively employ industrial
agriculture technologies, such as concentrated synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
Immersed in this reality, there is the Family Center for Training by Alternation
(CEFFA) Flores, a school whose teaching-learning strategy is the Pedagogy of
Alternation, adapted to the reality of rural families. The target audience of the present
work will be students from the second segment of Elementary School (6th to 9th
grade), mostly children of flower and vegetable producers in the region, who receive
training focused on the technical area of agriculture. In this context, the study is
justified from a necessary change related to the use of natural resources in mountain
environments, established from new perceptions arising from the COVID-19
pandemic and a post climatic and environmental tragedy, which occurred in the year
2011 in the mountain region, so that there is the promotion of practices and
processes related to the agroecological transition involving students, children of
flower producers in the Vargem Alta community. The research assumed the
hypothesis that students can generate discourses for autonomous participation in
experimental units, develop new strategies and cultivation systems based on
sustainable practices and appropriate the importance of knowing and preserving the
soil and its organisms. Participatory methodologies related to agroecological
transition and soil education were used with 7th grade students, as well as field
activities, such as workshops related to agricultural sustainability for agroecological
transition on their properties, being the participatory evaluation of soil quality

indicators and fauna traps of the TSBF and “pitfall” type. As a technical product, a
booklet was made with the main organisms that make up the soil fauna found in the
evaluated areas, made by the students themselves, which can be used as a
contribution to the didactic material of schools in the municipality, as a form of
socialization around the importance of the soil biology.

The dissertation aims to evaluate the effect of several mulching materials on weed suppression. A field experiment will be installed in a small-scale farm which produces organic vegetables, at the city of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, from November of 2020 to April of 2021. The experimental design will be randomized block design, with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments will be: Mulching with straw of Pennisetum purpureum (T1), Mulching with black polyethylene (T2), Mulching of black polypropylene (T3), Solarization with transparent plastic film (T4), Succession green manuring with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) (T5) and Fallow with weeds as control treatment (T6). This experiment will have two different phases: (a) Soil cover with different treatments; (b) Monitoring of weeds infestation after soil cover period. During the second phase, soil will be cultivated with crisp lettuce. Evaluations will be related to the density, frequency and abundance of weeds observed weekly, and lettuce production, related to weight, number of leaves and diameter of aerial part.

National regulations recognize three mechanisms for assessing organic compliance: audit certification, Participatory Guarantee Systems and Social Control Organizations. The social distancing caused by the pandemic has altered the dynamics of SPGs. Thus, the use of new tools, dynamics and process adaptations were fundamental to overcome this period. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the National Register of Organic Producers and the impacts of the pandemic on the mechanisms for evaluating organic conformity. Identify the processes, dynamics and tools used by SPGs to get through the pandemic period. And build, collectively, together with the SPG of the ANC, protocols and documents for the maintenance and guarantee of the organic compliance of the system suppliers. Based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, an analysis was carried out of the historical series of the National Register of Organic Producers between 2016 and 2022, seeking to identify the dynamics of the numbers of organic producers in Brazil and the impact on the number of producers during the pandemic period. active. The percentage variation of the period, the accumulated variation of the period, the highest values of active producers, the number of producers per region and the mechanism for assessing organic compliance were evaluated. The number of registered OACs, OPACs and OCSs. A survey was carried out with SPGs in Brazil through a questionnaire on the GoogleForms platform to identify the challenges, strategies, tools and documents used during the pandemic. Association of Natural Agriculture of Campinas and Region also suffered impacts on its dynamics during the pandemic and needed to adapt its processes. Through the concept of the Actor-Network Theory and through participant research, we sought to build collectively with the members of the SPG of the ANC a protocol for maintaining the guarantee of organic quality and documents that could help and guide producers during this period. CNPO analyzes showed that the number of Brazilian organic producers increased by 96.19% between 2016 and 2022. Evaluation mechanisms based on social control represent 58% of the active registration of producers. The southern region of Brazil has the largest number of organic producers. SPGs currently operate in 17 states and the Federal District, and the largest SPG is Rede Ecovida with 5,517 registered producers. The impact of the pandemic had an impact on the numbers of producers at the CNPO and in July 2020 we had a 6.58% drop in OCS producers. In September 2020, SPGs lost 8.28% of producers compared to the previous month's registration. SPGs have adapted during the pandemic and used ICT tools to navigate the challenge of social distancing. The dynamics and tools identified were: remote visits, use of virtual spreadsheets, reports, checklists, meetings, minutes and media. The ANC built two virtual evaluative document models: PMO and PMP-succinct and developed a protocol. The autonomy of each SPG allowed each one to develop mechanisms and procedures to meet their own reality. The use of virtual tools was essential. The protocol and documents prepared by the ANC were fundamental to get through this period

The use of Non-Conventional Food Plants (PANC) opens up new markets and challenges in the design of innovative production systems and equitable marketing. The butterfly bean (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a perennial legume, native to Equatorial Asia, with intense flowering, well distributed throughout the year. The flowers are used as a remedy in folk medicine and their rare cerulean pigment is valued in gastronomic art. The plant is ruderal, has potential for edible landscaping, but in Brazil its main ethnobotanical use is only agrosilvopastoral. This dissertation was built from experiments and independent publications, which range from production to post-harvest of butterfly bean (FB), which is why it is presented in the form of chapters. Chapter I contemplates the characterization and evaluation of seeds in vitro and provides for insertion in the RAS Seed Analysis Rule (BRASIL, 2009) the metrics and parameters of Clitoria ternatea L. seeds, being: a) average length = 0.62mm ; b) average width=0.43mm; c) average thickness=0.38mm; d) mean of seeds/legume=8; e) weight of 1000 seeds=130g; f) number of seeds/kg=8000; g) Germination test; h) phytosanitary aspects: exams and photomicrographs allowed the association of the genera Colletotrichum, Cladosporium and Penicillium as pathogens of FB seeds. Chapter II is focused on the phytotechnics of the species, on the production of seedlings and cultivation in FB pots. Sowing test indicated differences in FB germination according to the substrate used. Substrate III (Carolina soil®) promoted superior results with 49% of germinated seeds. Attempts to grow FB in pots showed, if possible, with flower yield. It was possible to obtain metrics such as plant growth mean parameters, mean number of flowers, number of flowering branches, number of pods, number of flower buds and mean dry weight. A description of the phenological cycle of butterfly bean cultivation is also offered, from sowing to pod maturation, with a record of the physiological events that characterize its stages (V0 to R7) throughout development. Chapter III includes a Technical Communiqué for the simplified domestic dehydration of FB flowers, published as a chapter in a digital book for free access. Chapter IV, on the other hand, is an illustrated guide to gastronomic innovation in the form of a digital book, consisting of suggestions for culinary preparations based on FB flowers, the simplest means to obtain its natural coloring and ethnobotanical data for the species. Finally, the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic accentuated the need to expand domestic agroecology as a collective instrument for food and nutrition security, which is why Chapter V presents an article published in the Revista Educação Ambiental em Ação, on the conversion of a lawn residential in an urban agroecological site and lists the main effects on ecology and the landscape where the experimental field and kitchen tests that integrate this dissertation were developed.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril), is grown in practically all Brazilian states, some states with prominence in the commercial production of this fruit, such as Pará, Paraíba and Minas Gerais who lead the ranking of the producing states of this crop agricultural. The state of Maranhão does not have outstanding production in pineapples, but the state has pineapple Turiaçu, a cultivar native to the region which is very promising and with characteristics that appeals to consumers of fresh fruit, however, without this devaluing it for industrial use. Nevertheless, the production of the pineapple Turiaçu, has been kept regionalized, mainly, in the municipality of origin of the cultivar, municipality of Turiaçu. Jointly, or because of this productive regionalization of cultivate Turiaçu, research related to this cultivation started a little over a decade ago and few of them are studying the condition of development of the Turiaçu outside the municipality of origin. Another issue is studies of the cultivar in organic production systems, there is a lack of information in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the development of cultivate Turiaçu under application of aerobic biofertilizer in comparison with fertilization with soluble chemical synthesis products, in crops in the presence and absence of plastic mulching plus litter. For that, the vegetative development was analyzed, the productive and health aspects of the pineapple were evaluated. The experimental design adopted was the Randomized Blocks (DBC) with eight treatments and four repetitions. The treatments were: (T1) applications of biofertilizer + plastic mulching + litter under plastic mulching; (T2) applications of biofertilizer + plastic mulching, without litter; (T3) applications of biofertilizer + litter mulching; (T4) application of the biofertilizer, without mulching; (T5) Plastic mulching + litter under plastic mulching, without biofertilizer; (T6) only litter mulching; (T7) Control: only with fertilization with an industrial source; and, (T8) Witness: without treatment or fertilization. For the evaluation of the development of the cultivation, the green mass (MF), dry mass (MS), length and base and center width (LB and LC) of sheet 'D' leaf were measured; analysis of the weight of the fruit with and without crown (PFCC and PFSC); evaluation of the size of the fruit with and without crown (TFCC and TFSC); mensuration of the diameter of the base and the apex of the fruit (DB and DA); analysis of the percentage of fruits with cracks in de bark and fasciation; evaluation of the index of natural flowering (FN) and tipping of plants (Tmb); analysis of ° Brix of fruits; verification of the incidence of fusariosis in the vegetative phase, in the fruit and seedlings; classification of fruits according to weight. Based on the analysis it is concluded that the treatments where the litter was placed, mainly T6 and T3, presented better results in relation to the weight and length of the fruits, as well as length, green mass, and dry mass of the leaf 'D'. The use of plastic mulching presented inferior results to the use of litter in the evaluation of PFCC and PFSC, MF and MS of leaf 'D', in addition to presenting a higher index of Tmb. The use of biofertilizer did not represent productive gains when comparing treatments with biofertilizer and treatments with biofertilizer and litterfall, for example. The use of chemical fertilizers did not provide outstanding production results, and T7 was among the treatments with the worst results in most variables of analysis of leaf 'D', weight, and size of fruits.

