Climate change has been the subject of intense debate, and among its manifestations are
heavy rainfall events, which cause significant impacts on the population. Recent examples
include events in Rio Grande do Sul (2024/2025), Petrópolis (2022/2024), Ubatuba (2025),
Minas Gerais (2026), and also in the municipality of Japeri-RJ in 2024 (the focus of this
study). Within this context, the interest in developing this research emerged from contact with
three public schools. Throughout the pedagogical practices carried out in these spaces, it was
observed that students did not perceive the influence of rainfall on their daily activities, nor
did they recognize the risks present in their everyday lives. Thus, the present study aimed to
“analyze the importance of working with climate risks related to rainfall with the 6th grade of
elementary school at João XXIII Municipal School, in the municipality of Japeri, RJ, in order
to develop a geographic education for risks”. It is believed that geographic education for
climate risk can contribute to social transformation by fostering critical awareness.
Methodologically, this qualitative research involved the analysis of the 6th grade textbook
adopted by the municipal education network of Japeri-RJ, the analysis of its curricular
planning, interviews with the Municipal Civil Defense, and a set of activities involving
community participation, student observation, social cartography production, and the
construction of models. These procedures strengthened dialogue, collective construction, and
the participation of the 6th grade class at João XXIII Municipal School (Japeri-RJ). In this
perspective, the study demonstrates how geographic education for risk can contribute to the
prevention of climate-related hazards, taking schools as a starting point, and highlights the
possibilities of working with the theme of risk linked to the teaching of climatology,
articulating theory and practice in a meaningful way connected to students’ daily realities.
The results indicate that geographic education for risk is essential in the development of social
subjects and needs to be effectively addressed within the school environment. The analysis of
the teaching materials revealed that the theme is presented superficially and in parallel with
other approaches, without being permanently integrated into curricular planning, which
highlights the need to rethink the curriculum. Furthermore, it was observed that individuals
living in risk contexts often do not identify these risks or know how to respond to them, nor
do they perceive that such outcomes are consequences of human interventions. Therefore, the
use of pedagogical practices facilitated students’ learning and understanding, contributing to
preventive education and environmental responsibility, while strengthening their sense of
belonging to their place and lived space. Ultimately, the dissertation highlights the role of the
school not as a passive space, but as a living laboratory and a preparatory environment for
fostering a culture of risk prevention and community resilience.

This study proposes an investigation into the presence and effects of whiteness in undergraduate and graduate programs in Geography at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). The research seeks to understand how whiteness, historically associated with positions of power and privilege, manifests itself in academic daily life, shaping relationships, practices, and knowledge produced in this institution.
The research is justified by the need to unveil the power structures that naturalize whiteness in the academic space, often camouflaged under the discourse of merit and impartiality. By analyzing the racial composition of faculty and students, the dynamics of power relations, such as advising between students and professors, competition for grades, and the curricular organization itself, the research aims to investigate how whiteness influences the production of geographical knowledge and the formation of future teachers and graduate students.
Based on interviews with the academic community and a theoretical analysis of whiteness, race, and hegemonic territories, the goal is to understand how geography, as a field of knowledge, has been used to legitimize and reproduce racial inequalities. By "geographizing" the discussion about whiteness, the research will contribute to a critical reflection on these spaces and territories constructed and sustained by the power structures of whiteness, especially in the context of a public university located in a peripheral and Black region of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

The work intends to discuss the spatial circuits of Uber drivers' activity, particularly the case of drivers who need to rent cars to be able to work. The intention is to research how this dimension generates a new reality of inequality, difficulty and exploitation for workers, who are not only subordinated to a platform but also to the rent of their work environment. The focus is workers in the city of Rio de Janeiro.

The Tinguá Biological Reserve (TBR), a full protection conservation protected area in the municipalities of Nova Iguaçu, Duque de Caxias, Miguel Pereira, and Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), was historically established to protect water sources that have supplied part of the Rio de Janeiro metropolitan region since the imperial period. However, the rivers protected by this unit face degradation challenges in urban areas, where pollution and inequalities in water access highlight socio-environmental conflicts. This study proposes environmental education practices combined with popular communication, anchored in the concept of the hydrosocial cycle, which integrates the natural, political, and cultural dimensions of water. Using these tools, it becomes possible to convey more effectively to the community the importance of the water’s journey—from its natural cycle to the social sphere, where it undergoes anthropogenic changes. This approach emphasizes the social dynamics of water and underscores the role of TRB in preserving these rivers. The hydrosocial cycle concept stresses the need for a critical understanding of water, which cannot be reduced to its physical availability or distribution techniques but must be analyzed within the broader context of social relations and power structures. The methodology combines exploratory, documentary, and theoretical analysis with participatory action research, including participant observation through the author’s perspective, who is directly involved in the reserve’s socio-environmental initiatives. In addition to the analysis, pedagogical workshops were conducted in three local schools. These activities demonstrated that environmental education, by linking biodiversity conservation and social rights, also strengthens citizenship, revealing water as a vital element connecting nature and society. Popular communication emerged as an empowerment tool, fostering dialogue with the community.

This study investigates how Community-Based Environmental Education (EABC) manifests as resistance and territorial strengthening in marginalized communities. The general objective is to understand socio-environmental practices based on EABC that emerge from territories through community experiences of certain groups within modern society. To achieve this, the specific objectives are: to analyze the development of EABC through the academic productions and experiences of the Grupo de Estudos em Educação Ambiental desde el Sur (GEASur); to understand how EABC practices emerge in contexts of territorial conflicts and tensions, focusing on the experiences with the Associação dos Agricultores da Feira Agroecológica de Campo Grande, Processadores de Alimentos, Artesãos e Amigos (AAFA); and to develop a field notebook to document these experiences and practices. The study adopts Textual Discourse Analysis (ATD) to examine seven dissertations and theses from GEASur, produced between 2014 and 2024, investigating how EABC is academically addressed and its relationships with territorial conflicts and community resistance. Additionally, participant research is used as a methodological strategy for immersion in AAFA’s activities, allowing knowledge construction through direct experience in the territory. The theoretical foundation is based on the concepts of community, discussed by Bauman and Nego Bispo; territory, as reflected upon by Haesbaert; and Environmental Education, with contributions from Mauro Guimarães. The expected results of this research contribute to deepening the concept of EABC, broadening the understanding of its relationship with territorial conflicts and community resistance practices. Furthermore, the field notebook produced will serve as a tool for recording and reflecting on AAFA’s experiences, potentially supporting future educational practices and strengthening Environmental Education initiatives rooted in local territories.

The housing provision at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro is linked to the period in which the institution was built and to the particularities of the location where it is located. The Residential National Properties (PNRs), as these properties intended for staff housing are called, still maintain characteristics that reinforce the rural character of the location. In order to understand the role that these PNRs play in the lives of the institution's staff, a survey was conducted to identify the factors that influenced UFRRJ staff to want to live in the functional property and to analyze how they perceive the quality of life in the location. 59 PNR residents answered the questionnaire, which also assessed the group's quality of life using the WHOQOL-8 instrument. Based on the results obtained, it was found that 97.6% of the participants elected proximity to work as the most relevant factor in the decision to live in the PNR. The tranquility of the location was also indicated as an attractive characteristic of the location. 79.6% of the permit holders like the place where they live and 72.9% believe that their quality of life has improved after coming to live in the PNR. The characteristics that have had the most positive impact on their quality of life are the tranquility of the place and the contact with nature that it allows. In terms of negative aspects, the lack of adequate means of transportation received the worst evaluation from the group, with 50.9% of negative evaluations. The characteristic that has the most negative impact on the quality of life of the employees in the place is the quality of the provision of electricity and water supply services. In the evaluation of quality of life, using the WHOQOL-8, the group obtained 65.57 points, equivalent to a regular quality of life. However, the self-assessment of the quality of life of the group is considered good, with 75.42 points. Regarding satisfaction with the place where they live, the residents of the Ecologia neighborhood were more satisfied than the residents of the UFRRJ neighborhood.

The present research aims to analyze the commercialization of goods propagated by informal commerce in the railway transport mode of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, from the perspective of the two circuits of the urban economy. Throughout the proposal, questions will be raised regarding the role of transport as an axis of organization and segregation of urban space. We also intend to discuss the impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the reproduction of street vendors.

This dissertation was developed with the aim of understanding the environmental changes that have occurred along the territory drained by the Sarapuí River. The study addresses the transformation processes of the aforementioned river and its dynamics, from the 19th century to the first quartile of the 21st century. In order to cover a broad time frame, this work was divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, we address the theoretical field of environmental history, providing a brief retrospective on the origin of this field of knowledge and the importance of this methodology for studies related to the environment. In the second chapter, we address the research on the transformations that have occurred along the Sarapuí River, from the 19th century, to the engineering disciplines that profoundly modified the morphology of the river in the first half of the 20th century. Finally, we conclude with a research analyzing the environmental management processes of the river and its main effects on the population, such as recurrent floods that affect, above all, the most vulnerable populations.

The research focuses on reflecting on the presence of black women in the Graduate Program in Geography at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Through the educational and life narratives of six black women enrolled in the master's program (I include myself in this group), we analyzed the issues that permeate our bodies and identities. Historically, it has been observed that the situation of black women in society, especially in Brazil, is marked by exploitation, domination, and inferiority. In this research, we resort to intersectionality as a method of epistemological disobedience. The resistance and liberation that accompany the reflections of black feminism will support the analyses. When analyzing the axes of oppression suffered by black women from the period of slavery to the present day, we observed that the intersections occur in life and educational trajectories at different moments and in different social spaces, including the school and academic spaces where our interlocutors spent most of their lives, which are also impacted by structural racism and sexism, promoting erasure, underrepresentation, and undervaluation, which contributes to delegitimizing black knowledge and experiences. As the data analyzed in this study show, it is clear that the number of black women applying to the graduate program in Geography (Master's) is still lower when compared to the number of white men and women. Therefore, this research observed that structural racism and sexism permeate the lives of black women in higher education, subjecting them to “double or triple oppression” (Anzaldúa, 2000; Gonzalez, 2020) throughout their entire trajectory, as revealed by the narratives of black women in this study, causing damage, psychological harm, and difficulty in gaining recognition within the academic space. At the same time, it reveals a path of overcoming and resistance throughout the course of racist violence experienced by these women. The research sought to break with univocal, crystallized methodologies that neglect the subjectivities of black life experiences, guided by an intersectional perspective to analyze the axes of oppression that involve the lives of our interviewees, black women enrolled in the master's program. Thus, the work demonstrates the trajectory of black women to graduate school, portraying their experiences and expectations for change through education. The narratives reveal the effects of structural racism and sexism in everyday life. As well as the need to build public policies for permanence, anti-racism, and emancipation within the university.

Brazil, being a historically Catholic country, has experienced a remarkable growth of evangelicals in recent decades, among whom women have emerged as leaders in spaces that were exclusively designed for the male gender. In light of the increase in churches led by women, the general objective of the research is to analyze the territorial rise of female pastorship in the Cacuia neighborhood of Nova Iguaçu/RJ, in the face of structural machismo and patriarchally consolidated norms within the Pentecostal milieu. The methodology is qualitative, involving a review of the theoretical framework on the topic, and the application of interviews with the subjects of the research, who are evangelical pastors and leaders of Pentecostal religious communities. In the field of the Geography of Religion, the phenomenon has drawn the attention of some researchers such as Silva (2010) and Miranda (2009); the rise of female pastorship leads us to understand this phenomenon as an act of restructuring or remodeling a masculine territory, giving rise to female power. The emerging voice of women in these spaces urges researchers to uncover the reasons that led to the ministerial flexibility of female leadership, as well as whether and how machismo manifests itself in the churches of the Pentecostal movement. Even in the face of such exclusion, some spaces where management was male proved to be inclusive and even advocates for women's ministry. On the other hand, a significant number of reports of prejudice coming from the women themselves was identified. Overall, the female pastoral ministry has not been a movement of resistance against structural machismo, because female leaders do not confront the problem directly; they only defend themselves or limit themselves to questioning it. However, the research brings important contributions to the topic, revealing some peculiarities and exclusive reports from certain interviews, which opened pathways to interpret many questions raised in other works.

