Disertación/Tesis

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2024
Disertaciones
1
  • MATEUS DOS SANTOS DE ARAUJO
  • .

  • Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • DALTON LONGUE JÚNIOR
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • Data: 31-ene-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

2
  • ELAINE REGINA KITAZURU DOS SANTOS
  • USE OF NANOFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE IN PAPER PRODUCTION

  • Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • DALTON LONGUE JÚNIOR
  • Data: 31-ene-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Therefore, this dissertation aimed to study the application of nanocellulose obtained from the milling process with the addition of minerals, and its use in the paper production process. In the firt Chapter, it is presented a literature review on the main mathods for obtaining nanocelluloses, their modification processes as well as their main applications. In Chapter 2, the addition of nanofibrillated cellulose was evaluated in the production of paper from mechanical pulps, comparing the impacts of this addition on the paper mechanical properties.

3
  • HERON CASATI FERNANDES
  • Effect of ecological restoration techniques on the structure, diversity, and species composition in the Atlantic Forest

  • Líder : JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • SUSTANIS HORN KUNZ
  • Stella Mata de Lara Rocha
  • Data: 08-feb-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The constant anthropogenic degradation and climate change have demanded global efforts to reverse this scenario. Ecological restoration is essential to recover degraded native vegetation. Seedling planting techniques are the most widely used in the Atlantic Forest. Structure and biodiversity are important indicators to assess the succession process in restoration areas. This study evaluated the effects of restoration techniques on the structure and diversity of a permanent preservation area in the Atlantic Forest, located in Caraguatatuba-SP (UTGCA/Petrobras). The experiment has three treatments: line planting (LI, spacing 2x2m); nucleation (NU, 13 individuals/nucleus, spaced at 5m); and control (CO), without planting (passive restoration). After 10 years of planting, a floristic survey was conducted in 8 plots (15x15m) per treatment, including all planted individuals and regenerants with a diameter at ground level >2.5cm. Abundance, basal area, and species richness of the planted and regenerating community were estimated. Seedling planting techniques (LI and NU) were significantly superior for all variables compared to the no-planting strategy (CO). While between LI and NU, a difference was observed in the abundance of regeneration, with LI having higher abundance. Furthermore, the rarefaction curve demonstrated that an increase in sampling effort indicates a tendency for higher richness in LI. When assessing the successional trajectory, a greater variation in species composition was observed in the LI treatment, 10 years after planting. The mortality rate was high in both planting treatments, with higher mortality in NU. The species composition of LI and NU was similar but differed from the composition of CO. Species indicative of regeneration in each treatment were Annona glabra (LI), Trema micrantha (NU), and Vernonanthura polyanthes (CO). Thus, although regeneration is comparable between seedling planting techniques, active restoration in lines tends to have higher values for the number of regenerating individuals compared to nucleation and control. This trend can possibly be attributed to the lower density of individuals in the planted community in the lines, which may have favored natural regeneration compared to nucleation, where individuals were grouped in nuclei. Therefore, given its ease of implementation and maintenance, and better ecological indicators, line planting has proven to be the most efficient technique.

4
  • SUÉLEM COSTA MOREIRA SOARES
  • The use of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. as a biomonitor of atmospheric vehicular pollution along the Santos Dumont highway – Excerpt of BR-116/RJ

  • Líder : ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CESAR ROGÉRIO LEAL DO AMARAL
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • ANTONIO AZEREDO
  • Data: 28-feb-2024
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The highways are vast networks, with a long length of paved land that can negatively impact the environment, especially when projected close to federal conservation units. Therefore, this study aimed to study the impact of BR-116 traffic on the distribution of air pollution within the Serra dos Órgãos National Park. In this study, samples from Bromélia Tillandsia Usneoids L. (L.) were transplanted and exposed for 45 days outdoors at 4 Serra dos Órgãos National Park sites: Guapimirim, Vale do Garrafão, Ecological Sanctuary and Teresópolis Headquarters. The determination of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) were investigated by atomic absorption spectrometry, while quantification of particulate material (MP2.5, MP10 and MP> 10) was performed by Electronic scanning microscope device. The Fe stood out as the most abundant concentration element in all areas of study, while the total particulate material index was more abundant in the Guapimirim region, as well as Fe. The sample points arranged on the edge of the highway have greater contribution of heavy metals and particulate material compared to other samples, due to the higher proximity to the highway. Therefore, it is expected that public actions and policies to mitigate the concentrations of MPs, and several other pollutants that are present in their composition (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, contaminants of secondary origin, among others), should focus on reducing vehicle emissions and the promotion of cleaner fuels, encouraging the development of transport systems based on cleaner energy sources.