The municipality of Piraúba, MG, currently with 128 hectares of cultivated area with ponkan tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco), experienced a strong increase in the planted area between 2010 and 2019. The activity has been gaining economic and social expression, as a source of income and jobs in the municipality, characterized by a base of land exploitation formed by small and medium-sized properties under the family farming system. A growing demand from producers to reduce or eliminate pesticide use, to offer healthy products and to produce in a sustainable way, leads us to consider the use of alternative practices suitable for agroecological and/or organic based systems. Biofertilizers are an option for áreas under the transition process, as a means of protection against pests and diseases, availability of nutrients, increased resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, among other benefits. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of the biofertizer Agrobio in a commercial orchard of ponkan tangerine with SAT certification located in the municipality. The experiment followed a randomized block design, with 4 replications in a factorial arrangement consisting of 7 treatments with Agrobio in the main plot and 4 positions in the subplot. Five concentrations of Agrobio were carried out: 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12%, a control without biofertilizer application and a treatment with FTE BR 10 fertilizer. The 4 cardinal positions composed the subplots. Biofertilizer spraying were carried out in October, November and December 2019 and February and March 2020 and an application of FTE BR 10 (85 g) directly on the soil around the plant in November 2019. Fruit number and diameter located within a 0,64 m² square were taken at 109, 145 and 177 days after the first spraying (DAPP) carried out on 10/5/2019. Starting from 207 DAPP, the total counting of the fruits and the harvest of the fruits were carried out followed by fresh mass determination. Leaf analysis was performed on leaf samples collected at 207 DAPP. The first three data collected (1, 2 and 3) showed a significant reduction of around 90% in the number of fruits on plants that received 4% Agrobio compared to the FTE treatment in the 3 data collection and the control in the second data collection. There are no differences in this variable for the other treatments. Furthermore, fruit diameter followed the same trend, but the reduction observed for the 4% Agrobio treatment was about 75% compared to the control, with no significant difference in data collection 3. The final number of fruits was not significantly influenced by the treatment with the biofertilizer, suggesting a reduction in the biofertilizer effect as ripening took place. Despite this, the total fresh mass of fruits showed a significant reduction in the treatment that received 12% Agrobio compared to the control. The square method used to collect data on the number and diameter of fruits in the first three occasions showed a strong positive correlation (p=0.01) with the total number and fresh mass of fruits determined at the time of harvest, respectively and may be useful for the producer to estimate production about four months in advance. The biofertilizer concentration, the frequency of application and the application period are variables that may have influenced the results obtained and should be the object of new experiments in order to determine the effectiveness of Agrobio for the cultivation of tangerine ponkan.

In practice, composting is one of the forms of waste recycling, which transforms organic waste with unpleasant characteristics such as odor or appearance, especially organic waste into compost, which is an agricultural input with a pleasant odor and free from pathogenic microorganisms. In the search for an alternative to the residues of the banana pulp agroindustry, a material with high levels of minerals, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, which, if disposed of at random, represent an environmental problem because of its high levels of starch and water, in association with coffee husk, a by-product resulting from the cleaning process of the beans, these residues are currently not being disposed of correctly, due to the lack of a method for reusing such residues. And because these residues from the banana agroindustry are abundant and with great availability, as well as the leftovers from the coffee cleaning processes, in the municipality of Pedralva-MG, this study aimed to evaluate the use of organic residues from the agroindustry processing bananas and husks. coffee with addition of pine wood shavings and chicken litter, evaluating the main characteristics after 120 days and verifying the performance of the compost in the composition of substrates, used in different proportions with carbonized rice husk compared to commercial substrate, in the production of seedlings of tomatoes grown in an organic system, after this period the compost with 75% compost 25% rice husk was shown in an experiment with tomato seedlings as a promising substrate and can be used as organic fertilizer and also be used with family farmers for the production of an organic and low-cost fertilizer.

The Pedagogical Fair of the Santa Cruz do Sul Agricultural Family School (SCASF) is a Pedagogical instrument that helps in the formation of young students, sons and daughters of farmers in the Vale do Rio Pardo Region, RS. Agroecology in the region is a point of resistance and hope in the midst of specialized conventional agriculture, with a high use of pesticides, which makes the production of agroecological foods and marketing a major challenge. In this context, the general objective of this work was to carry out the analysis of the commercialization of the SCASF Pedagogical Fair and to develop the Didactic Book for Agroecological Production Planning and Vegetable Commercialization. The data collection procedures were bibliographic and documentary research; participant observation and data survey obtained from the systematization of the Pedagogical Fair marketing forms filled in by the students, from August to November 2019. Gross sales and the quantity sold by group of products and the sales balance were estimated. The EFASC Pedagogical Fair had gross sales of R$ 14,291.50, referring to the sale of a total of 48 items, with the participation of around 40 students. The food supply was diversified, relating to the food culture of the region, including the recovery of traditional recipes in the preparation of baked goods and processed foods. Vegetables represented the most sold food group, with the largest share of gross sales (36%), followed by animal products (19%), processed (18%), baked goods and biscuits (12%), annual crops (9%) and fruits (6%). In the Didactic Book, the analysis of marketing at the Pedagogical Fair was related to the planning of agroecological production of vegetables, including content on the organization and scheduling of production. It is concluded that the marketing analysis is a methodology capable of measuring results in the EFASC Pedagogical Fair as a teaching and learning instrument, providing opportunities for income generation with a stimulus to diversified production. The Didactic Book let for Planning Agroecological Production and Marketing of Vegetables is a pedagogical tool that has the potential to contribute to overcoming the challenges of agroecological production and direct sales by young farmers.

The reuse of industrial organic waste for agricultural purposes has been arousing interest both for reducing environmental impacts and for the production of agricultural inputs, generating economic, social and environmental benefits, and the composting process is a low-cost alternative to carry out its processing. Banana is one of the main fruits produced and consumed in Brazil, and its industrialization results in the generation of large amounts of waste. However, banana peel is a material that has high humidity and a pasty texture, and for composting it is necessary to mix it with some material with a coarser texture. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of producing substrates from the composting of waste generated in a banana agroindustry, using banana peel and grass pruning residue. Initially, a composting experiment was carried out to evaluate different proportions of the mixture of banana peel and grass pruning, in addition to the inoculation of the compost. Aiming at obtaining efficient substrates for the production of seedlings of three organic vegetables and for the production of two species of microgreens, experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of different organic compounds, mixed with vermiculite in the proportion of 2:1 (v/v) , having as a control a substrate formulated from earthworm humus and fine charcoal. The pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the substrates were measured during the development of the vegetable seedlings. All evaluated compost mixtures presented temperatures close to the environment during the 120 days of composting, probably due to the reduced size of the windrows. It was found that during the development of the seedlings, the pH of the substrates remained with values close to neutrality or slightly alkaline, between 6.6 and 8.8. There was also an expressive reduction in EC of all substrate formulations at 7 days after sowing and remaining at values below 150 µS cm-1, probably due to excessive irrigation. Substrates formulated with compost consisting of 50% or 75% banana peel showed equal or superior performance to the control substrate on the development of lettuce, beetroot and tomato seedlings, and for the production of micro-greens of lettuce and mustard. The substrate formulated with compost inoculated with EM (effective microorganisms) showed generally equal or inferior performance compared to the other substrates evaluated. It was found that it is possible to obtain efficient organic substrates for the production of vegetable and microgreen seedlings, consisting of vermiculite and composed of a mixture of banana peel and grass pruning.