Keywords: 

Geography teaching is a very relevant field for society, since its content enables students to perceive themselves in space and understand the dynamics present in it. In this sense, the research highlights this theme in Conservation Units, as they are places with diversity and potential for teaching, with the Nova Iguaçu Municipal Natural Park (PNMNI) as the area of focus. Thus, the main objective of the work is to analyze the potential of the PNMNI for teaching hydrography and vegetation aimed at elementary school II. To achieve the research results, a theoretical-conceptual deepening was carried out a priori through some concepts, namely: place, based on Tuan (1986[1930]), Oliveira (2013) and Queiroz(2018); landscape, based on Falcão Sobrinho (2025); Conservation Units, based on Queiroz (2023), Morais (1997), Diegues (2008), Vallejo (2009), and Aguiar (2018); educational practices in non-formal environments, based on Gohn (2006), Almeida (2014) and Quadra et al. (2016) and, finally, with regard to the teaching of geography, on Macêdo (2016), Leite et al. (2020), and Cavalcanti (2008). Following the bibliographic survey, fieldwork was carried out at the conservation unit and the chosen school for on-site observation and photographic records of the potential of the place. Finally, an activity/workshop was held with 7th-grade students on the PNMNI. The research does not have a single methodology, but rather a multi-methodological approach. This is because it involved different stages, such as bibliographic research, document analysis, fieldwork-based environmental studies, and workshops, using a qualitative approach. The research sought to understand the potential of the PNMNI for teaching geography, given its relevance. The results obtained show how these analyzed possibilities can be used in training moments, thus strengthening students' teaching and learning.

This work, entitled "Samba Schools in Intendente: The Presence of Women in the Carnival of Rio's Suburbs," aims to highlight female participation in the context of samba schools and identify the groups within the access groups that parade along Estrada Intendente Magalhães, known as the "people's walkway." The interest in addressing this topic stemmed from my work as a visual artist, who has been conducting research since 2016, through photography and dialogue with event participants and audiences in the parade area. During Carnival, Intendente Magalhães becomes a meeting point for the plurality of groups from different neighborhoods and other cities in the state of Rio de Janeiro, constituting a moment of celebration of a year-long journey of experiences and work that encompasses several aspects: the conception, execution, maintenance, and artistic production of various segments. To prepare this dissertation, the research project adopted various methodological investigation procedures, namely: a qualitative approach, through the review of existing bibliographies, data collection from relevant institutions, research of archival photographs, field research with interviews, and photographic work in the parade assembly and preparation area. The main theoretical arguments are anchored in the following references: geographer Geny Ferrreira Guimarães's considerations on the concept of place and Black heritage are relevant; Milton Santos's reflection is based on the notion of used territory and the epistemology of existence; historian Beatriz Nascimento's concept of quilombo and samba school; and author Leda Maria Martins's concepts of spiral time and oralitura. These issues, due to their great breadth and diversity, will not be addressed in their entirety, but rather through the inclusion and movement of the associations in the access group parade, and through the testimonies and photographs, prioritizing the 2024/2025 biennium. The research aims to contribute to the involvement of some questions and reflections about cultural production, the occupation of the city by samba schools that perform in the access group, highlighting the centrality of the female and black presence in the carnival of the Rio suburbs.

Currently, Environmental Education has become an important tool for understanding the
conservation of natural resources and the nature around us. Therefore, disseminating this discussion
and addressing this topic in schools is essential so that individuals can have contact with
Environmental Education from their earliest years. This study investigates the potential of the
School Garden as a pedagogical tool and a catalyst for the development of critical and
contextualized Environmental Education. The empirical focus is the Jaceruba settlement, an
agricultural area in the buffer zone of the Tinguá Biological Reserve, where conflicts between
production models and conservation demand localized educational solutions. The main objective of
this research was to analyze how the Environmental Education in Focus Project, implemented at the
Jaceruba Municipal School, can establish the school as a central hub for the discussion of
sustainability and promote the articulation between the school environment and the community of
producers. The methodology used is qualitative and exploratory in nature, structured as a case
study, based on the precepts of Critical Environmental Education and Agroecology. The project's
actions included the construction of the garden as a "living laboratory," thematic workshops, and
the installation of supporting infrastructure. The results demonstrate that the school garden
transcended its physical function, proving to be an effective tool for interdisciplinary teaching,
community engagement (through the participation of parents and students in the workshops), and
practical demonstration of sustainable cultivation alternatives, offering a pedagogical counterpoint
to the conventional agricultural model. It is concluded that, by contextualizing teaching and
connecting theory with local productive practice, the school, through the garden, consolidates itself
as the central and articulating agent of Environmental Education in the settlement.

Gamification in Geography education has grown in recent decades with the support of digital technologies, such as software, virtual reality applications, and digital games. Understood as the application of game elements in educational contexts, gamification constitutes an innovative and effective didactic resource, capable of increasing students' interest and understanding of content, encouraging critical thinking, autonomy, and meaningful learning. This research analyzes the effectiveness of gamified strategies in Geography teaching for 6th-grade classes in elementary school, based on the application of analog games (adapted Uno) and digital games (Wander and Fly, via Meta Quest), at the Áurea Pires da Gama Municipal School, Bracuí, in Angra dos Reis, and at the private school Instituto Galileu Galilei, in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro. The mixed methodology used made it possible to observe and compare the involvement, participation, and appropriation of content by students in playful and technological activities. The results indicated that the teaching approach contributed to more dynamic and engaging experiences, in contrast to traditional teaching, enhanced by the use of digital and peripheral resources, such as virtual reality glasses. This organization fostered interaction, interest, and critical learning among students of a generation strongly connected to digital technologies

The quilombola communities Lagoa do João, Pimenteira and Vassouras are located in the municipality of Poções-Ba, in the semi-arid region. They come from similar historical processes.

The purpose of this research is centered on the following question: How does the peasant and identity reproduction process of the quilombola communities Lagoa do João, Pimenteira and Vassouras in the municipality of Poções-BA occur?

Thus, this work has the purpose of questioning the relationship between the peasantry and the quilombola identity, with regard to the reproduction of identity, work in the field and in the political struggle.

The use of Geotechnologies has become common in our daily lives, whether for location to portray a phenomenon or simply to learn more about the space we live in. However, in Brazil, there are still few cartographic representations that can cover smaller scales and are accessible to people with visual impairments. The Botanical Garden of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (JB-UFRRJ), is a space where students, employees and residents of Seropédica use to stroll, relax and learn a little more about the flora present on the campus, in addition to being a space leisure, is also intended for Environmental Education. This research constructed a tactile map of the UFRRJ Botanical Garden, in addition to tactile representations of the most important points of this place, in order to portray its landscape. By producing these materials, the number of tactile representations increases and the possibility of reaching more and more spaces for the inclusion of people with visual impairments. The methodology used was Didactic Engineering, which is a qualitative approach, through research into possible materials that can be used in the construction of tactile materials. With the research carried out, the proposed materials were constructed through the use of microcapsulated paper (swell paper), which, when heated by a fusing machine, has its alcohol microparticles, in contact with black ink, expanded, becoming in high relief. This work is justified by the need for more tactile representations of the spaces in which we live, and the inclusion of people with visual impairments, in addition to bringing accessibility to a space used by various audiences at UFRRJ, whose main objective is Environmental Education. Finally, the results produced will be made available to the UFRRJ Botanical Garden: two tactile maps of the most prominent points in the place and also other tactile representations of its landscape.

The concept of quality of life standards encompasses various factors that assess individual or collective well-being. Among them, highlights include the time devoted to work, leisure, and health services, as well as access to green areas. Atmospheric pollution, primarily caused by human activity, has significant impacts on air quality and public health. Conferences and international agreements are dedicated to addressing climate issues and reducing pollution. The implementation of environmental monitoring systems is crucial to mitigate the impacts of industrialization and vehicle traffic on air quality and human health.

In this context, monitoring air quality becomes essential as it allows for mitigation and environmental control measures to be taken according to the needs of each location. Low-cost sensors become viable options for academic purposes and private institutions. Therefore, the present research focuses on the use, analysis of charges, and operation of the low-cost sensor system named QualiAr.

Both the construction and use of the system are easily accessible and manageable. The results obtained have been satisfactory, despite some caveats. The system occasionally experienced interruptions in data collection, calibration is necessary for better sensor accuracy, and a search for an external power source to enable uninterrupted transportation and use is required.

Debates regarding raciality and territorial disputes are advancing in academic spaces.
With a view to adding to the trenches against colonialism that sought to territorialize
consciences and lands, we use the historical digression, in chapter 1, to shed light on
what is hidden in the darkness of centuries. Thus, in this first part, the means taken were
bibliographical research. Continuing, in Chapter 2, we have an overview of some
religious conflicts that occurred in Duque de Caxias/RJ and in neighboring
municipalities. To this end, interviews were carried out with a Candomblé leader,
namely Ogã Leonardo, from Terreiro Ile Ase Omiojuaro. Finally, in Chapter 3, we have
a study closer to our spatial focus, that is, the attack directed at Terreiro Kwe Ceja Gbé,
in the neighborhood of Imabiê, in the aforementioned municipality, at this point, two
interviews were carried out with the priestess of this temple, as well as trips to the
countryside. In short, this dissertation aims, in a broader sense, to present the potential
that Religious Racism has to build territories. In this sense points out, the city of Duque
de Caxias, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, had the highest rate of religious prejudice in
Baixada Fluminense in the year in question, We chose a terreiro in this municipality to
base our statement on a practical reality, namely that religious racism builds territories.
To this end, exploratory research, combined with bibliographies that guided our
academic work, was combined with semi-structured interviews, applied in the field.
However, throughout the text, not only the attack that occurred in this terreiro, that is,
the Kwe Ceja Gbé, of the priestess Conceição de Olissa, but a plot from the colonial
period, in a succinct way, is revealed throughout the textual body, where a process of
epistemicide against black ancestral knowledge is undertaken until we reach the attacks
we see on Candomblé terreiros. The results we arrived at do not end the debate, but
rather broaden the discussion, as we truly conclude that the colonial process led to a
consciousness that demonized Candomblé practices, which remain true quilombos, that
is, spaces of resistance of black culture.

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The present work seeks to discuss, analyze and understand what are the main difficulties encountered during the training process by working students of the Full Degree in Geography course at the Multidisciplinary Institute / N.I. from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. As a graduate student at this same federal educational institution, I took a training path that can be understood as that of a working student, in which I had to work throughout my training process so that I could remain a student. From this, this research begins to take shape and the following question arises in my head: “in terms of education, work and the training process, what are the main challenges encountered by working students of the full degree course in Geography to be able to complete the graduation?". Due to this fact and the need to understand the background of these students and the training process; conceptualize education and work; show the different types of activities carried out by these students and characterize them; show the importance of education as an emancipatory and autonomous path for their lives; list the difficulties; bring the different profiles of these working students and the difficulties to stay in university. In this way, the search for the answer to this question is going to be answered by the points presented, in addition, the understanding of a working student comes against new students from generally less well-off classes and who increasingly arrive at the university and are faced with this reality .

Agroecology is an important theme in the debate of the current socio-environmental crisis, gaining space in schools and ending up being inserted in society. In this context, the present research is justified by the need to know the origin and modes of production of the food we consume, and that food is a daily and mandatory task. As a general objective, the work aims to highlight the importance of Agroecology - as opposed to conventional agriculture - and also the need to incorporate such an approach in the school context of the urban context. The main theoretical bases are anchored in the collection of texts entitled "Dictionary of Agroecology and Education", published in 2021 in a partnership between the Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health, Editora Expressão Popular and the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) and in the work "Research-teaching: school communication in teacher training", organized by Heloísa Dupas Penteado and Elsa Garrido, published in 2010, among others. The methodology, of a qualitative nature, is aligned with the proposal of research-teaching, where the teaching knowledge is articulated with other knowledge and knowledge with a view to articulating theory and practice in the classroom. The following methodological paths were carried out: elaboration, realization and analysis of the answers to an online questionnaire aimed at geography teachers; expansion of the theoretical framework from the reading of reference works in the studied area and the analysis of collections and titles used in geography classes for the high school segment. Among the results, it is possible to highlight the perception that the theme is present in the didactic material, even with the need for a more critical and engaged approach.

Landscape, a fundamental category of geographical studies, is the materialization of the relationship of interdependence established between human beings and nature. The intense transformations of so-called natural ecosystems by human action are the result of the evolution of techniques. In this sense, it is possible to observe the multiplication of ecosystems that have been intensely altered by anthropogenic actions and that evolve with characteristics that are very different from the original ones. In the field of Biogeography and Ecology, the novel ecosystems emerge as a theme that addresses the creation, evolution and consolidation of these ecosystems. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the evolution of the landscape of the area that today comprises the Mário Xavier National Forest (Flona MX), since the creation of the Santa Cruz Forestry Garden in the 1940s to the current context, considering the history of land use and occupation, the restructuring of vegetation through natural and anthropic processes and the contemporary pressures that directly affect the structure and composition of this environment. The specific objectives sought to identify the phytogeographic characteristics of the landscape over the years; identify the agents and processes involved in the changes that occurred in the landscapes over the years; and discuss the possibility of characterizing Flona MX as a novel ecosystem based on the current environmental panorama. Flona MX is a sustainable use conservation unit, with an area of 496 hectares, located in the municipality of Seropédica, in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. It is one of the few forested fragments in the municipality, home to several species of fauna and flora, including endemic and endangered species. The research was carried out in two methodological stages. The first consisted of analyzing the evolution of the landscape using historical photographs from the 1940s and 1950s, part of the conservation unit's collection, which were identified in the landscape (through fieldwork) and compared to current photographs. The second stage was the preparation of land use and land cover maps for the years 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The land use and land cover classes defined were: forest, non-forest natural formation, urban, non-vegetated area, pasture, agricultural and pasture mosaic and water. The cartographic products were prepared using the QGIS software using data from the MapBiomas platform, collection 7.1. The cartographic analysis aimed to understand the transformations observed in the landscapes over the years. In both stages, fieldwork and bibliographical research were fundamental to understanding the agents and processes responsible for the transformations of the landscape. The discussions of Flona MX as a new ecosystem considered the conceptual structure proposed by Morse et al. (2014) and the examination of the necessary elements after the proposed analyses. The results of the photographic comparison indicated an increase in vegetation cover at the selected points due to natural and anthropogenic processes, making it possible to identify tree individuals in the landscape at different stages of ecological succession. Cartographic resources indicated a 41% increase in the “forest” class between 1990 and 2020, currently representing 39.8% of the total area of the UC. The “agriculture and pasture mosaic” and “pasture” classes also represent a significant part of the land cover, with a total area of 39.4% and 14.4%, respectively. The anthropogenic pressures identified as being of greatest significance are the burning and the suppression of vegetation due to the fragmentation of the UC by the BR-493 and BR-116 highways. The characterization of the area as a new ecosystem has as a future challenge the proof of the functional sustainability of this fragment without anthropogenic action.

The increase in female incarceration has been a growing concern in Brazil in recent years. In the prison context, the forms and spaces of control become evident, as women face not only punishment for engaging in illicit activities, but also the consequences of a system that reproduces and perpetuates structural inequalities of class, race, and gender. The specificities experienced by women in prison are clearly revealed when considering the challenges posed by issues related to gender and sexuality, as well as those of a biological nature (such as menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding). Given the challenges posed by spatial prohibition and the challenge of leading a dignified life in prison, the analysis sought to identify actions that would reveal ways of overcoming images of control, whether through support networks among inmates, or through educational initiatives and artistic practices that enable these women to maintain agency over their bodies and resist the dehumanization of the prison system. Challenging the one-dimensional narrative of incarceration, the aim of this research is to identify actions and tactics of resistance and forms of re-existence based on the organization among women in such spaces of control, in which art, literature and photography appear as sensitive expressions of the subjectivities of these women. Through the artistic works of Nana Moraes and Barbara Copque with incarcerated women, the research sought to highlight possible agencies of incarcerated women in relation to their lives outside of prison. The exploratory and qualitative research was carried out through a broad bibliographic and documentary review and through the author's participant observation in an organization that welcomes former inmates, the Elas Existe Institute. However, it was through the identification of the actions developed with incarcerated women in their contact with photography and writing as crafts that these incarcerated women contributed decisively to the interpretation of the paradoxical meaning of space. Prison appears as a spatiality of deprivation of freedom, but art allows us to reveal that even though mediations and dialogues outside of prison are necessary, it is possible for these women to reveal their own ways of writing their existences beyond this closed space. Through letters, embroidery and photographs, “the life that remained outside prison” appears, revealing possible openings and agencies, albeit limited. In this way, through the arts performed in this researched prison spatiality, our embodied geography reaches the subjectivities of these women and reveals to us the meaning of a scientific practice committed to the existences made vulnerable in their corporealities.

Lesbian geographies is an aspect of geographic studies that we will use to discuss sexualities placed spatially and the developments that emerge from non-heteronormative and dissident bodies. Lesbian geographies are understood as themes that concern where and how individuals live, work and have leisure who: identify as; claim the term; or they can be seen as lesbians, with the intention of investigating how these people meet in certain places, interact in public spaces, have free or restricted access to cities and also how they negotiate places where they are not welcome; are subject to abuse and oppression and where they feel unsafe or vulnerable. Thus, this research aims to make visible the debate within geography on the relationship between lesbian women and the spatial issue based on the theoretical production of Anglophone geographers Gil Valentine and Kath Browne; spatially locate the dynamics of resistance of lesbian women in Rio de Janeiro. Although there are important national contributions from geographers, such as Joseli Maria Silva, Brazilian geography shyly approaches this theme, and even more so from lesbian and black women, therefore, the aim is also to: Understand the protagonism of black and lesbian women in the construction of safe spaces for women in Rio de Janeiro.

The capitalist economic and productive system, since its genesis, goes through successive and constant adjustments to perpetuate itself as this force that acts and appropriates the most varied spheres of human existence, from the material and subjective point of view. From this, this master's dissertation aims to investigate and problematize the current phase of capitalism, more specifically from the process of territorial-productive restructuring. Based on authors from Economic Geography, Geography of Industry and other areas, we intend to investigate the productive-organizational, economic and spatial changes brought about by the neoliberal regulation mode, mainly from the 1970s onwards. To carry out this investigation, we selected as the object of study the Filial Cervejaria Rio de Janeiro of Companhia de Bebidas das Américas, or simply AMBEV, as it is known in Brazil. AMBEV belongs to the largest group of breweries in the world: ABInbev. Faced with the growing relevance of the brewing market and the significant symbolic and cultural value that beer has in the country, this research focused on the branch, which presents itself as the largest industrial brewing plant in South America (in terms of production capacity), allows us many analytical approaches, mainly from the critical point of view of the development of financial and monopolistic capitalism, but also of the recent transformations in the productive scenario of this rising Brazilian industrial segment.

Aiming to deepen studies on Urban Agriculture, this research has as its object the Hortas Cariocas Program, this is a project that was elaborated by the City Hall of Rio de Janeiro with the main objective of producing vegetable gardens in slums and municipal schools in the city. These gardens, according to the city hall, produce tons of food per year for the most vulnerable population. The Program has been spreading throughout the city since 2006 and the gardens chosen for analysis were located in Parque Madureira Mestre Monarco, in the neighborhoods of Madureira, Turiaçu, Rocha Miranda and Honório Gurgel. This choice was mainly due to the fact that the region already had an area of agriculture that today gave way to the aforementioned park. The methodology used was quantitative and qualitative with bibliographic review, documentary survey, interviews and field work. As main conclusions it was observed that the Hortas Cariocas Program continues to operate producing food in different parts of the city and having as positive points the production of food for more vulnerable families in idle urban spaces in the city and also negative points such as the lack of materials, the shelving of projects to improve the program and the lack of public safety amidst the violence that surrounds the city.

The 15 days that became 517 changed not only the idea that tomorrow could not come, but the experience of constant mourning, in addition to discrediting science and vaccines and the fight for survival against a disease that, despite advances in research, it is still feared.

In the years 2020 and 2021, due to the pandemic, we experienced an expansion in the use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) in schools. Without them, teaching, even if carried out in a precarious way, would not have been possible.

School, teachers and students had to adapt to this new teaching model. However, it is known that the conditions of access to digital resources are unequal and, for this reason, it is a challenge to use them in the school environment.

School, teachers and students had to adapt to this new teaching model. However, it is known that the conditions of access to digital resources are unequal and, also for this reason, it is a challenge to use them in the school environment. This change in school dynamics culminated in a gradual distancing between school and students, resulting not only in blank handouts, but also weakening of bond, socialization and affection.

Thinking of alternatives to reduce this distance, we present in this dissertation the use of digital technologies beyond simple support to traditional classes. Our general objective was to analyze the main challenges and possibilities of the use of geotechnologies and re-signification of social media in geography teaching from the reality of a school located in the city of Paty do Alferes, in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

The spatial focus of this research is José Eulálio de Andrade Municipal School, located in the neighborhood of Avelar, second district of the municipality of Paty do Alferes, in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro, with students from Middle School. In order to understand the geographic space, a historical survey of the District of Avelar and its importance in the history of Fluminense Coffee Valley and in the History of Brazil was carried out through oral narrative of the inhabitants and some bibliographies.

It is an action-research type of research, from which my pedagogical activities will be constantly analyzed and evaluated. For the development of the research, we worked on two distinct pedagogical activities during this period: (1) the TikTok social media as a teaching tool for analyzing phenomena and elements in the municipality of Paty do Alferes. Short videos were produced, with small summaries, in a casual way, achieving the students' engagement, whether in comments, activities or suggestions; and (2) Report on the collective mapping of Avelar’s neighborhood, carried out in Google Earth through the perspective of the geographical location of the Student-Authors who live in the neighborhood.

The map’s construction was an attempt to deal with social isolation and distance from school, in addition to providing new activities that would not be possible in school space, due to Google Earth specifications. Hence, it was found that teaching with use of DICT's requires planning, time, continuing education, understanding of pedagogical team of the school unit and access to tools.

Therefore, it is possible to re-signify social media for pedagogical purposes, recognizing that tools of the geotechnologies segment, despite all their functionalities, face restrictions and difficulties in their use in an environment with few resources. However, we believe that it is possible to carry out work with positive results in the pedagogical and social spheres.

Public Policies can be understood as the way in which the State acts in the face of public order issues that require solutions. The National Environmental Education Policy (PNEA) is considered a milestone for discussions on EE in the country, being taken as a basis for the formulation of state and municipal policies and these for the implementation of plans and programs. The Municipal Environmental Education Program (ProMEA) is an instrument that can contribute to the strengthening of environmental education in the municipality, and should be developed based on a participatory process, in order to implement a critical and reflective attitude towards decisions about the environment. In the State of Rio de Janeiro there are approximately 20 municipalities with proposals for the implementation of ProMEAs, among them the city of Nova Iguaçu, located in Baixada Fluminense. Therefore, the general objective of the research is to analyze how environmental education as a public policy can promote the strengthening of a more democratic and sustainable education in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu. The specific objectives are: to identify the insertion of Environmental Education as a public policy; understand the process of participatory construction of the Municipal Environmental Education Program (ProMEA) in Mesquita; and to analyze the construction process of the Municipal Environmental Education Program (ProMEA) in Nova Iguaçu. The methodology was based on bibliographic surveys, in order to understand the key concepts that underpinned the research; documentary research, in which the analysis of Mesquita's municipal policy and program was carried out; field research, where I acted as a participant observer in participatory workshops and semi-structured interviews, to analyze the speeches of social actors directly involved in the creation of ProMEA in Nova Iguaçu. The research made it possible to identify from what was observed in the workshops and analyzed from the speeches of the social actors that, a priori, the processes for the elaboration of ProMEA have assimilated the critical, reflective and emancipatory perspective.