The production of family agriculture on agroecological bases is recognized as fundamental to promote food and nutrition security (FNS) for the world population. In this context, direct marketing channels in short circuits are spaces for access to healthy food and for strengthening family farming. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of the Family Agriculture Fair (FAF) and the direct purchase of family agriculture by the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, reflecting on their contributions to FNS. Bibliographic and documentary research, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were carried out. The food supply was characterized, gross sales and monthly sales figures were estimated in 2017 and 2018; the socioeconomic profile of marketers and the perception of FAF consumers were researched. The execution of Public Call nº 01/2017 was described, as well as the impact of the PAA for farmers. The integration actions included the exchange of knowledge between farmers, women farmers and the academic community in the weekly coexistence at the FAF and also through classes, experiences, meetings, assemblies and technical assistance and rural extension. In the FAF, more than 200 items of own production were offered by local farmers, of which, more than 50% were classified in the segment of fruits and vegetables (FV), making the offer and commercialization of leafy vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, arugula); fruit (okra, pepper, tomato and eggplant), roots / tubers (cassava, sweet potato, carrot and yam) and fruit (banana, persimmon and green coconut). The offer of unconventional food plants (UFP) was significant, with an emphasis on bertalha and peixinho, in addition to mustard, taioba, caruru and beldroega that are part of the cultural complex of Baixada Fluminense (RJ). As for the offer of organic products, most marketers integrated the participatory guarantee system (PGS-ABIO) and the rest were in agroecological transition. The participation of women was expressive, representing the majority of marketers and consumers who also declare to spend more than men in the FAF. Regarding the PAA, ten individual farmers and one association were benefited. 37,370 kg of locally produced food were purchased, benefiting more than 1,000 students, users of University Restaurants on the Seropédica and Nova Iguaçu campuses. Among the foods purchased, the highest amount was banana prata, followed by cassava, both produced in an organic system. For farmers, the PAA contributed to increase income, diversify production, purchase goods and use new technologies. It is concluded that both channels of direct sale of family farming at UFRRJ contribute to the promotion of food and nutritional security from the following dimensions: stimulating the production, supply and acquisition of FV, UFP, organic products and the locally produced agroecological transition; income generation; formalization of farmers with wide participation of women in integration with the university.

The crisis caused by the model of agriculture known as conventional has been generating a series of questions in society regarding the harmful effects on the environment. In this scenario, the demand for alternative technologies is increasing aiming to the reduction of environmental degradation and the increase on life quality in rural and urban areas, as well as, the preservation in a the long term of soil fertility. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is a biological process in which some plants fix nitrogen from the air through symbiosis between roots and soil microorganisms. BNF has become a great ally to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers. The cowpea proved to be very efficient as far as BNF is considered, however commercial inoculant is not widespread in Brazil and it is hardly available for smallholder farmers. The alternative inoculation proposed in the present study using fine nodulated root blends was efficient on improving cowpea grain yield similar to commercial inoculant using only local resources. The objective of this study was to identify the main challenges for the diffusion and adoption of this practice among smallholder farmers. Two field days were conducted with organic certified farmers from three municipalities localized in the Metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. The participants are affiliated to the Associação dos Agricultores Biológicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, ABIO, which acts on the Guarantee Participation System (SPG), a farmer organization, which confers a statement of compliance certifying to the organic agriculture requirements on a dynamic environment focused to facilitate technical assistance on agroecological practices. On each field day, a structured interview was applied aiming to assess the initial knowledge on subjects related to the use of microorganism in agriculture and, at the end of the second day, the knowledge gained during the activity. The most relevant factors for the adoption of an alternative inoculation is the level of experience with agricultural practices, which was independent of schooling degree and age. The low cost is also a factor that favors the adoption of the practice.

The northern region of Minas Gerais is characterized by the Cerrado biome and is strongly influenced by the semi-arid climate, which conditions the population to conditions of great inequality and social and food vulnerability. As an income alternative, many families of agroextractivists collect typical and traditional fruits from the cerrado to prepare pulps, oils, sweets and jelly from the collected fruits. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness strategies in the face of the value chain of the agroindustries of cerrado fruit processing and to evaluate the intersectoriality in the public policies of access to food and nutritional security and to promote the agribusiness of cerrado fruits in the north of Minas Gerais . This work started in January 2018 and is authorized by the opinion of the Research Ethics Committee (COMEP) of UFRRJ, within the Research Project entitled “Food security: intersectoriality in Brazil” (Protocol No. 797/2016). In the case study, the profile of the 25 agroextractivists from the Água Doce community demonstrated that they had a greater number of women, who collect the fruits of the cerrado to guarantee food and income in the family. Young people are among the majority and are between 21 and 30 years old and their main source of income is in extractive activities, mainly pequi and buriti. The biggest problem faced in the collection of fruits and in the agribusiness is the lack of transport logistics and marketing, the identification of the buyer and the low price for the product. Most of the problems are a reflection of the group's low organization in planning the harvest and adding strength to other institutions. The competitive advantages of the agribusiness must be based on a strategy of "General Cost Leadership" and that the new products developed add value to customers through the "Focus". The rapprochement with other institutions needs to be valued in order to strengthen a regional cooperation and production network and bring growth to the sector. Government support, with public policies, is still necessary for the organization of the group to take place and the improvement of production in the region. It is perceived that intersectorality is being sought, however there is a need for greater interaction of budget pieces and the planning of programs and actions between departments and public sectors. The agribusiness obtained competitive advantages in the face of the support of projects financed by public policies at the state and federal levels. 

This work will be conducted in the Matapi Agricultural Colony, in the municipality of Porto Grande - AP. Green manure has fertility benefits that are evident, however, for the diverse soil and climatic conditions, there are different plant species that adapt. In the corrence of a few production of literature on the use of fertilization manure the State of Amapá, the present industry launches the agroecological management of the soils of the region, through the use of leguminous compost raise the content of organic matter, maintain the protected soil and add nitrogen to the soil-plant system, provide safety in the management and collaborating with the sustainability of the Ogue system this study will be visible legume species with high potential of biomass production, high rate of Kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides ), Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum), Camacrista (Chamaecrista rotundifolia), Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium), and annual legumes: forage pigeon pea (mucuna aterrima), feijão caupi ( Vignia Unguiculata) , jack beans (Canavalia ensiformes) e crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea).

The present work was performed with traditional (quilombola) farmers from the Rural Community Association of Cachoeira, Xambá and Ribeirão - ASCAXAR QUILOMBOLA, located  at the municipality of Dom Joaquim, in the Central region of the state of Minas Gerais.  The work aimed to evaluate soil management strategies for agroecological production of common bean, using the green manure with sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) as a multifunctional and soil  management practice, and the use of fine nodulated root preparation, aiming to improve the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). In this sense, a Demonstrative Unit (DU) was implemented in the collective production area of the ASCAXAR QUILOMBOLA, as a space for dialogue and awareness of the worked practices. The  study was divided into two stages. The first one was the implementation of four plots with different uses for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in succession, with the following procedures: a) sunn hemp mowed and left on the soil ground cover; b) sunn hemp incorporated into the soil; c) mineral fertilization with NPK formulation 4-14-8 and d) control. During the second stage, it was carried out a field day about the technique of seed inoculation with the prepared of fine nodulated roots, as well as the planting of the common bean, subdividing each plot of the first stage into two.  It was evaluated the planting treated  with the use of the alternative inoculant and the control, using indicators of soil quality and crop health in a participatory manner. In order to do this, it was carried out semi-structured interviews with farmer families, aiming to evaluate how practices were used. From the farmers point of view, the use of green manure with sunn hemp promoted the biomass  production in the cultivated area, allowing soil cover and moisture retention.  It was highlighted the strategic role of BNF both by the green manure and the common bean, improving agriculture sustainability. This practice enabled technological innovation at low cost and with the use of local resources. The use of sustainability indicators was efficient in raising farmers' awareness, as well as an important decision-making tool associated with the agroecological transition process.