Projections in studies on the growing evolution of cities, with their variations in geographic spaces and specific forms of anthropization, need to reveal the processes of production and transformation of the landscape, in order to discuss how they are constituents of the climate, adding to climate variability. This study analyzes the neighborhoods Vila de Cava and Tinguá, in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu (NI), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), which make up and are part of the region of conservation units: ReBio Tinguá, full protection; APA Tinguá, for sustainable use; a place that presents a state of equilibrium in the spatial temperature of its environments, a factor that can be perceived by people according to the variables of the environment, the physical and psychological factors that are found, and can be characterized as thermal comfort or discomfort by the population of points of analysis: E.M. Professor Irene Silva Oliveira; E.M. Jardim Montevideo; E. M. Vale do Tinguá and E. M. Barão de Tinguá, thus configuring a problem. As a hypothesis: can it be inferred that, even with the perception of thermal discomfort felt by the inhabitants, the existence of conservation units can significantly contribute to mitigate these effects? To answer the question, the general objective is to analyze whether the existence of conservation units can influence the local thermal dynamics. Specific objectives are: a) identify the use, occupation and transformations of the landscape in the aforementioned neighborhoods in the years 1985 and 2019; b) characterize the temperature history over a 30-year interval. The accomplishment of the work is based on visits to the field to ratify bibliography, produce video/photo record with Drone; collect data from temperature measurements by mobile transect and socializing/conversations with subjects who participate in the daily life of the APAs, at the municipal environment secretariat (SEMAM) and at schools selected as support, to help in understanding the local perception of variability and the use and occupation of the surroundings and in the area of the UCs. For a better understanding of the results obtained in the field, maps were made on the history of use and occupation (between 1985 and 2019) and thermal variability (between 1992 and 2022). Both processed in the Quantum GIS software, with rasters obtained at the USGS/NASA with the Landsat 8 and Landsat 5 satellites. of urban areas around the ReBio buffer zone and in the APA. It was also verified the attenuation of the areas of pastures, agriculture and reduction of the vegetal coverage inside the APA Tinguá and in the Vila de Cava neighborhood. In ReBio Tinguá, there was an increase in vegetation cover within the limits of the reserve and in its buffer area in the Tinguá neighborhood. This cartography indicates a possible increase in population density, which coincides with what was found in fieldwork and in local reports, indicating a seasonal population fluctuation promoted by tourism/leisure in the UCs and the arrival of more residents, corroborated by official information from the city hall which point to an increase in the urban area and population growth over the period studied. The cartography of thermal variability, between 1992 and 2022, points to a variation in the average temperature between the neighborhoods studied over the years. Being able to demonstrate that the maintenance of the APA Tinguá in the area, generated an average temperature reduction between 9°C and 10°C, leaving temperatures that oscillated between 40°C and 42°C, for averages that currently oscillate between 31°C and 35°C. It was also verified the maintenance of the temperature inside the Rebio Tinguá, and a decrease of the same in the limit between the UC and the urbanized areas. Thus, it was possible to perceive that the existence of green areas, including areas of environmental protection, are of great importance for the maintenance of thermal comfort in urbanized regions. These indications corroborate actions to implement climate and environmental monitoring stations, enabling future research and studies, information to support the social organization in the quest to maintain its quality of life and compliance with the competent bodies of actions in the planning and implementation of public policies that mitigate negative aspects related to the climate issue in the territory.

The concept of Environmental Perception, when related to traditional peoples, collaborates in demonstrating their intrinsic relationship - cognition and emotional - with biodiversity and their incessant action for preservation through management based on their ancestral knowledge. That is, through this study it is possible to outline new strategies to understand how traditional communities interact with the environment; there is the possibility of cooperating for the protection of traditional peoples and also building a route of assimilation of the community's identity before nature and thus exploring its culture and history. The present work aims to investigate how the community of Quilombo de Santa Justina/Santa Izabel, located in the municipality of Mangaratiba - RJ, relates to the environment in which it lives, in order to highlight its practices and contributions to the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage. During the work, information on the current situation of Quilombo de Santa Justina/Santa Izabel will be collected, such as the Technical Identification and Delimitation Report (RTID), documents on the history of the municipality and other bibliographical references. A survey of cartographic data will be carried out in the GeoInea Portal and in the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), in order to model the context's geospatial database. The overlapping of the quilombola territory with the Saco River Basin, the Cunhambebe State Park (PEC) and the Mangaratiba Environmental Preservation Area (APAMAN) and other socio-environmental aspects, such as land use and land cover, will be considered. Preliminarily, it was found that the portion of the Rio do Saco Basin with the greatest green area coverage (76%) is located within the boundary of Quilombo de Santa Justina/Santa Izabel. In this geographical area, in addition to the Atlantic Forest, there is also a mangrove in good conservation conditions. In addition to bibliographical, documentary and secondary data surveys, the research will seek to investigate the environmental perception of Quilombo residents based on the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. This questionnaire was debated with local leaders and after adjustments, inserted and modeled in the Vicon SAGA program, which allows georeferencing and later the application of queries by spatial filter.

Agroforestry backyards are characterized as a type of Agroforestry System (SAF) and, as such, have the capacity to combine animal and plant production for different purposes, combined with the maintenance and conservation of rich biodiversity. The multiplicity of intercropping of plant and animal species in a small area is infinite. However, it is precisely this wealth of interaction possibilities that makes these spaces personal or family laboratories on a small scale, as they are capable of simulating interactions between species characteristic of the multiplicity of combinations inherent to tropical climate environments. Furthermore, as agroforestry backyards are agroecosystems in which their organizational arrangement closely resembles natural tropical forest conditions, they are, therefore, around the world seen and used as an alternative for sustainable food production capable of partially or fully supplying the family's food needs and generate extra income. Thus, the present research, through field visits to four agroforestry backyards maintained by rural workers from the Terra Prometida Settlement, in Duque de Caxias, and the analysis of orthophotos and satellite images sought to: recognize the landscape context in which the backyards are inserted , in order to better understand how they relate to the environment around them; identify the floristic and animal composition present in backyards; and identify the profile of the people responsible for such actions. With the help of rural producers, technological applications and support from related bibliography on physical and virtual bases, 1360 plant individuals divided into 77 different families were quantified.

The families with the largest number of species were Cactaceae and Crassulaceae due to their ornamental uses, and those with the largest number of individuals were Bromeliaceae, Rutaceae and Arecaceae, due to the cultivation of foodstuffs such as pineapple, citrus and coconut. All four agroforestry backyards were mostly managed by females with an average age of 51 years. In total, it was found that the structure of the four backyards houses 764 individuals for ornamental use, 547 for food use and 39 for medicinal use, these uses being indicated by the maintainers. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) of the backyards varied between 2.59 and 4.72, with an average value of 3.29. The most common domestic animals were dogs and chickens, found in every backyard. Through field work and interaction with farmers, it was realized that a large part of the settlement is located in the largest bed of the Iguaçu River, a fact that makes it susceptible to periodic flooding. It was concluded that the agroforestry backyards of the Terra Prometida Settlement studied act as landscape structures that become allies in soil conservation, as they are structures extremely rich in biodiversity that form mosaics of productive units in the Settlement, favoring the exchange of ecosystem services that They benefit both the production of agroecosystems and the settlers who live there.

The present dissertation aims to reflect on the transformations of contemporary capitalism and their implications on the world of work, using the food delivery company, iFood, as an empirical reference. The methodological approach adopted involved a literature review, as well as the analysis of documents, reports, and official information available on iFood's electronic platforms. Through this study, it was possible to comprehend recent changes in the world of work, particularly from the perspective of companies operating in the gig economy with the essential driving force of Artificial Intelligence, such as iFood.It was identified that, in this new scenario, the use of Artificial Intelligence has become indispensable for the majority of companies aiming to be competitive in the current landscape, both in the virtual and physical realms. However, far from being a tool that will help workers, it will be a tool that will replace or intensify the work relationships of the workers themselves. Therefore, in contrast to more common perceptions, the crisis in the world of work manifests itself in a complex and multifaceted manner, not limited to issues of unemployment or informality, but rather in its own self-destructive structure. The profile of iFood workers demonstrates that many of them are caught in a logic of precarious or informal employment. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of surveillance capitalism and its implications on the structure of contemporary work.

Faced with a scenario where the increase in socio-environmental problems arise as a result of the current disorderly population growth and irregular occupation, and a large portion of the population has been living under precarious conditions of life and urban mobility, such as the contamination of water sources by sewage and garbage, silting up of rivers and streams, among others, this research aims to analyze the relevance of the Study of the Environment within Geography, in the elaboration of an Environmental Education and Gardening Project developed with students of the 7th year of Elementary School, which prioritizes the search, collectively, solutions for socio-environmental problems, based on the construction of social values that favor the formation of citizenship, in addition to knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences aimed at preserving the environment, quality of life and its sustainability in the Neighborhood Prados Verdes, in Nova Iguaçu/RJ, where the Pera Flor Municipal School is located. Analyzing the students' view of their lived reality in order to develop a critical and participatory posture in those involved is also part of this proposal, which based its reference on theorists, such as Cavalcanti (2012), Pontuschka (2004, 2007), Kozel (1998, 2007) and Callai (2011). Its development used as resources and strategies, guided conversations, interviews, approach to programmatic contents, geotechnology applications, in addition to the production of mental maps. The results demonstrated the relevance of the Study of the Environment methodology linked to the teaching of Geography, in the effectiveness of Environmental Education, which enabled the contextualization of reality, providing understanding and developing criticality in students, with effective transformation and re-signification of space.

Initial teacher training has important pillars to result in a professional qualified to work in Basic Education. Among these pillars, one can point out the Supervised Internship in Geography as an important curricular component in construction of the teaching identity and in the formation of a teacher-researcher attentive to the reality surrounding the school. However, even assuming this importance, it is still possible to perceive a great devaluation of this moment of formation by the undergraduates, emptying the potential for reflection that the Supervised Internship carries, can be seen as a moment of teaching práxis. Being performed only as a moment to go to the school classroom, observe the regent teacher and return to the University, without carrying out any research, intervention or deepening of theories and pedagogical practices. In this horizon, then, the question that guides this research arises: can the devaluation of the Supervised Internship be explained by the devaluation of teaching work? By raising this question, we have as a general objective understand the cause of the devaluation of the Supervised Internship in Geography by the licensees. We consider it important to point out that part of this research was carried out remotely, due to the period of remote teaching that we are going through in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. In order to reach the announced objectives, the research of nature qualitative, will be backed up by the methodology named Research-teaching, where there is research at the time of educational practice. In addition, the research also had methodological paths, dialogues with students and Basic Education Geography Teachers, through forms and interviews, whose responses were analyzed through the Critical Discourse Theory; and, finally, the observation of classes in the disciplines of Supervised Internship I and II. As a theoretical reference to support the research, we sought to authors who address the Supervised Internship, the BNCC, Initial Teacher Training and other topics related to Education. Therefore, at the end of the research, it was possible to conclude that yes, the devaluation of the Supervised Internship is based on the devaluation of the performance teacher, however, in recognition of this sad reality, the Degree in Geography at IM/UFRRJ is already looking for alternatives for this change of perspective, encouraging a critical look and attentive of the students for their own formation and future performance.

The general objective of the research is to understand how domestic relational spatiality contributes to writing the bodies of black domestic workers, slave customs and a consequent reaffirmation of their places of subordination, bringing them closer to the characteristics attributed to "allowed housemaids". As a counterpoint, references to black intellectuals reveal that an epistemological turn in Geography has to do with the analytical instrumentality of intersectionality, so the work is justified in choosing this theme as fundamental to geographic research, especially at a time like the one we are going through, when care-related practices have never been so necessary, even if they continue to be devalued, putting domestic workers at disadvantages related to the violation of rights. The methodology of this research revolves around two axes: (i) the systematic review of literature, through the collection of references in the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of CAPES based on a qualitative-quantitative method of analysis of themes and theoretical references in the field of Femiist and Black Geographies ; and (ii) the collection of some reports taken from the book “Me, Maidadamda: a 

Modern Slave quarroom is the Little Room  da Maida”, by the author Preta-Rara, which allows the insertion of a narrative method anchored in Black Feminism and in the Decolonial Feminist Geographies. 

The theory of Circuits of Urban Economy is an of the main bases to understand the organization and economic structure of the urban environment, this concept as the main theoretical contribution of the present research. The urban economy is in a constant process of metamorphosis, following and influencing the characteristics of the moment and studying the environment. In Geography, the main urban environment goes beyond the economy and beyond theory, and thus, having the practice of phenomena as one of the main phenomena to develop this work. One of the main popular commerce establishments in the state, the Mercado Popular da Uruguaiana is a living and constant example of relationships, whether with people, the environment, capital and even the product. It is then necessary to associate and identify how the circuits of the urban economy and the camelódromo are related, through the theory of geographic science and the practical aspects of the contemporary environment.

Tourism, as it is one of the most important economic activities in the contemporary world and drives significant socio-spatial transformations, becomes an indispensable phenomenon to be understood by geographic science. In this context, the concept of geographic space was used to understand the strategies created in order to commodify the tourist space. Having said that, the present work aimed to understand the socio-spatial transformations, arising from tourism, in the region of Visconde de Mauá, which extends between the municipalities of Resende and Itatiaia, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, and Bocaina de Minas, in the state of Minas Gerais. General, covering the period from 1970 to the present. Before becoming one of the main tourist destinations in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this region was the scene of various activities and inhabited by different social actors. Located in the Mantiqueira mountain range, this area's economy, until the 1970s, was basically associated with agricultural activities, being, in the following years, replaced by the tourist activity that predominates to this day. The study seeks, with its specific objectives, to understand the power relations in the production of tourist space, which elements are appropriated and created by tourism to be commodified and which relationships and conflicts are established between different social actors. To this end, the research was based on a broad bibliographical survey, analysis of specialized sources, interviews with the different actors that make up this space, in addition to fieldwork in the four villages in the region, namely: village of Visconde de Mauá/RJ, village of Maromba/RJ, town of Maringá/RJ and town of Maringá/MG. It was noticed that this region has important natural and cultural heritage that was appropriated by the practice of tourism. Furthermore, it was found that the organization and management of this activity are oriented from an economic perspective, often unrelated to socio-environmental issues. In this way, it was understood that an inclusive tourism model is necessary, which serves all social actors, as only then will the idea of development be present in the region.

The political and economic events of the last thirty years have significantly altered the organization of the world space. Associated with this change in territorial planning and world borders, the rise of countries hitherto classified as "Third World" or "developing" established a new pattern of relationship among state actors. If, previously, these links were verticalized from the North to the Global South, with the North defining the references of a social-economic model to be followed by the South, between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, this paradigm is broken with a new model of collaboration between countries in progressive growth at that time, such as Brazil, China and Russia. It is precisely this partnership between the Global South that marks the contemporary geopolitical approach of the Chinese towards their numerous partners. In this research, we seek to interpret as the cooperation agreements, in the area of defense and infrastructure (or regional integration), that Beijing signs with the countries of Central Asia, proclaimed independent in 1991, demonstrate the different phases and faces of Chinese geopolitics for this region, which has a strategic geographical position, being situated between the easternmost part of the Asian continent and the European continent, as well as having connections with the Middle East. To this end, we seek to highlight the agreements between these state actors in the last twenty years, made through both the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Belt and Road Iniative. from international institutions' databases, news at state and/or civil news agencies and projects available on the website of Chinese development banks, we have been able to map projects that exemplify the strategies of contemporary Chinese geopolitics.

Several authors emphasize that the way of teaching – in most Brazilian schools – needs to be reformulated, as teaching should not be centered on the transmission of content by teachers. The simple memorization of concepts and data is not capable of generating meaningful learning for students and shaping them for life. It emphasizes the need for the wide implementation of active learning methodologies - especially in classrooms and also in other spaces of knowledge construction. It is argued that using active learning methodologies and encouraging the development of socio-emotional skills have the potential to generate significant learning, as they move students to the center of their learning processes. The general objective of this dissertation is to present how active methodologies can help in the teaching-learning process of Physical Geography, especially in the contents about soils - in different spaces of knowledge construction. The Specific objectives are: To approach the teaching of Physical Geography from the potential of using active methodologies – with emphasis on the theme of soils; stimulate the autonomy of students and the development of competences through the practice of experiments related to teaching about soils and their importance and; to present, as a result, the conception and inauguration of the physical geography laboratory GAIA from the use of active learning methodologies and its first projects with the students of the educational institution. The methodology of this research includes: survey of the state of the art on the teaching of Physical Geography in basic education in Brazil - specifically teaching on soils, the state of the art on Physical Geography Laboratories in High School, a review and discussion of the theoretical framework presenting the essential research concepts, procedures for collecting data on the use of active learning methodologies in the institution, such as the analysis of research produced by ESEM students regarding the use of active learning methodologies in the school itself and collective construction - from active methodologies and aiming at the development of competences – from the GAIA Laboratory. Interviews with professors and students who work at the GAIA Laboratory were also carried out. Among the results, the inauguration of the GAIA Laboratory and its first three projects stand out.

Master plans are instruments that propose a spatial analysis at the municipal scale and that generate the expectation of change in the lives of citizens, as well as their appropriation of their place. Based on the prerogative that every Brazilian municipality with more than 20 thousand inhabitants has to elaborate, discuss and apply a plan every ten years, the instrument seasonally comes into vogue in public debates. The spatial cut of the work is the municipality of Barra do Piraí, located in the Middle Paraíba Fluminense and the time period was from 1991 to 2016, period from the application of the first plan of this municipality to the approval of the last one, which, in turn, is in validity. The present work seeks to bring a reading about popular participation, how it occurs and what is its contribution to the final product – the bill. To arrive at this problem-situation, an analysis of the history of master plans in Brazil and the construction of the idea of a participatory product is carried out. By applying the concepts at the municipal level, the popular political debate scenario is understood from the reading of the socio-spatial fabric of Barra do Piraí and, therefore, it is understood how the historical profile of the citizen was drawn. In this direction, the effort proposed here is to understand to what extent master plans are in the imagination of urban planning, if there is an expectation in the instrument and whether or not it will be linked to popular participation, and if so, why this contribution can it vary in the participatory or just consultative sphere? We opted for the analysis and interpretation of official records of the Municipal Secretariat of Works as a methodology used in order to assist in the construction of this social reading. Among them, we used the minutes of technical meetings, minutes of assemblies and popular workshops, data previously cataloged for the construction of the work, the three master plans themselves, Barrense history, in addition to bibliographies referring to the theme. Therefore, it is understood that such research is relevant and contributes to the discussion of urban processes and popular contribution in the search for an understanding of what would be a participatory master plan. Barra do Piraí had three Master Plans, of which the current one is from 2016 until 2026. The search for community awareness regarding the importance of participation in the municipality's development process was something classified as a “great challenge”. Official data revealed that in the three public hearings of this decade, whose subjects were respectively launching of the review and training process, presentation of the city's reading and presentation of the strategic axes of the bill, the respective numbers for the citizens present were 64, 26 and 21, with a total participation of 111 people in this sphere. In addition to the small number, it is important to point out that the hearings are the most formal meetings, with a notorious ratifying character. Another issue is the decreasing sequence of the present community, showing a loss of attraction and popular participation. The Master Plan as a result of urban planning is something necessary, but it is worth discussing its practices and tangibles.

The supervised curricular internship is the moment when the teacher in training is faced with the reality of the profession, analyzing and starting the construction of his teaching journey. Considering that the supervised internship is an important formative moment where the teacher in training correlates theory and practice in the environment where the profession is developed, this moment can be understood as a possibility to bring the university and the community closer together through the intern, who can develop a "bridge" function, enabling dialogical activities through the internship, especially in the Geography undergraduate course, since it is a science that enables the reading and understanding of reality. On the other hand, university extension, which nowadays is part of the founding tripod of the university together with teaching and research, has as its characteristic the realization of knowledge developed in the university reverted into direct actions and together with the community, thus fulfilling part of the social functions of the university. In view of this, this research has the general objective of identifying and analyzing the possibility of inserting university extension into the Undergraduate Geography course at the Multidisciplinary Institute of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (IM-UFRRJ) through the supervised internship. It is important to note that much of this research was conducted in the context of the pandemic of COVID 19 and was carried out in a remote modality. This is a qualitative research with phenomenology as its method. The methodological tools used were: a semi-structured questionnaire to understand the perspectives of undergraduate students about the supervised internship in remote model; two focus groups; analysis of internship reports and extension projects developed by the undergraduate students, in addition to class observation in the Practical Supervised Internship in Geography I and II courses. In the analysis, it was noticed that there are great expectations from the undergraduates about the supervised internship because they understand the importance of this formative moment for the teacher. These expectations have become, in part, negative for most undergraduates because they are developed remotely, far from the reality of the classroom. We also identified a lack of knowledge about the importance of extension for the educational process. However, it can be seen that, at the end of the supervised internships, where the practice of producing teaching materials together with school teachers was developed, the undergraduates were satisfied with the supervised internship and with the contributions made possible by this experience. Among the conclusions reached at the end of the research, it was found that the experiences arising from the supervised internship can contribute to university extension, and that there are great possibilities of carrying out actions both in schools and in the communities where they are located, contributing to the necessary university-society dialogue.

Discourse Analysis (AD) as a theoretical-methodological proposal of this dissertation is a technique or a set of procedures that aim to qualitatively clarify the intentions or omissions of the discourses. The effects of the meanings of the discourses linked to the historical- sociocultural context consolidate ideological structural positions that are mediated by language as a factor in the construction of the discourse to transform realities in the social world. We sought to bring “to light” the “deviations” of discursive speeches, contextualize them, unravel them, try to understand the signs of the said and unsaid and compare them with the discursive formations that nourish the pronouncements. In order to try to understand this intention of the Jair Bolsonaro Government and obtain some conjunctural answer that justifies the hypothesis that there is a strategic policy in the geopolitical and geoeconomic discourses for South America, some research elements were outlined that could answer the following question: in To what extent do geopolitical discourses in official pronouncements, under the diplomacy of the Bolsonaro government, reveal a geopolitical and geoeconomic strategy of power for South America? For the construction of the corpus, we delimited the pronouncements and documents that occurred during the Bolsonaro government in the years 2019 and 2020, the first two years of government. The clippings are based on the written texts of the official pronouncements of the President, the Vice-President and the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Chancellor), whose data sources will be the official websites of the government and the MRE. From them, in-depth analysis (corpus of analysis) was elaborated in order to establish the socio, historical, geographic and ideological character of geopolitical and geoeconomic discourses. For the corpus of analysis, the main Brazilian newspapers and magazines (O Globo, Folha de São Paulo, Correio Braziliense, Veja, Época and Istoé), dissertations and theses and books relevant to the theme were researched and analyzed.

After almost 20 years of the implementation of law 10639/03, many academic works in the area of teaching geography show that working on the education of ethnic-racial relations in schools still depends on the individual concern of teachers, which ends up making the fight against racism difficult, prejudice and discrimination in such a diverse environment. Our research has as general objective to investigate and analyze how teachers of Geography in the public network of the state of Rio de Janeiro work on Ethnic-Racial Relations in High School. As for the methodology, the research is based on the case study, where we will try to carry out qualitative research through the application of interviews that will seek to know the profile of the interviewed professor, his practices, and opinions about Law 10639/03. For greater grounding and deepening of concepts and contents related to ethnic-racial relations and the teaching of geography. Initially, we sought to carry out research on the state of the art of works related to ethnic-racial relations in the teaching of geography and the search for bibliographic sources that would allow us to constitute a theoretical reference that contemplates analyzes referring to the area of teaching of geography and the theme researched, as well as interviews with schoolteachers. The role of Geography as a school subject is fundamental to contribute to the formation and proposal of an anti-racist citizen education. In this way, we highlight the role of the geography teacher as one of the subjects responsible for helping the student to understand his reality and propose changes in the social context. We realize that despite Law 10639/03 establishing guidelines and bases for national education and having contributed significantly to the anti-racist struggle in schools, its applicability in the teaching of geography still depends a lot on the world view of teachers and what they consider or not important as content to be worked on in their pedagogical practices.

The creation of CProtected Areas is a measure that aims to preserve and maintain biodiversity and its resources. However, when implemented, they end up developing functions in addition to preservation, functions that are likely to be called ecosystem services as human demand increases. The municipality of Nova Iguaçu is a place where more than half of its territory is made up of Conservation Units, so it can be considered a very interesting feature for carrying out research in this regard. Thus, this work seeks to investigate the socioenvironmental functions that the Municipal Conservation Units of Nova Iguaçu perform, even though their management faces several challenges. The survey also takes into account the financial incentive that the municipality receives for the maintenance of protected areas, as well as the environmental perception of residents who live close to the units.