The use of nature for therapeutic purposes is as old as humanity, where medicinal plants play a special role. The plant therapeutic agents aim to prevent, cure and mitigate the symptoms of diseases at a low cost when compared to drugs obtained through chemical reactions. The production and commercialization of medicinal plants and their derivatives has been gaining more and more space in Brazil, due to its wide genetic and biocultural heritage. Therapeutic agents come from the secondary metabolism of plant species, which are not always expressed on the same conditions that are ideal for the full development and productivity of the crop. Therefore, the present work aims to associate the knowledge, within the scope of the agricultural landscape management system, with the factors that influence the total phenolic synthesis, to advance on the design of agro-ecosystems capable of producing raw material with high levels of the therapeutic agent. The research was conducted in a participatory manner with farmers from Seropédica / RJ. Twenty-three production units containing guaco (Mikania spp) and / or pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) tree under different management conditions were selected, totaling 11 and 12 samples of each species, respectively. Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were carried out comprehending a description of the environment and a survey of knowledge about the cultivation of medicinal plants, as well as their management strategies. These parameters were used to define the management intensity and environmental disturbance indices. Four leaf samples were collected during each season for determination of total phenolic concentrations (TF) and two soil samples were collected for fertility analysis, during winter and summer. Variance analysis were carried out on the the fertility parameters. Qualitative and quantitative data were processed using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to identify the factors that significantly influence the phenolic compounds content. Guaco produced in areas with higher concentrations of calcium, potassium and shading levels, showed a higher content of TF, while the higher pruning frequency, the plant cultivation time in the production unit and higher concentrations of phosphorus resulted on lower content of TF. As for pitanga tree, the main factors that led to higher levels of TF were increased diversification, increased concentration of organic carbon and lower concentrations of calcium, potassium and magnesium. As a conclusion, each species had a different behavior depending on the factors analyzed and this knowledge is crucial to define management recommendations. For guaco and pitanga, shading intensity, diversification level and specific nutritional requirements for fertilization showed the highest influence on the TF concentrations.

The great majority of the organic waste generated in urban centers is destined as a refuse to landfills. There is also increasing food production in the urban environment. Composting is an alternative for the transformation of organic waste into inputs for plant production, but there are still few studies to determine specific protocols for composting in the domestic environment. The aim of this work is to characterize composting carried out in containment containers and associated with vermicomposting, aiming at the determination of protocols for the production of substrates for the cultivation of vegetables and / or aromatics in an urban environment. An experiment will be carried out to evaluate the effect of different raw materials on the composting efficiency associated with vermicomposting; another experiment aimed at evaluating the effect of the use of different containment containers on composting of grass shavings and a third experiment to evaluate the efficiency of the use of the compounds obtained in the previous experiments for the cultivation of vegetables and / or aromatics in urban environment. It is also intended to gather the knowledge obtained in a booklet to guide the realization of domestic composting.

The present study aims at analyzing how the Program of Support Program for Family and Peasant Agriculture - Peasant Program - in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, contributes to the construction of a new generation of public policies and to the forteleciemneto of agroecology. This will be done from a case study in the Rio Pardo Valley and Taquari Valley region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The research seeks to understand how it was conceived, its social and political actors, projects supported and the perception of farmers and peasants in relation to the Peasant Program. For this purpose, the documentary analysis and bibliographic review of the concepts and history of the construction of the program and interview based on semi-structured script, applied to peasants, beneficiaries, executors, managers will be used as methodology.

In recent years there has been a growing demand for studies aimed at finding environmentally correct destinations for urban waste, so that these materials are no longer a social problem but are an environmental and economic asset, expressed in the form of reuse, recycling, composting , recovery and energy use, as provided by Law 12305/2010 (BRAZIL, 2010). In this perspective, there are many challenges for the advancement of urban waste treatment, especially the organic fraction, which is mainly responsible for the direct contamination of the environment when improperly exposed.

The Small Farmers' Movement (MPA) was born in 1996 in Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil at the height of the implementation of neoliberal policies in Brazil. It was observed that the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina suffered climatic adversity at the time, as well as a crisis of identity and representativeness, since the syndical model of the time no longer represented the working class of the countryside as he did not dialogue horizontally with the trade union leaders linked to FETAG (Federation of Agricultural Workers) and the Rural Department of the Central Workers' Union (CUT).

On December 12^th and 13^th, 1988, in Brasilia, the MPA was institutionalized nationally with the presence of leaders from seven states, Rio Grande do Sul, Espírito Santo, Rondônia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and Piaui. This fact became important for the history of the MPA, because it occurs because the leaders perceive that the difficulties in the field as the impoverishment and the marginalization were present in all States, but with different characteristics of exploitation by the capitalism in the field, fruit of the model neoliberal movement implanted in America. In this sense, the movement undertakes to study this theme and formulate a new proposal for an agricultural model for the Brazilian field.

The MPA assumes in the peasant plan some immediate tasks to achieve the genetic and food sovereignty of Brazil: - to recover the seeds, breeds and seedlings, in their varieties, diversity and in significant quantities; - to seek and develop popular and replicable techniques for the recovery, storage, conservation and improvement of this genetic base; - to seek and guarantee scientific and technological autonomy in the production and improvement of seeds and genetic material, as well as the necessary research and scientific knowledge; - disseminate the existing experiences aimed at building and rebuilding a culture of redemption, conservation, breeding and multiplication of seeds, breeds and seedlings under peasant popular control the genetic and food sovereignty of Brazil: - to recover the seeds, breeds and seedlings in their varieties, diversity and in significant quantities; - to seek and develop popular and replicable techniques for the recovery, storage, conservation and improvement of this genetic base; - to seek and guarantee scientific and technological autonomy in the production and improvement of seeds and genetic material, as well as the necessary research and scientific knowledge; - disseminate existing experiences in order to build and rebuild a culture of rescue, conservation, breeding and multiplication of seeds, breeds and seedlings under peasant popular control.

The general objective of this study is to systematize the experience that the Small Farmers Movement accumulated in the course of its history in the field of genetic sovereignty, especially the work with the native seeds in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, which generated, besides many debates and advances in the work base the construction of a Heirloom Seed Processing Unit in the State in the year 2015.

The coffee culture is extremely important for Espírito Santo, besides playing a large role in the Brazilian economy. Increasingly the consumer market has been demanding regarding coffee quality, and taken into account environmental, social and food safety issues in the process of choosing what to consume. A to also consider the existing minimum quality rules for the marketing of the product for the domestic market and exporting countries. Regarding sanitary aspects, a major concern is with mycotoxins from fungal contamination, which deteriorate the quality and may even pose risks to consumer health. In addition to the need to meet the minimum requirements laid down in the regulations, producers have been faced with the demand for specialty coffees, an expanding market in the world. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the adoption of good agricultural practices recommended by agroecology and organic agriculture as a factor of improvement in the classification of arabic coffee as the quality of the beverage and in the reduction of fungus contamination in the fruits harvested. The study was carried out in rural property of the micro region of Caparaó capixaba, in the municipality of São José do Calçado / ES. The treatments consisted in the association of different harvesting and postharvest forms commonly adopted in the property and throughout the region. The types of harvest considered were: selective, on the cloth and sweeping; the fruit picking point: mixed or just cherry and the type of terreiro used for drying: concrete, concrete under plastic greenhouse and clay. Physical and sensorial analyzes and fungal taxonomy were performed. Statistical analysis was performed using Sisvar software, version 5.6. Traditional harvesting systems, by means of ground or cloth collapses, have generally produced low-quality, low-defect coffees. Grains that showed direct contact with the soil during the harvest and / or drying process showed higher fungal infestation severity indexes when compared to grains not exposed to soil. Harvest and post-harvest processes that separate lots of cherry coffee for individual drying showed lower levels of infestation severity. Different genus of fungi were detected in the grains, being: Aspergillus, Penicilium, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Uredimiosporo, Colletrotrichum and Alternaria. The selective harvest of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) has demonstrated the potential to improve the beverage quality of the species in Caparaó Capixaba, as it drastically reduces grain contamination. Thus, it is believed that other harvesting and post-harvesting techniques (pulping, peeling and drying in suspended screen terrariums) should be studied in association with selective harvesting in order to verify its efficiency and profitability of application in Caparaó Capixaba aiming to production of specialty coffees.