The previous experience with a pedagogical activity of spoken maps of the home-school route made in 2014 to investigate the environmental perception about the space lived by students and students of EM Fazenda Alpina, located in Santa Rita, 2nd district of the city of Teresópolis (RJ) and local very affected by the mega-disaster in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro in 2011, it showed feelings of fear and non-belonging in relation to the place, pointing out the importance of further investigations on environmental perception in school communities inserted in the context of risk in Teresópolis. The objective of this work is evaluate the environmental perceptions of education professionals in municipal schools, in addition to identifying how themes related to extreme rains, water and environmental risk are treated in the perspective of territory management and by teachers from their teaching behaviours, i. e. their ways of thinking and acting in the classroom, as these can be conditioned by their environmental experiences.

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The research developed here stems from the dialogue between Humanist Geography and the novel “The Hour of The Star”, by writer Clarice Lispector.  A novel that features Macabéa as the protagonist, she is a 19-year-old Northeastern woman who leaves the Alagoas backlands pursuing a new life in the city of Rio de Janeiro. However, the history of this character, as we defend in this research, is marked by a strong topophobic feeling (RELPH, 1979), because she feels like not belonging to anywhere, a true life of anonymous misery. The novel denounces Macabéa's invisibility/social alienation, which goes through the issues of migration, housing, work, culture and human relations permeated by conflicts, and due to these issues topophobia is built in the character's trajectory. Thus, we say that Macabéa makes geography incarnated by her own movements throughout places, in the midst of her fears and existential conflicts, moving towards what Dardel (2011) calls as "geographicity" (géographicité). From this perspective, as stated in the title – Topophobic places on Macabéa's trajectory – it is a humanistic/phenomenological research, after all, human existence is the basic condition for geography, since there is no place without people and people are moved by emotions, by the subjectivity of their bodies and by the conformation of their places, as Yi-Fu Tuan (1980; 1983; 1985) discusses through his works. Thus, the main objective of this research is to analyze the perceptions of the place from the geographical experiences lived by the character, demarcating the topophobic trajectory of Macabéa in the context in which she is situated, both spatially and temporally in the novel. Therefore, the methodology follows the phenomenological precepts of Humanist Geography, as well as through "Discursive Textual Analysis" [Análise Textual Discursiva - ATD (MORAES; GALIAZZI, 2016)], for the process of breaking and deconstructing the novel, in fragments, for the reconstruction of another text, here through the gaze of Geography. And for this methodological process, we divided the novel into three parts, being – the first moment in which Macabéa finds herself in the Alagoas backlands; second moment – when Macabéa migrates to the city of Rio de Janeiro and, the third moment / novel outcome – when the northeastern woman goes visit a fortune teller. In possession of the aforementioned methodology, the aim is to infer from the novel the necessary intersubjectivity for understanding all geographical experiences lived by Macabéa. Upon reading the novel, this research offers as a result, the topophobic place that was perceived, lived, and built by the character, which shows an example of a literary work, which although not committed to reality, it can help us due to its verisimilitude, since literature is a way for the author to describe the world. Through Geography, it helps us with the investigation of the places in which Macabéa transits, being marked by fear - of herself, of the unknown and of Rio de Janeiro. It is a timeless novel in terms of social issues, regarding the migration of northeasterners, work opportunities and social exclusion, which justifies the research proposed here, on the tracks of a Literary Geography. This geography is an invitation to everyone who appreciates reading and who turns that into an investigative practice to think and reflect on the geographic reality.

The objective of the research is to relate the production of a superfluous population mass with the growing incarceration in contemporary society, using the city of Rio de Janeiro as a case study, where data obtained from security agencies show a high number of people who are incarcerated. and have no registered occupations. It is a criminalization that leads to the spatial confinement of the excluded.

Leishmaniasis is part of a group of neglected tropical diseases that are associated with poverty and develop in places with poor housing, lack of access to sanitation, especially clean water, insect abundance and degraded environments. Transmission of the disease requires the presence of sandflies. There are numerous records of infected domestic animals, such as dogs, for example, but also several species of wild animals, a very complex reservoir-parasite interaction. Thus, even if it is thought to control the disease in urban areas, contamination by American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) may continue to occur in areas of rural-urban contact. This is the profile of most of the Baixada Fluminense, a group of municipalities that make up the metropolitan periphery of Rio de Janeiro, especially those located on the edges of the metropolitan region, such as the municipality of Seropédica, the study area of this research, in metropolitan west border of Rio de Janeiro. Data presented by the Rio de Janeiro State Secretariat of Tourism show that the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region maintains 36.27% of its conserved green territory, and about one third of this percentage is in the Baixada Fluminense. The survey indicates that in these preserved green areas are conservation units that have a strong tourism potential, which led to a new proposal for a tourist region called Baixada Verde that includes Seropédica. This initiative, which aims to provide greater visibility and opportunity in the Baixada Fluminense regional tourism scenario, may be putting tourists in contact with areas that have been the focus of Leishmaniasis since the 1950s. Thus, this paper aims to identify the spaces of risk under threat of contamination of the ACL in the municipality of Seropédica.

The favelas in Rio de Janeiro were and are in constant guidelines regarding urban planning of cities. Removals policies are part of the history of the city almost in its entirety, since this policy took place in different periods and processes of urbanization and modernization in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. With this, some urban planning projects were tested to be implemented in the most precarious areas of the city, in order to make these places more accessible in the form of both housing and accessibility in basic sanitation infrastructure equipment. Since, in short, this resident population of the favelas is historically the one that most lives in conditions of social vulnerability and needs public policies that mitigate such social disparities. It is understood that one of the basic requirements for living in decent conditions is to have access to basic equipment for housing, sanitation, employment, education and health. In these spaces, such variables have always been missing from one or all of these resources. At present, the Manguinhos Complex, located in the northern part of the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, is to be analyzed. The central objective of the investigation revolves around analyzing the urban transformations of the area, after the implantation of the Growth Acceleration Program - PAC in 2007. It should be noted that this project of the federal government was the most daring project and that moved the entire internal organization from Manguinhos. In this direction, the effort proposed here is to understand the measures in which these works impact the internal dynamics of the favelas that together make up the Manguinhos Complex. If new removals occurred, what is the perception of residents about the works carried out, if the project thinking for Manguinhos has altered their lives in any way. These are some of the questions posed to residents in the field. As we are carrying out an investigation in its geographic essence, the use of concepts that help in the discussion on urbanization and removals is necessary for a better theoretical basis. Thus, the methodology used in order to assist in the construction of this analysis, we opted for the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with the residents in order to obtain answers resulting from the hypotheses raised at the beginning of the work (Triviños, 1987). In addition to the bibliographies on the theme used to compose the work, we chose to prepare thematic maps, with support from Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and cartographic bases from public agencies to spatialize and elaborate the evolution of the studied area, through maps . Therefore, it is understood that such research is relevant and contributes to the discussion on urban processes and public policies for slum areas.

This study investigates the dehumanizing factors present in the construction of virtual territories in distance education. The research implication approach was used as a methodology for analyzing the processes of building virtual territories in distance education. The research covers two groups of stakeholders at different levels of education: Higher Education and Strictu Sensu Specialization Level. The objective of this work was to identify the dehumanizing factors present in the construction of virtual territories in distance education, reporting the local interactions that may involve economic agents and knowledge agents. The justification for this work is to analyze the implications of training for work on virtual platforms: limits and potential, continuities and ruptures, and how is the daily life of this educational model for Training for work and its relationship with the demands of the labor market and the development of scientific knowledge. The field instrument used for this research was first the identification and characterization of students, teachers, tutors, coordinators and directors of the pole, who are key players in the undergraduate course in Technology in Computer Systems at CEDERJ and the Professional Master's in Mathematics in the National Network (PROFMAT), through interviews that will be held at the CEDERJ Barra de Piraí Campus, and at the PROFMAT Campus at UFRRJ. Second, the mapping of the types, forms and characteristics of the interactions of these key actors was carried out. Decision-making in relation to the characteristics of the key actors was to verify the role of territorial proximity, from the point of view of productive practices, cooperative action and sources of information and knowledge for innovation, regarding the characteristics of the study sample. The culmination of the present study was the observation of the use of the key actors of these means that are available on the CEDERJ Moodle Platform and the PROFMAT Moodle Platform, as well as the relationships established by social networks, life stories, expectations, rhythms, friendships, economic, political and social values, through interviews with key actors, in order to characterize the virtual space. In view of the arguments mentioned, this work also required the interpretation of the interfaces between the institutional framework, the levels of social capital and the local cognitive and innovative dynamics in relation to the Distance Education Legislation. After these stages of review and investigation, the results obtained were organized in order to offer important characteristics for the choice of the dehumanizing factors present in the construction of virtual territories in distance education. The result partially seen with this work was to reveal that the use of innovative resources submerged in the territorial space in distance education, in the power relations geographically systematized by the neoliberal perspectives, demand the burden of teacher multifunctionality and the human devaluation of teaching.

Public education in Brazil is going through a Neoliberal offensive that will directly affect the lives not only of the young people of the country, but of society as a whole. The reformulation of high school that is materialized through the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) proposes an education model aimed at meeting only the interests of the labor market when forming labor for the productive sector of the economy. In this perspective, Geography as a discipline, as well as the other disciplines that are part of the formative axis of human sciences will suffer great impacts, especially in the sense of emptying its contents. Thus, the present research has as its central objective to understand what the impacts that BNCC will entail specifically will be on the teaching of Geography in high school. This will be done through a methodology based on primary and secondary documentary analyses, as well as interviews in public and private educational institutions in order to conceive the perspectives of students as well as education professionals for the implementation of this new curriculum proposal

Contemporary society increasingly lives the world of images, so exploring visual communication is increasingly necessary for a better understanding of the geographical phenomena that occur in space. Thus, the use of visual resources such as videos, movies, drawings, cartoons, mind maps, sketches and illustrations are necessary, since at all times the subjects are in contact with this imagery information. That said, it is observed that the little exploration of these resources in geography classes makes more abstract content not easy to understand, making students have difficulty relating them to their daily lives.

In this context, it deals more specifically with geographical climatology, which studies atmospheric phenomena and their interaction with the earth's surface over a given period of time, studying their averages and interacting directly with the life of beings. Consequently, teaching geographical climatology in a more didactic way is fundamental for students to understand that the phenomena addressed in its syllabus are closely related to their daily lives. Thus, our main objective is to propose the use of illustrative drawings in classes of geographical climatology, particularly for Youth and Adult Teaching classes. The research is based on three distinct moments: theoretical, practical and empirical. The theoretical part seeks theoretical references that discuss about the different methodologies for Geography Teaching, distinction of school geography and academic geography, illustrative drawings, geographical climatology and verbal and visual communication. The practical part is the construction with students of a booklet with the main themes of climatology and the empirical part is the application of activities in the classroom. Subsequently, empirical questions verify whether it is possible to teach geographical climatology through geographical drawings for students of the Youth and Adult Education modality, because through the use of this resource there is a construction of knowledge from the reality of the studied group, with stimulation. creativity, as well as the supposed involvement of the students during the teaching and elaboration of the classes.

This research aims to promote moments of reflection and questioning about the organization of the classroom space and its relationship to learning.

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BOSIO, Bruna da Silva Cavalcante. The use of the Fieldwork tool in the teaching of school geography - meanings to the concepts and contents of geography. = Dissertation (Master in Geography). Multidisciplinary Institute / Institute of Agronomy. Department of Geography, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, 2019.

Geography began with travelers / naturalists who crossed oceans in search of knowing the new, understanding how nature worked and doing science, that is, geography began with fieldwork, even though it was not named. In this sense, the fieldwork appears as a collaborative tool to be used to contribute to the formation of the student, especially here, for teaching and learning in geography, and can bring meaning to the concepts and contents that are learned in the classroom. Thus, this research aims to present the fieldwork as a tool for teaching-learning of school geography, putting into practice the actions of fieldwork with students and teachers of basic education, using at most the scale of the municipality of Duque de Caxias, RJ / e or local. Also, verify through the fieldwork, geography contents and concepts and their meanings, having as a principle to use the life and scientific trajectory of Alexander Von Humboldt as a source of inspiration for this study. We seek to conduct analyzes and dialogues with the adopted theoretical references, seeking to collaborate with the teaching of geography. This research effort leads to possibilities brought by fieldwork as a teaching-learning tool, and can offer the elementary school teacher elements for a critical geography with an emancipating sense. It is intended that geography ceases to be a distant subject from the reality of students, becoming closer, and with meanings and meanings to their interlocutors.