This study seeks to analyze and interpret the perception of several social actors regarding organic foods as strategic for the social reproduction of family farmers and for food and nutritional security in the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, located in the North of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. These social actors are families of family farmers, technical assistance and rural extension, public managers and professionals in the area of education, nutrition and health. This work began in March of the year 2017 and is authorized by the opinion of the Research Ethics Committee (COMEP) of UFRRJ, within the Research Project entitled "Food security: the intersectoriality in Brazil" (Protocol No. 797/2016), in accordance with ethical principles and is in accordance with Resolution 466/12 that regulates research procedures involving human beings. Based on the multidimensions of sustainability, from Agroecology, it was possible to raise the considerations and suggestions of each social actor researched. Within the Economic, Social, Environmental, Cultural, Political and Ethical dimensions, aspects considered relevant were contemplated, among them: generation of work and income, production costs, public health spending, contamination with chemical residues, technological dependence, health of the producer and consumer, labor "pain", nutritional quality of food, local development, associativism and cooperativism, responsibility and solidarity. In each aspect, the positive and negative impacts of the production and consumption of organic and conventional foods were evaluated. Also, suggestions were obtained and the level of knowledge and involvement of the social actors with the existing public policies to support family and organic agriculture and food acquisition was evaluated, as well as what could be done to increase the production and consumption of these foods. It was possible to visualize that the perceptions and suggestions contemplate what actions are being done and can be amplified. Even if there may be regression, paradigm chances signal that we are obliged to move towards sustainability.

Composting is one of the main alternatives for the treatment of organic urban solid waste, making possible the transformation of unstable materials and with microbiological contaminations, in organic fertilizer, soil conditioner or substrate. This research was carried out under the public composting program developed by the Superintendência de Limpeza Urbana (SLU) da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (PBH) in order to attend PBH's school and community gardens (Programa Hortas Escolares e Comunitárias/PBH). The objective of this research was to characterize the composting process over a period of 123 days and the compost obtained, identifying the origin and dynamics of possible microbiological contaminations, especially with thermotolerant coliforms, as well as to develop treatment and utilization alternatives, aiming to adapt the SLU / PBH compost for use in Urban Agriculture actions. It was verified that the composting process presented thermophilic values during almost all the evaluated period. The obtained compost presented high pH, moderate electrical conductivity and good nutrient content. It was verified that the raw materials used in the composting presented high contamination by thermotolerant coliforms, being this the probable origin of the residual contamination at the end of the composting process. However, there was also evidence of cross contamination by the joint use of machines / equipment and the composting yard itself. No other microbiological or heavy metal contamination has been identified. The post-composting treatments to reduce / eliminate residual contamination by thermotolerant coliforms presented different efficiencies, and solarization with translucent plastic was highly efficient, making the compost suitable for agricultural use in only a few days. It was also evaluated the use of the substrate compound to produce lettuce seedlings, mixed with different proportions of vermiculite and in the presence or absence of cover fertilization with cottonseed meal. It was observed that the substrates with predominance of compost had lower germination. It was also observed that the addition of vermiculite in larger proportions was favorable to the development of the seedlings, and it was possible to obtain seedlings superior to those obtained with the use of commercial substrate. The use of cover fertilization was essential to obtain quality seedlings.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a tuber with a sweet taste widely used in Brazilian cuisine that is pleasant to the palate and carries a high level of antioxidant substances. The crop has an annual production of around 300 thousand tons. In the Northeast region, beetroot production is not very significant, and there is not enough production to meet domestic market demand. The present study was developed with the objective of evaluating the application of the biofertilizer, Agrobio ®, in the development and production of beetroot in the Northern Coast of Bahia in an agroecological production system free from pesticides and soluble fertilizers. Agrobio® is produced from aerobic digestion of organic substrates (fresh bovine manure, urine, whey and others) by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria. The aerobic process lasts on average 56 days and during this period the must is supplemented, periodically, by the addition of macro and micronutrients. Two applications were performed on the seedlings and / or two or four applications after transplanting to the field. Thirty day seedlings treated with biofertilizer presented height and number of leaves 74 and 45% higher than the control, respectively and in terms of leaf area the application of Agrobio® was able to multiply by about eight times in comparison to the control. At the end of 60 days in the field, the best yields were obtained using two applications in the seedling phase and four applications after transplanting (7, 15, 30 and 60 days), corresponding to increases around 400% in relation to the control. Agrobio® application only during seedling phase showed increases of 300% in relation to the control, not differing from the treatment in the seedlings followed by two applications after transplanting (15 and 30 days), while the application response in plants treated just after transplanting was significantly lower, about 200%. The application of Agrobio presented yield in the order of 120 T ha-1 considering a population density of 300,000 ha-1 plants. The incidence of nematodes and contamination by Salmonella and fecal coliforms were also determined. The results indicate that the use of Agrobio® contributes effectively to beetroot cultivation under an agroecological manegement.

The knowledge about agroecological production and their validation methodologies has been consolidating in Brazil since the 1980s. This knowledge isn't restricted to the management of natural resources and production practices, but also as a strategy to discuss public policies of development. Currently the postgraduate programs in Agricultural Sciences have 19 professional master's degree courses, however, on Organic Production has only one. The National Policy on Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - PNAP and National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production - PNAPO, were built in a participatory manner, in articulation with various spheres of the federal government, listening to the governments of the federative units and their institutions, as well as the segments of civil society, leaders of organizations representing family farmers and social movements, committed to Family Agriculture and with an environmentally oriented production matrix inspired by the principles of agroecology and the agroecological transition. The Postgraduate Program in Organic Agriculture created in 2009 aimed at integrating theoretical and practical knowledge regarding to the conduction of organic production systems, aiming at training and capacity building of professionals to work in the public and private sectors and non-governmental organizations, whether in teaching, research, extension, technical consulting and / or management activities. The program was created at a favorable political moment, where public and private institutions of Ater, social organizations and agroecological movements gained space in the national scenario and demanded studies and expert professionals. The program offers a multidisciplinary team, a framework of research on organic production, validated by professionals from institutions like UFRRJ / Embrapa Agrobiology / PESAGRO, offering multiuse space, the Training Center in Agroecology and Organic Agriculture - CEFAO. This space of dialogue offers conditions for the exercise of the indissociability between research-teaching-extension and ensures greater effectiveness in the processes of training people and generating knowledge. In the perception of the professionals who graduated from this program, there were conditions to develop permanent and continuous educational processes in Organic Production, through a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach and the use of participative methodologies, as well as the socialization of this knowledge through the research and the approximation of popular and scientific knowledge. However, these professionals don't know the National Policy on Technical Assistance and Rural Extension - PNATER and the National Policy on Agroecology and Organic Production - PNAPO, and don't identify themselves as agents of technical assistance and rural extension. Although having actions related to the principles and guidelines of these policies. It was evidenced the necessity of reformulation of the disciplines, of the didactic material and of the greater integration of the faculty, of a greater understanding of the professional role  in the context of public policies.

The present study aimed to make a diagnosis and propose solutions to promote organic agriculture in the regions Northeastern of Para and Metropolitan of Belém. A sustainability evaluation was carried out with the application of the IDEA method at organic production systems of the Pará Orgânico Association. The IDEA method was developed by the French Ministry of Agriculture in collaboration with research, extension and teaching institutions. It proposes the evaluation of sustainability through a matrix of 41 indicators, grouped into 10 components, which comprise three dimensions: agro-environmental (19 indicators), territorial (16) and economic (6). The combination of the values of the indicators allows measuring the sustainability of each dimension, which can vary from zero to 100 points. The structure of the method defines that the sustainability of the production system is limited by the dimension that presents the lowest score. The conceptual model involves aspects of the natural, social and human sciences that, by adapting some indicators to the reality of local agroecosystems, allows the quantitative measurement of sustainability. Eleven Family Production Units were evaluated at nine municipalities in the State of Pará. In these units, the IDEA method was applied in January 2018 through interviews conducted in loco. At the evaluations, limitations were observed to the potential of the region as an important producer of vegetables and organic fruits. These limitations include lack of local inputs and organization of the association. According to the results, the sustainability of the studied region is limited by the economic dimension, which presented an average score of only 40%. In addition, the socio-territorial dimension can also be improved, since, although it is not the limiting factor at the time, it presented a score of only 50%. On the other hand, the agro-environmental dimension presented a high score, above 70%. It should be noted that the scores obtained in all dimensions are above the lower limit of sustainability, which is 30%.

Banana farming is a traditional activity that generates employment and income and has a significant presence in the context of family farming in the municipality of Espírito Santo do Dourado-MG. The region of Middle Sapucaí, where the municipality is located, encompasses peculiar characteristics, both in the geoclimatic aspect and in the management of the cultivated banana trees. This context in which the crop is inserted, allows the harvesting of a differentiated product and value-added in the market. Conventional banana cultivation systems are based on the use of agrochemicals and chemical fertilizers, which in the long run, in addition to being costly to the farmer, can also bring serious problems of human contamination and the environment, especially where the banana is historically grown , usually on steep slopes. The adoption of agroecological practices is a viable and accessible alternative, which can guarantee the consolidation of the sustainability of banana systems. In this study, a diagnosis of an applied nature was made, where twenty - five banana growers from the municipality of. Were interviewed, members of three informal groups assisted by the local Emater, for Phytosanitary Certification of Origin. The profile and characteristics of the local production system, as well as the actors involved in this process, were raised with the purpose of generating information that could guide actions of rural extension in the construction of a local model for the agroecological transition. It was observed that banana cultivation in the municipality is practically organic and farmers are eager for feasible technologies, which result in efficiency and economics in the banana, as well as the improvement of family income. This indicates a promising potential for the development and transition to agroecological and / or organic banana production systems.