Over the years, we have observed that technology has become part of our daily lives and, exponentially, has dominated the world around us. There are countless benefits arising from technological resources, including the convenience in our daily lives and the optimization of time spent on different tasks. On the other hand, there are also some negative points such as the technological dependence caused to human beings by the excessive use of technology and the digital exclusion that still affects many Brazilians at this time. In the school environment, the students of this new generation were born inserted in this technological world, that is why they yearn, more and more, for the use of technology in the classroom space. Regarding this reality, the research sought to analyze how the use of technologies can help in the process of teaching and learning the contents of the Geography discipline, thus making the classes more participatory by students. Thus, seeking to demonstrate a practical example of how we can use technology in teaching Geography, the dissertation brings a case study, carried out at Colégio Estadual Professora Vilma Atanázio, located in Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro-RJ. For that, Google Earth and Kahoot applications were used, in a technological contextualized insertion from the students' reality, aiming at the realization of more dynamic and interactive classes, besides contributing to a possible improvement of the students' performance in the classes. In order to understand the students' point of view about the use of these technologies, two questionnaires were applied; one being about the Google Earth program and the other about the Kahoot application. Through the students' responses to the questionnaires, it was possible to observe that few students knew about these technologies and that they really enjoyed the experience of using these applications in class, as they contributed to a better understanding of the content taught at the time, Climate Zones of the Earth. Most students said they would like geography teachers should continue using these technologies during classes, as they encourage learning and give more clarity to the assimilation of the subjects covered. In addition, the dissertation also brings an analysis on the use of teaching platforms, specifically, the Google Classroom, which was adopted by the Secretaria de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro in order to continue the school year. Seeking to verify how the platform was used by the students of the Colégio Estadual Professora Vilma Atanázio and for the geography teachers of Rede Estadual de Ensino do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, two forms were also applied, one for each group mentioned, where it was possible to verify the good and bad aspects related to it. Despite many problems reported by students and teachers during the use of the platform, such as problems with internet access and difficulties in learning and working remotely on physical geography contents such as geomorphology, cartography and climatology, most them enjoyed using the platform, reporting that it was a viable way to continue the school year, as well as considering the practicality of using the available tools to develop activities. Thus, the dissertation demonstrated how free software that is already on the market can boost student performance by making geography teaching more accessible and with an active participation of students in their learning process.

The use of Protected Areas (PA) for the promotion of environmental education (EE) is one of the pillars for the creation, implementation and management of these territories. Think Environmental Education in loco means, above all, enable democratic management. Based on these assertions, the research presents seeks to analyze the promotion of environmental education in Biological Reserve Tinguá (Rebio Tinguá) by the institutions that make up its board and the unit in partnership with other institutions. It is critical theoretical basis for teaching and methodology is used for the application of semi-structured questionnaire, applied to representatives of the aforementioned institutions, technical and management of PA. The research is presented in quantitative and qualitative field, and used for analysis and systematization of data Analysis Textual Discourse, in order to understand how environmental education is crafted in this important conservation unit located in the State of Greater Rio de Janeiro. Evidence research that, despite being discussed in the council, EE is in incipient state with some specific actions, requiring greater communication and partnerships among the institutions that compose it as well as closer ties between education departments and environmental municipalities to which Rebio Tinguá is inserted.

Studies about natural disasters are becoming increasingly relevant, in view of the intense urbanization process that has developed in large cities. The Administrative Region of Mambucaba, located in Angra dos Reis, in Rio de Janeiro, has neighborhoods that are so susceptible to flood events due to their physical characteristics. The occupation process that took place in this region started in a disorganized way, with significant changes in the landscape that contribute even more to the expansion of risks to natural disasters, presenting forms of land use and occupation that demonstrate the need for urban planning of the area. This area is marked by major anthropic interventions, linked to irregular occupations and strong changes in the dynamics of natural processes, such as transport of river sediments and surface runoff. Taking into account the vulnerability of the population of this region under study, we seek to deal with flood events in that region through the use of Geoprocessing, aiming to carry out an analysis of susceptibility through the use of 3 flood assessment models elaborated with base in the hydrographic basin of the study area. The methodology of this work consists of an environmental study, in which physical and environmental data were used, addressing significant factors for the occurrence of these events. To achieve this purpose, the work was developed through the use of GIS tools (Geographic Information System) to carry out the association of these factors. In this way, the use of geotechnologies enabled a succinct analysis of the floods in the region under study, with validation of the models based on Civil Defense data in the execution of the weighted hit index method. Therefore, this work is relevant in studies about natural disasters, allowing not only a physical evaluation of the area under study, but also of a social nature, where the condition that the population of this environment is facing these events is decisive for there is the elaboration of territorial planning and risk management.

The creation of protected areas is not enough to guarantee the maintenance of threatened ecosystems. To avoid external and even internal pressures, participatory and continuous management is required. This management should primarily reduce impacts on biodiversity, seeking to integrate the surrounding or resident community, when the management category permits. In this sense, in a management system, evaluations serve as a foundation for the achievement of objectives, in order to verify their coherence, analyze internal and external threats, readjust the action plans, reallocate resources and inputs, analyze the results achieved so far and have an overview in order to identify weaknesses. To mitigate threats, UC management effectiveness comes as a tool to evaluate the performance of these units and provide improvements in their management. The Protected Areas Management Effectiveness method (EMAP) adopts several indicators such as: administrative, legal policy, planning, management programs and threats. The RAPPAM (Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management) methodology allows a quick diagnosis of the management effectiveness of the areas. Currently, other methods have been developed and adapted to different realities. In any case, there is a need for effective management and verification of the performance of the PAs. In the Baixada Fluminense, located in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, several categories of PAs from different management spheres are present, with the municipal ones being the largest. Considering the current situation of BF as an industrial and peripheral region of Rio de Janeiro, attention to the effective implementation of these protected areas is essential not only for the conservation of biodiversity but also for the promotion of numerous environmental services, such as water production. and temperature mitigation. Thus, the proposed work aims to evaluate the effectiveness of management of municipal UCs located in Nova Iguaçu and Duque de Caxias, considered economic and population centers in the context of Baixada Fluminense. This research is expected to contribute to the preservation of what remains of the Mata Atlantica biome, in this geographical area.

During a period in which the brazilian political and economic context was marked by called new developmentalism, the municipal, state and federal governments, together with the national and international business community, built an immense industrial pole and a port complex for the export of mineral commodities and steel products in the Rio de Janeiro state’s west end metropolitan area (OLIVEIRA, 2015). The first venture of this industrial center in this recent period was Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico - Ternium CSA. The Industrial District of Santa Cruz, where the company was established, was inaugurated in the 1970's, as a consequence of projects that based national policy on industry and development. The Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico began its work in this industrial district in 2005, entering into dynamic operation in 2010 and joining the other companies that operate in the region. Thus, the central objective of this research is to understand the performance of Companhia Siderúrgica do Atlântico, called Ternium, and its impacts in Santa Cruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ. This deeply geographic exercise, especially from the perspective of economic geography and industry and its connections with political economy and ecology, was methodologically structured based on the interpretation of the new Brazilian developmentalism, pointed out by Mercadante (2010), as a proposal of new hope in the construction of development in the space studied; in addition to having interpretations on the facets of the technical phenomenon in its entirety, treated by Santos (1996; 2000) and Santos and Silveira (2001), which are indispensable for operationalization and deepening in the geographic analysis present in this research. Thus, this diagnosis of CSA's performance in the Santa Cruz region reveals a some of the contradictions of the new brazilian developmentalism, by promising social, economic, educational development, advances in democracy, socio-environmental concerns and delivering conflicts between businessmen and residents, violations in the framework of environmental licensing, health complications, flooding of houses, persecution and air pollution, in addition to an excluding educational system and so many other problems experienced in the metropolitan edge of Rio de Janeiro resulting from the industrial activities driven during the rise of practices of the new brazilian developmentalism.

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The rainfall characteristics and their unexpected variations cause impacts, especially in areas with environmental fragility. This research aims to define from which total rainfall rain will constitute as a threat or effectively endanger the population of the municipality of Angra dos Reis. The aim is to respond if the disasters that occurred in the last decade are the result of the greater frequency and intensity of extreme events and / or risk situations created by the social vulnerability of the population and its forms of occupation. This will help reduce the occurrence of disasters in the region, making it possible to minimize material damage and loss of life. Initially, synoptic charts were analyzed to observe the performance of the atmosphere in the days of the severe events with great prominence in the media 10/12/2002, 01/01/2010 and 04/01/2013, and that actually presented the highest precipitation records in 24 hours; modeling of daily precipitation data obtained from 4 conventional meteorological stations located in the municipality of Angra dos Reis through Statistical Software R and the mapping of rainfall distribution and intensity through ArcGis® 10.1 Software. The spatial distribution of precipitation is strongly influenced by the topography and the distance from the coast, making the precipitation maxima occur in the windward direction of the Serra do Mar. In the case of the three catastrophic events in the years 2002, 2010 and 2013, rainfall totals were higher in the months of December and January; were higher in the municipality of Angra dos Reis; were associated with the passage of frontal systems; were higher at each event; only the events of 2010 and 2013 have consolidated as an extreme event. The consequences of extreme events became more serious due to the poor / regular population living conditions in these localities. Thus, it is perceived that the problems faced in Angra dos Reis are a conjunction of natural and social processes caused by the proximity of the Serra do Mar slope with the Atlantic Ocean, causing eventual episodes to become catastrophic for a portion of the population, usually those that do not have financial conditions, end up occupying the slopes, those most affected by more intense natural phenomena.

As for the needs of the dwelling, especially in the spaces considered as peripheral, we strive to understand the housing challenges faced by the worker in the space that, historically, was destined as his shelter - Nova Iguaçu. This research has as main objective to understand the deepening of inequalities from housing policies in the space destined to the poor workers. It has as its first specific goal, to understand the dynamics that contributed to Nova Iguaçu being constituted as a space of the worker; second, to understand the production of housing and the agents involved in the implementation of PMCMV in the city; third, we seek to identify issues inherent in the right to decent housing for the worker; the fourth goal, and last, to elucidate the inequalities that were intensified in the workers’ space and that are part of daily life. The methodological development of the research will be based on a theoretical survey on the subject, historical sources of Nova Iguaçu, data analysis, thus contributing to the "peripheral" housing debate from the Geography.

Technical cooperation consists of the construction of aid agreements in certain sectors that aim at the transfer of technologies (social, scientific or operational), the use of this type of cooperation is increasingly perceived as a strategy for the projection of hegemonies by the countries. In the context of the Brazilian foreign policy adopted in the last years (2003-2010), technical cooperation has gained relevance, in particular, for the investments made in the African continent, producing geographies from the dynamic cooperation. Brazil, as a donor in cooperation with Africa is based on the discourse of South-South cooperation relations that oppose the hegemonic and imperialist character of North-South cooperation. In order to evaluate the possible distance between discourse and practice and the territorialisation of Brazil's technical, economic and political power over Africa, Cotton-4 + Togo, a structuring technical cooperation project in agriculture, serves as an important example of cooperation territoriality of Brazil to Africa, due to its financial contribution, geopolitical context and mobilization of technical power.

The work analyzes the urban climate and associated heat island in the Ananindeua city, in the state of Pará, using Landsat satellite imagery. A review of the national and international literature on studies combining the urban climate with remote sensing, focusing on the equatorial regions, is carried out. In the section of material and methods the use of satellite images since 1984 is defined and the following products are elaborated for analysis: A land use mapping with six classes of use; Land Surface Temperature (LST); Index of Vegetation by Normalized Difference (NDVI) and Index of Constructed Environment (IBI). The Heat Island is defined by the difference found between the LST in the "Urban" class of use and the other classes. As a preliminary result, from an image only, it can be observed that the highest TSC values are in the urban land use class and the lowest values in the forest use categories.