Agroecology is an approach (a paradigm, a set of principles) that materializes in practice
through alternative production systems that are based on ecological, social, economic,
environmental and political principles. In this context, the school can be cited as an excellent
place to build knowledge about sustainability. The objective of this research is to analyze the
senses and the educational principles of agroecology experienced in the Municipal Center of
Agroecological Education "Artur Pagung", Vila Pavão (ES). For that, a case study was used,
with a view to analyze the educational praxis of the Municipal Center of Agroecological
Education "Artur Pagung", from March to November 2018 with the students regularly
enrolled in Elementary School Final Series (6th to 9th year), with teachers and school staff.
Data collection was performed with participant observation, since the researcher is part of the
work team of the research institution. A field diary was used as an aid, in which the
considerations concerning the research were recorded, observing daily school life, classes in
the subjects of Mathematics, Portuguese Language, Sciences and Arts of Agriculture,
Environmental Education Project; everyday practical actions at school; as well as
interpersonal relationships through cooperation. The documentary analysis was used to make
possible the understanding of the path taken in the construction of the current reality of the
researched institution, as well as its positioning before the insertion of the socioenvironmental
questions in it. Allied to observation and analysis of documents, interviews were conducted
using different questionnaires for students and teachers. The Pedagogical Proposal of the
school works with generative theme methodology related to local reality and adds disciplines
that contemplate teaching about the importance of environmental preservation and
agroecological practices, since most of its students come from the rural area and survive with
the income obtained from the fruits produced in the properties of their families. The new
approach to agriculture has been developed, and this approach is set in the science of
agroecology. The category agroecology is absent from the course plan of the subjects,
nevertheless it has been much requested in the daily school dimension as a pedagogical
practice that should be perfected by the teachers in their analytical-reflective dimension.

The policy of agrarian reform and the consequent implementation of rural settlements is of fundamental importance for the rural development strategies of the country. So much that, currently, Brazil has constituted 9,426 settlement projects that correspond to 87.34 million hectares of reformed area, distributed in 2,102 municipalities with 972,046 settled families. In the legal Amazon, there are 625,655 settled families, which occupy an area of 76,958,858.68 hectares, equivalent to 88.1% of the area destined to agrarian reform in Brazil. However, although agrarian reform is important for regional development, this dynamic has raised issues related to the environmental agenda and includes settlements as direct participants in the process of forest conversion to other uses. Specifically in the state of Mato Grosso, the environmental agenda takes on strength from the Arco do Fogo and Arco Verde and Arco Verde operations, since, in 2008, agrarian reform settlements appear as leaders in the process of deforestation in the region. This situation forces INCRA to make adjustments in environmental management in the settlements so that it can comply with the provisions of Law 12.651 / 2013 and CONAMA Resolution 489/2014. In order to do so, it establishes a partnership with the University of Brasília (UNB), which, through the RADIS project, began to perform Agrarian Systems Diagnosis and Environmental Regulation in 41 municipalities in the north of Mato Grosso, covering 27,573 families, distributed in 111 settlements. RADIS focuses its approach from three axes of action: a) environmental regularization of settlements in the North of Mato Grosso, with the elaboration of the Rural Ambient Record of lots (CAR) and elaboration of Projects for the Environmental Recovery of Degraded Areas (PRADA) ; b) adaptation of the production models and economic strengthening, aptir of the diagnosis of agrarian systems; c) research related to environmental, economic and social issues. From this action and to correlate the productive diversification and the commercialization channels with the service to the forest code in the settlements Jurena I and Paloma, in the north of Mato Grosso, this work was enhanced with the respective collection of the information inserted in the database of the RADIS project, which were extracted and organized into excel spreadsheets to enable data analysis. The data used for the study refer to social, productive and environmental variables, such as: establishment period of the settlement, date of entry of the family into the lot, land regularity, agricultural and livestock production, commercialization and environmental regularity. In this way, it was possible to analyze the profile and the productive diversity of the settled families, to identify the commercialization channels, the environmental situation and to correlate them with the service to the forest code. For the environmental evaluation data were used referring to the area destined to the permanent preservation area; areas with deforestation occurred before 2008 (consolidated areas - Law 12.651 / 2012), areas with deforestation occurred after 2008; area for infrastructure, water mirror and native vegetation area.

IN THIS PRESENT STUDY, THE DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIENCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FAMILY FARM FAIR AND THE FIRST PUBLIC CALL OF THE FOOD ACQUISITION PROGRAM IN UFRRJ, UNDER THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE AUTHOR THAT WAS ACTED AS A RESIDENT IN AGRONOMY FOR A PERIOD OF 24 MONTHS. THE RESIDENCE IS A PROGRAM OF THE INSTITUTE OF AGRONOMY WHICH ENTITLES NEWLY FORMED AGRONOMIC ENGINEERS, THE IMPROVEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES FOR THE EXERCISE OF AGRONOMIC ENGINEERING BY TRAINING IN SERVICE UNDER SUPERVISION OF A TEACHER OF UFRRJ. THE DIRECT PURCHASE OF FOOD GENERATES OF FAMILY FARMERS BY THE INSTITUTIONAL BUYING PURPOSE OF THE PURCHASING PROGRAM WAS PIONEER IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO. 340 BOXES OF BANANA SILVER CLIMATIZED, 89 BOXES OF AIPIM AND 134 KG OF PUMPKIN, TOTALIZING 8,174 KG OF FOOD, EQUIVALENT TO A GROSS BILL OF 23 THOUSAND REALS, BENEFITING THREE FARMERS DIRECTLY. DUE TO THE SUCCESS OF THE PROGRAM AND THE SUPPORT OF THE REITORIA, THE CALL # 01 OF 2017 WAS DEVELOPED FOR THE ACQUISITION OF 18 ITEMS AND IS EXPECTED A MORE EXPRESSIVE ACCESSION OF THE LOCAL FARMERS. THE FAMILY AGRICULTURE FAIR, INITIALLY PERFORMED IN THE TWO FIRST FAIRS OF THE MONTH, WAS TOOK WEEKLY THANKS TO THE GROWING SUPPORT THROUGH THE PURCHASES OF THE PRODUCTS BY THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY AND SEROPÉDICA IN RECOGNITION OF QUALITY, DIVERSIFICATION, PRODUCT PRESENTATION AND ACCESSIBLE PRICES. IN THEIR 26TH EDITION, WITH GROSS BILLING OF 128 THOUSAND REINS UNTIL THE MONTH OF JUNE OF THE CURRENT, THE FAF HAS BENEFITED ABOUT 30 FAIRS, MOST OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF SEROPÉDICA WITH INCLUSION OF YOUNG PEOPLE AND WOMEN. THE FAIR OF FAMILY FARMING IN UFRRJ CONSOLIDATED AS A SPACE FOR INTEGRATION BETWEEN FARMERS AND THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY CONTRIBUTING TO INCREASE THE OFFER OF LOCALLY PRODUCED ORGANIC FOODS. THE DEMAND FOR THE FIRST PUBLIC CALL FOR THE ACQUISITION OF FAMILY AGRICULTURE FOODS FOR THE UNIVERSITY RESTAURANT WAS PARTIALLY SERVED (25%), NOT SUCH SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS - OBJECTIVES AND SUBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED IN THE REALITY OF SUPPLY PRODUCERS, POINTING TO THE POTENTIAL EXPRESSION OF THESE ACTIONS TO STIMULATE THE FAMILY AGRICULTURE OF THE SEROPODIC TERRITORY, GENERATE INCOME AND INCREASE THE OFFER OF ORGANIC FOODS TO THE ACADEMIC COMMUNITY.