The new technologies of remote sensing and GIS have favored significant improvements, because of this evolution, the costs of preparation and distribution of cartographic representations, especially in electronic means and sites have been reduced, favoring their free availability. This has provided a significant increase in the number of users seeking help from digital media rather than printed maps. The construction of different types of spatial representations can also be used to facilitate the dissemination of information from different arrays, such as information related to the public safety of certain localities. For this purpose, it intends to carry out an evaluation of the vulnerability conditions related to safety and mobility in the Seropédica Campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, aiming at assisting in decision making that make it possible to generate proposals for improvements in the institutional scope.

The objective is to investigate the urban transformations carried out in the Port Zone of Rio de Janeiro and its relation to informal work, that is, to discuss the urban reform carried out in the area for the "mega events" and the attempt to "revitalize" Porto and to discover how the informal work, especially that done in the street, by ambivalent sellers and artists, responded to the transformations.

The reflection on the process of territorialization of educational public policies has been emphasizing in the Brazilian academic scenario, due to the implementation of actions carried out by different political-institutional spheres that directly influence the socio-spatial organization of education. In this perspective, based on the guidelines set forth in the Federal Constitution of 1988, the Law on Guidelines and Bases of Education and the National Education Plan (PNE - 2014-2024), the local sphere assumes greater autonomy and responsibility in educational planning, from of the construction and execution of the Municipal Education Plan (PME). The PME is established as a relevant document for the rationale, regulation and organization of education at the municipal level, and this instrument is an indispensable component for the implementation of Law 13,005 / 2014, which sanctioned the PNE. In this context, the concept of territory assumes a preponderant role in the composition of national and local education policies, since it is from the perspective of cooperation and territorial collaboration that the federated entities materialize their education systems. In this way, the debate about the processes of cooperation and territorial collaboration in the educational sphere runs through the geographic reflection about the power relations that influence and stress the territory and consequently the production of public policies focused on education. Based on this preamble, the present work is a result of a master's degree research in the Graduate Program in Geography of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGGEO-UFRRJ). It is proposed from this writing to reflect on the sense engendered the geographical category territory in the Municipal Education Plan of Belford Roxo. The selection by the forementioned municipality that belongs to the Baixada Fluminense Region, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, was anchored in the social indicators published in the last census of 2010 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), as well as in the educational demographic indices made available by the National Institute of Educational Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP). To this end, the research methodology is based on a documental analysis of Belford Roxo. The research is based on a qualitative interpretation, supported by the data collection about the organization of the education of Belford Roxo and as well as of the bibliographical deepening on the debate about the educational public politics in the geographical science. From this, it is sought from this writing to collaborate for the reflection about the process of territorialization of public policies.

The Parque Mambucaba neighborhood is located the municipality of Angra dos Reis in a fluvial-marine floodplain of the Mambucaba river basin, whose source is located on the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, forming the most extensive hydrographic network of Ilha Grande Bay. It has important characteristics that indicate the need for conservation of biodiversity, natural and human history, as well as having the highest concentration of Atlantic forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, was the stage of the beginning of the colonization of Brazil. Added to the natural characteristics are the anthropic interventions in this ecosystem, related to irregular occupation and the realization of modifications that profoundly alter the balance of the processes of transport of fluvial sediments and surface runoff in the coastal zone. Interference in this geosystem causes severe changes in physical, chemical, geological, biological, and social attributes. These anthropogenic changes help to transform the landscape and increase the environmental risks associated with flooding. Given the environmental fragility and social vulnerability of the residents of Mambucaba Park, the main question of this research is to analyse, through participatory mapping, which areas are susceptible to the environmental risks of floods and how the population perceives these risks, since there is a relationship between the areas of greatest risk and the socioeconomic context, proving the systemic dependence between the physical aspects, the historical occupation process, public policies and the areas with the highest incidence of environmental risks, which are amplified due to the perception of the population. The research was developed using the participatory methodology in the identification of flood risk areas with the secondary school students of the Almirante Álvaro Alberto State College. This methodology was developed in three stages: interviews on risk perceptions, elaboration of a sketch for the recognition of the neighborhood and the production of a participatory map of flood risks. The results show that the areas susceptible to flooding have natural and / or constructed conditions that indicate their predisposition to the occurrence of future accidents due to intense rainfall episodes. They are part of a process of social construction, since these were produced from the action of society and it is on it that it manifests itself. These are felt by individuals and, when they are manifested, can cause harm to people, property, structures and the organization of the territory. The perception, knowledge and consideration of risk may vary according to the culture, level of economic development and even the social group involved.

Disorderly occupation, lack of or lack of supervision, and lack of city planning are identified as one of the main causes of Natural Disasters. The inefficiency or omission in the actions by the public power is often the main agent that causes this vulnerability to disaster. The changes in the form of occupation and development of the cities generate a disorderly occupation that triggers urban areas in situations of risk to the mass movements. The municipality of Angra dos Reis, located on the southern coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro, is an example of this occupation in areas at risk of mass movements. These changes in use and occupation can be detected in several ways, in this work, we intend to evaluate the change in the use of soil occupation in the interval from 1985 to 2015. Through the technique of remote sensing, map these changes and geoprocessing, spatialize the targets on the surface. In this sense, the present work has as a proposal to demonstrate through satellite image processing techniques, to detect changes in land occupation, highlighting the areas of urban expansion in Angra dos Reis - RJ in the last 30 years, generating maps of change and crossing this data with CPRM data (areas already mapped as risk to mass movements). The validation of the results generated 150 random points in the ArcGis 10.1 Software and validated in Google Earth. With the results of change detection, Quality of Life Indices (IQV) and Basic Infrastructure were generated in the Vicon Saga platform and data from the mesh of census tracts IBGE 2010, it was verified that the sectors most affected with floods and mass movements, make up the sectors with lack of basic infrastructure. The global accuracy index reached from the 150 sample points and validation of the mapping was 0.86%. The results indicate that the areas of urban expansion are going against the mapped areas of risk to the movements of masses, floods and floods.

The present study aims to present a proposal for an analysis to understand the Northeastern cultural identity seized and transmitted through the fairgrounds and visitors of the Luiz Gonzaga Municipal Center of Northeastern Traditions. This analysis brings with it several questions about the possible forms of representation of cultural identity and the positioning of visitors who admire, consume and enjoy the products available at the Fair. From the presentations presented, it is possible to reflect on the trajectory that these positions have gone through until arriving at the conclusion of thought in which the formation of opinion on a given cultural identity takes place. This analysis of the trajectory can be obtained from several perspectives, however, the focus of the present research will be concentrated on the bias of the discussions about forms of cultural representation through the didactic book used in two schools of Rio de Janeiro's Baixada Fluminense. In this way, the research consists of understanding the aspects present in the way in which the marketers, more specifically, the artisans, identify themselves culturally as Northeastern and how they transmit this identity, being resident in Rio de Janeiro. And also, in the recognition of the formative processes present in this exercise of cultural identification with the objective of differentiating the aspects that are present in the way the Northeastern people express themselves through the craft and how the public receives it. In order to be able to carry out the mentioned discussions, the research uses as a base the following methodological resources: the bibliographical survey in order to dialogue with authors about the delimited concepts, being: the cultural identity and the formative processes. In a theoretical basis ,the dialogue with some authors will be fundamental to enrich the research, as Hall (2006), SILVA (2011), Bossé (1999), Giroux (2008), Bauman (2012), Candau (2002), ALBUQUERQUE JUNIOR (1999), among others; the field work and interviews with the marketers of the Luiz Gonzaga Municipal Center of Northeastern Traditions and also with the public; consultations to the National Textbook Plan (PNLD); and the analysis of interview data from the phenomenological perspective with the objective of identifying the formative processes present in this dialogue of the construction of the cultural identity of the marketers. In this way, the research aims to verify the possible forms that the Northeastern cultural identity resists in this space, in addition to proposing possibilities for reflections on the demythification of stereotypes related to the cultural practices of representation and with this, to understand the way in which it is transmitted and the form which is assimilated by the public that frequents it.

Environmental issues are today frequent objects of discussion in the most diverse areas of knowledge, since each year communities are affected by climatic, geomorphological events. In this context, we find our spatial clipping, the city of Petrópolis - RJ, affected every year by events of mass movements. This work has as object of investigation the curricula of the training courses of the geography teachers acting in the final years of the basic education of the municipal education network of Petrópolis - RJ, in order to investigate if there were approaches on natural risks in their formations, since, the municipality in question is often beset by events of this nature. The current research discusses the contribution of geography teaching to risk education in school curricula, because we believe that the school has a great responsibility in the training of citizens capable of analyzing and evaluating situations related to natural and social processes and the formation of environmental risk areas. And geography, the discipline that when dealing with the approaches of physical-natural and social phenomena, shows itself as an important tool capable of enabling the interpretation of social and natural phenomena arranged in the geographic space. The research seeks, through the application of questionnaires to teachers working in elementary education II of the municipal education network, in order to analyze if the training of these teachers makes possible the discussions about disaster risks in the classroom. As a technique for the analysis of qualitative data, we will use the content analysis proposed by Bardin (1979), which seeks to find answers to the questions formulated, confirming or not the hypotheses established before the research work.

GARCIA, Marcia. AND SPACE HAS SENSES? AN ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCES AND UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE BODY IN THE TEACHINGLEARNING PROCESSES IN GEOGRAPHY. Dissertation. (Master in Geography). Multidisciplinary Institute / Institute of Agronomy. Department of Geography, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. New Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, 2018.

ABSTRACT

The present research has as objective the analysis of the corporeal experiences of the students for the development of the concept of space space in the teaching of geography. In this sense, it seeks to understand space through the senses, adopting as a methodological field, the action and interaction of teachers in the teaching of Geography, through the execution of activities as a methodology of action, in order to seek to capture the observations and multiple spatial sensations of the student of the 6th year of a private school, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, belonging to the state of Rio de Janeiro. Before the execution of the activities, we carry out reads of reflexive thematic texts, to support the discussion of the formation of the concepts I will use of Vygotsky's studies, in the debate on corporeity the author Elias Lima through the analysis of the studies of Merleau-Ponty and the author Christian Dennys Monteiro de Oliveira, in discussing the concept of space David Harvey, Henri Lefebvre and Doreen Massey, in the discourse on geographical praxis the studies of Ruy Moreira, to substantiate what we understand of the different space practices, I will use the studies of Castrogionanni , the studies of David Tripp regarding the study on action research and finally, and, not least, the studies of Ginzburg with regard to studies focused on what he calls Focus Group. Then, we will begin the activities of in order to identify the relation that the student has with the space in which he lives and what he understands by body and space. In this proposal, we think it is good not to define contents, respecting the autonomy and perspective of students and teachers. The methodology now put in allows us an escape from the traditional prior script and enabled us to adopt the triggering question: what are the meanings of space? And the question-axis: is it possible, through reading the different space practices, to use them in the teaching-learning process of the concept of space, through the body and its senses, making it possible to identify the senses present in space? The present work intends to contribute in a significant way to the learning of the contents taught in the 6th year of elementary education II, since it will put it in contact with the whole world, contributing for its learning to be significant, seen from the senses of the body and by its in the search for a more critical and politically situated learning in the world.

The present work discusses an analysis of the concept of place in the Geography teaching, taking as an analysis the city of Duque de Caxias, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, inside Baixada Fluminense region. This research had  as a main objective comprehend how the concept of place is shown .In the schools of the city of Duque de Caxias.  Some bibliography summaries were made to analyse the principal ideas of concept of place, besides a review of important concepts, as the notion of the curriculum and the construction of the geographical knowledge at schools. Also, a review of the history of the city of Duque de Caxias was carried out, aiming to be contextualized in the Baixada Fluminense and in the Metropolitan Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. In addition, inteviews were made with the active teachers who participate in the process of construction of the curriculum of the city of Duque de Caxias and also with the Geography teachers who are attending classes in the Municipal Schools.The research also explored the curriculum documents and materials built by the city council of Education of the city of Duque de Caxias.  The results of this course did not assign an important discipline to the concept of place in its documents, besides not being considered policies of construction of current curricula for the teaching of Geography in municipal schools. Analysing the practice and the interviews conducted with the active teachers, it is concluded that the main current of the concept of place in the schools analysed is a humanistic one.