The regulatory framework defined by Law 10.831 of 2003 and regulated by Decree Nº 6.323 of 2007 has made organic quality assurance processes more accessible to low-income family farmers. Through Social Control Organizations (SCO) and Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS), family farmers can ensure the organic quality of their product at more affordable costs compared to audit certification. However, both the SCO and the PGS require the farmers' families and the rural extension and technical assistance agencies to take a systemic approach to issues related to production units, mainly materialized in the preparation of the document entitled "Organic Management Plan". In agriculture, the systemic approach has become increasingly necessary, due to the growing complexity of man-made and organized systems and the emergence of the concept of sustainability, which has introduced new challenges in rural areas, especially in relation to the socio-environmental issue. The adjustment of farm families to the regulations requires ATER to break with the conventional model of interpretation and reality analysis based on reductionism. In this sense, the objective of this work is to develop participative methodologies for the elaboration of Organic Management Plans in thes cope of family production units belonging to a group of SPG-ABIO (Association of Biological Producers of the State of Rio de Janeiro), in municipalities of Casimiro de Abreu e Silva Jardim in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in order to reflect and improve the tools of planning formulation, as well as the management of the property by the management family, meeting the requirements of the Organic Law regulation, and optimizing ATER actions in this context. In order to meet this objective, methodologies such as the transversal walk and the making of spoken maps were applied to the familiar production units to support the elaboration of the Organic Management Plans, using participant observation, a self-administered questionnaire, and of the data collection of the ABIO forms to analyze the relevance of these methodologies, as well as the increase of agroecological practices in the production units, between March 2016 and March 2018. The study allowed to conclude that the applied participatory methodologies are significant in what agroecological knowledge, and that the farmers involved appropriated their products, adopting them in their group dynamics, evidencing the need to improve the tools and strategies for the elaboration of the Organic Management Plans with in the scope of the family farming.

Banana farming is present in all the tropical regions of the world and its major component, including Brazil. The phytosanitary nature of banana farming is worrying, and many pathogens of the fungal nature enter the crop, some very severely, such as black sigatoka. Further leakage and resistance to resistant and pathogen tolerant varieties are the ones that further reduce production costs by reducing the use of agrochemicals. In this study, the categories Prata Maravilha, FHIA 18, BRS Princesa and BRS Platina had their successful performance in the environmental evaluations of the municipality of Seropédica-RJ, under organic management, aiming at obtaining subsidies that may aid in the development of banana-growing in Rio de Janeiro state. The first two tests were not satisfactory for yellow sigatoka disease, the disease widely disseminated in RJ, and those were satisfactory for this and other diseases, its susceptibility to black sigatoka restricts its cultivation in areas known to be affected by this disease.

The search for organic inputs for agricultural activities sustainably produced, offered at affordable costs to organic farmers has grown due to the demand for organic food in Brazil. The use of composted organic waste is an alternative to meeting the needs of organic fertilizer on crops. The objective of this work was to prospect and analyze agricultural residues for use in organic agriculture and, through the composting process, the effect of the application of elaborated organic fertilizers on the productivity and nutrient content of the aerial part of lettuce plants. Initially, interviews were conducted with farmers in the region of Mogi das Cruzes and Suzano identifying sources of organic waste. Chemical analysis of residues for the preparation of organic compounds were made. The obtained compounds were analyzed and evaluated as fertilizers used in basic fertilization in lettuce cultivation in an open field experiment with a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted in the use of different compounds: grass and quail manure; grass and chicken manure; grass and cattle manure; composed of mushroom and chicken manure; mushroom compound black shimeji; mushroom white shimeji compound; composed of black shimeji mushroom and quail manure; and control. The organic compounds applied in the lettuce cultivation provided higher fresh biomass production of the aerial part in relation to the control, except for the organic compound obtained exclusively from the residue of the shimeji white mushroom production. Regarding the nutrient content of lettuce, there were no significant differences for the different treatments. The use of composted organic residues for the production of organic fertilizers proved to be feasible for lettuce cultivation in organic production systems.

To evaluate the potentialities and limitations for the adoption of agroecological practices, a study was carried out with 10 (ten) farmers in the São José da Boa Morte settlement, in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu-RJ. In the visits to the production units, interviews were conducted with the farmers with questionnaire application, raising aspects related to the social, agroecological / environmental and economic dimensions. Farmers are over 40 years of age and in six (6) production units, at least one child is engaged in agricultural activities, mainly as a farmer. Participated or participated in organizational forms and revealed that an active association could facilitate the claims allusive to the infrastructure needs of the settlement and the production marketing process. They choose their crops mainly due to the market potential and the planting tradition. They are interested in the planting of tree species, prioritizing the fruit trees, choosing them due to the provision of food for their families and for wild animals, to be able to contribute to increase family income, among other reasons. The preferred places for planting are near their homes and along the fences or limitations of the production units, aiming personal and family welfare, delimitation and / or use of area, as well as ecological aspects. Of the 10 (ten) farmers interviewed, 06 (six) have the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and (01) one knows what is the Permanent Preservation Area (APP) and the Legal Reserve Area (RL). Also, 08 (eight) farmers have problems with excess water in the summer, which restricts planting of grains and grains for approximately 06 (six) months. The interviewees used or used at least one agroecological practice as application of phytosanitary syrup for pest control, green manuring, Diodia saponariifolia planting for control of spontaneous plants, mowing and mulching, crop rotation and application of liquid biofertilizer. Only 02 (two) interviewees sell part of the production to the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), although 08 (eight) producers have the PRONAF Aptitude Statement (DAP). The greatest difficulty for participation in the program is the lack of information by (6) also carry out or have sold directly to consumers and (05) have an interest in the expansion of this form of marketing, with the main difficulties being the reduced quantity of agricultural products absorbed by the market The study identifies some limitations to the adoption of agroecological practices, however, it points to several potentialities for its adoption. It leads to the suggestion of seeking information by community representatives from municipal and state entities on the PNAE and PAA, CAR and public policies for the agricultural sector, which may strengthen the marketing process and better use of the areas of production units. Farmers will be able to resume the planting of some crops, which could be part of their crop design, contributing to the increase of biodiversity and, therefore, to the gradual recovery of more stable systems towards agroecological production.

This work was developed by the Many People Interested in Organic Cultivation – in free translation of the original Portuguese acronym (MOGICO) association of Juiz de Fora, which is part of the Participative Guarantee System of the Association of Organic Farmers of the State of Rio de Janeiro (SPG-ABIO). The association MOGICO, initially made up of consumers and producers, was formed in 2013 to supply the demand for organic food in the municipality. While on the one hand the participatory system of organic compliance (SPG) is more accessible, especially for family farmers, on the other hand, it requires a systemic approach, both in relation to the issues of the agroecological conversion process of the production units, regarding the collective process of assessing organic compliance. There are two instruments of importance for the SPG: The Organic Management Plan (PMO) and the verification visits. In this context, this dissertation aims to describe the process of construction of the Organic Management Plan (PMO) of two family units of production and to validate the scope of the use of a standardization protocol that assists the visits of verification of organic compliance. For the elaboration of the PMO, the "Participatory Rural Extension Methodology for Sustainable Development" was used; and for validation of the protocol constructed by the members of the GSP, the methodology of "Participatory Observation in Qualitative Research" was used. The first stage of the work consisted in description and analysis of the process of confection of the PMO and the organic certification of the two-family units. In the second stage, it was reported the process of elaboration of a protocol, its application in the verification visits, and the validation of the reach of the same carried out by the SPG-ABIO / MOGICO. As a result of the research work, the need for technical support to the family farmers for the elaboration of the PMO was evidenced. In this way, the construction of the PMO, made with the aid of the participative methodology mentioned above, facilitated the
process of conversion of the production units. Regarding the use of the protocol in the verification visits, it has been shown to be a guiding instrument for the assessment of organic compliance in the SPG and may: assist members in the process of appropriation of standards according to Brazilian legislation; contribute to ensuring the active participation of all concerned; facilitate the temporal recording and systematization of the verification results. From the evaluation of the organic compliance of units of the SPG-ABIO / MOGICO, through the proposed standardization protocol, it is concluded that it is possible to analyze weaknesses and potentialities of the production units, therefore, of the group of this System.

Considered a multifunctional practice of importance for the ecological management of the soil, the green manure can add contributions to the conventional agricultural production systems, as for the organic ones, or to those in the agroecological transition. Considering that there is a set of knowledge generated dispersed in different formats of dissemination of information, it is timely an analysis and systematization of research results and the search for vehicles of dissemination of these in a fast, concise and accessible. In this sense, the objective of this work consisted of systematizing, based on a bibliographical research based on scientific bases, information on 25 species of tropical legumes used for green manuring, in order to integrate an application focused on mobile devices. Thus, it is sought to provide a technological innovation that facilitates and reduces the time necessary for consultations regarding this practice by subsidizing decision-making. The application was developed by the UFRRJ's Tutorial-Information Systems Education Program (PET-SI) to serve a language close to predefined user profiles, considering students and professionals in Agrarian Sciences and farmers. Among the main results, it is possible to highlight the accessibility to different user profiles of legume species for green manure, with emphasis on the attributes related to botanical, agronomic and adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. Photographic images were also available with details of the root system, the root nodules, and the aerial part of leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Important knowledge gaps have been identified, mainly for canava gladiata. In addition, the information available on the shrub species Crotalaria grahamiana, Crotalaria micans, Flemingia macrophylla, Tephrosia vogelli and Tephrosia sinapou under Brazilian soil and climatic conditions is scarce, which points to the need to carry out future research work, that these shrub species are of great potential for use in different arrangements of productive farming systems. Simultaneously, a questionnaire was applied with potential users within the profile of professionals in Agricultural Sciences containing the complete description of two legume species. It can be reported that 97% of the interviewees already knew the technique of green manuring and 53% highlighted the access to information as the main obstacle to the dissemination of this practice. Regarding application features, 80% had no difficulty installing it on the "smartphone"; 54% emphasized the quality of the technical content; and 97% rated the application as useful for both beginners and those who already use green manure. Considering the proposed objective, it became possible to build and make available the application, compatible with mobile devices, Tropical Legumes for Green Fertilization.

Agroecology and organic agriculture, grounded in a systemic and balanced view of the principles of environmental integrity, economic viability and social equity, have undergone profound transformations since the beginning, in terms of recognition and consolidation as sustainable alternatives to conventional agriculture. Knowing this process is necessary to help us understand the scenario that has been unfolding, in this aspect, in Tocantins. The research was configured as a case study, as advocated by Yin (2015), with methodology based on observations of documental analysis arranged on the Internet; in institutional physical archives and by attending meetings. The study raised the scenario of agroecology and organic production in the state of Tocantins, regarding the profile of producers and organic production, marketing channels used, strategies for the construction of agroecological knowledge, established socio-technical networks, social movements involved and public policies accessed producers. As well as opportunities and challenges to be drawn from experience, such as Food Traceability; the Public Organic Certification and the Protocol of Agroecological Transition. It is concluded that the State of Tocantins is in full development, and why not say, initial processes of expansion and consolidation of the agroecological movement and organic state production. It is also probable that the premature formation of the State is one of the factors that explain the still immature awakening of sustainability in the local agricultural scenario. It was found that there are many similar actions and activities with the purpose of providing sustainability to Tocantins, in the most diverse public and private organizational spheres, but that are not discussed or articulated in the common interest. And that a more consistent and committed articulation proposal between these institutions, as well as new actors, such as Adapec, are necessary for the promotion of sustainable development in the State.

The strawberry is a fruit known for having a short shelf-life, which is a big problem for its marketing. So, this works pretends to compare some viable alternatives in order to extend the shelf-life of the strawberry. For this, was tasted the following treatments: ozonized water, two kinds of biocontrol with fungi bio antagonist, potable water and alkaline electrolyzed water in ripped strawberries of Portola’s cultivar farmed under the principles of Organic Agriculture in the region of Lago Oeste – DF. Besides that, in the experimental setup, has been adopted a control treatment (strawberry without treatment). The quality analyses of the fruits was realized in four times: In the first 24 hours after the immersion in the treatments (time zero), after 72 hours (time tree), after 144 hours (time six) and after 216 hours (time nine). Was adopted the experimental design completely
randomized factorial (six treatment x four times of evaluation), with three repetitions. During this period the strawberries has been stored in a B.O.D. chamber at 5 °C. In the biological analyses step, was evaluated the presence of molds and in the physicochemical analyses step was evaluated the parameters: weight, pH, Total Titratable Acidity (ATT), Total Soluble Solids (SST) and the relation SST/ATT (Ratio). With data collection has
been made the analyses of variance. Was observed that the treatment with alkaline water was efficient in the mold control. About the physicochemical analyses neither of the treatments presented a expressive influence this parameters. So the use of alkaline electrolized water on the post-harvest showed a good alternative to reduce the mold population because reduced the mold population without affect the physicochemical integrity of the fruit, improving the quality of the shelf-life os strawberry.

The main objective of this work was to study, evaluate and offer suggestions for improvement to the procedures used to deal with the proposals for the financing of the acquisition of rural property, with funds from the Land Fund and Agrarian Reform in the State of Rio de Janeiro. It was tried to raise the procedures for the processing of proposals aimed at granting financing; verify the methodology adopted by the State Technical Unit (UTE) in the financing proposals; describe the processing of proposals in the UTE and propose alternatives to accelerate the flow of proposals to Banco da Terra. In order to do so, we sought a theoretical basis that allowed us to delineate fundamental questions about family agriculture in Brazil, socio-environmental sustainability and agroecology, understanding that these issues constitute the background for the discussion of public policies, especially the National Program of Land Credit - PNCF, and its operation in Rio de Janeiro. The qualitative methodology was adopted on a participatory basis, since it is the one that best allows both the knowledge of the problem and the perception of the different actors that interact in the universe researched. From the analysis carried out, it is possible to detect several problems in the flow of proposals, and to indicate measures that can facilitate the agility of these flows, in addition to the necessary continuous training of the different individuals who work in the instances involved in the Program.

The municipality of Rio das Ostras produces a large volume of pruning waste and gardens, which is collected for the composting plant. The compound generated is used in public gardens and agriculture. With the current economic crisis affecting the country, the city has reduced its spending to services considered essential. The composting plant only started to crush the residue, and the farmer has to complete the composting process. The farmer often does not apply any composting technique on the material received. The objective of this work is to determine the technical and economic viability of the implementation of improvements in the processing of the pruning residues and gardens carried out in the composting plant, and to evaluate the use of compost obtained as input for the production of vegetables and aromatics. An experiment was set up with the following treatments: T1- Stack with pruning residue and gardens without maintenance of humidity; T2- Stack with pruning residue and gardens with maintenance of humidity; T3- Stack with pruning residue and gardens with maintenance of humidity + 1.0% (v / v) of castor cake; T4- Stack with pruning residue and gardens with maintenance of humidity + application of EM (Embiotic®). pH, electrical conductivity, density, C / N ratio, total content of C, N, Ca, Mg, P and K were evaluated throughout the 120 days of the process. The results of the compost obtained demonstrate the technical feasibility of implementing improvements in the composting process of the pruning residue and gardens, and the treatment with addition of castor bean cake presented the most positive results. Although all the compounds obtained from the four treatments fit within the MAPA standards as organic fertilization, they do not fit within the CONAMA Resolution No. 481 (CONAMA, 2017) as the temperature required for the hygienization of the compounds.

Agroforestry systems (AFS) are part of the secular strategies that allow us to establish a mode of production that maintains and renews natural resources, especially in tropical areas. The present case study of a group of farmers established in the city of Guapimirim, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was carried out with the objective of evaluating whether its location in the surroundings of Conservation Units was relevant in the decision making in adopting agroforestry systems as a form food production and income generation. For this, the processes of construction of the productive systems and the possible contributions originated from the predominant forest landscape in the region were evaluated. The study involved family farmers who organized themselves in the Association of Rural Producers and Craftsmen of the Fojo - AFOJO Microbiology and marketed in the organic fairs of Guapimirim and the CCS and CT of UFRJ. The municipality was inserted in the area of coverage of Conservation Units such as the Serra National Park of the organs and the APA of Guapimirim and Guapi-Guapiaçu. Data were collected through meetings with farmers and visits to six production family units, using cross-strap DRP techniques and semi-structured interviews. In addition, information was obtained from the extension and technical assistance entities that worked with the group. The results showed that there was no direct influence of the environmental CU for the adoption of AFS. It was found that the main reason was the aid of technical advice and rural extension, made mainly by non-governmental organizations. In any case, the use of agroforestry systems brought positive aspects in the environmental context, with the evident maintenance of the forest landscape in a region that still keeps remnants of the Atlantic Forest, and in the social and economic context, with the researched families managing to stay in the middle with agricultural production. Families have shown that it is possible to generate income and guarantee their maintenance, recovering and conserving the local environment. Fojo farmers built diverse agroforestry systems with the use of banana, peach palm, citrus, jackfruit, mango, guava, and especially conilon coffee, from harvesting to roasting, milling and packaging. performed exclusively by them, being considered as the product of identity of the group. They also used native forest species that were sparse in the region and planted new individuals, such as pau-jacaré, ingazeiro and embaúba. They used in their AFS techniques of low use of external inputs, promoting the conservation of the natural resources and the sustainability of the system. The location also allowed Fojo farmers the opportunity to promote the direct sale to the final consumer of differentiated products, with an appeal of the true agroforestry production.