5
  • CARLA ALVES FERREIRA DE SANTANA
  • ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND LICENSING SYSTEM: INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES IMPLEMENTED IN THE WOOD SEGMENT

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • CAROLINA NOGUEIRA XAVIER
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • Data: 29-mar-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Environmental management is characterized by practices that involve the implementation of sustainable actions to reduce and control environmental impacts generated by industrial activities. It is in the interest of companies to adopt measures that minimize these impacts, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and environmental inspection. One of the essential practices in this context is Solid Waste Management, which are actions that aim to minimize negative impacts on the environment and public health, while seeking to maximize
    opportunities and reduce costs and risks associated with solid waste arising from activities. industrial. There is also Environmental Licensing, an instrument through which public authorities monitor potentially polluting enterprises, aiming to prevent damage to the environment. This study aimed to interpret and analyze environmental management practices, involving the management system and environmental licensing, as means of mitigating environmental impacts and effecting environmental regularization, having as its object of study two companies in the timber sector located in União da Vitória/PR. The research was conducted in both companies, with data collection carried out throughout 2023, through visits and interviews with the owners. The results indicated that the environmental management practices adopted by the two companies, both in the management and use of waste, are aligned with the objectives proposed by the environmental management systems. In the context of environmental regularization, the large company complied with the legislation by obtaining a license from the competent environmental agency. On the other hand, the small company had never requested licensing, it recently requested, but is still in violation of environmental legislation, subject to inspection and possible administrative penalties. It was evident that both companies in the wood sector seek sustainable practices, although one of them lacked knowledge about the importance of environmental licensing and the consequences arising from non-compliance with environmental laws. With the aim of providing guidance on understanding the importance of Environmental Management, which covers not only solid waste management but also environmental licensing, a newsletter was developed to guide companies on the crucial importance of environmental licensing.

Tesis
1
  • GLAYCIANNE CHRISTINE VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ATAIDE
  • .

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANA LÍCIA PATRIOTA FELICIANO
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • JEANNE ALMEIDA DA TRINDADE
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • SERGIO BRAZOLIN
  • Data: 20-mar-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

2
  • MARISTELA VOLPATO
  • Soil and vegetation variables of different phytophysiognomies in the Cerrado-Amazonia Mato-Grossense transition

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • DEIVID LOPES MACHADO
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • ORIVALDO JOSE SAGGIN JUNIOR
  • Data: 25-mar-2024


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The transition region between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the state of Mato Grosso has an environmental complexity that involves intermediate characteristics of the two biomes, which promotes the interaction of various forest and savannah phytophysiognomies. As in isolated biomes, there is high biodiversity in this region that has not yet been described and which, given its coincidence with agricultural frontier sites and intense deforestation, can be impacted by anthropogenic actions. Therefore, this work proposed the knowledge of the soil biological community (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and macrofauna) in phytophysiognomies of this region based on field sampling, to also contribute with information about the relationship of these biological components with the variations of soil and vegetation characteristics in these vegetation formations. In addition, it was proposed to verify the potential of using spectral characteristics of vegetation, obtained indirectly through satellite sensors, to estimate litter stock and nutrients, in order to contribute to alternative methods for characterization of this important component of the soil-vegetation compartment. The results showed that the soil biological communities, both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and macrofauna, have different abundance among the phytophysiognomies, but the richness of species and groups is similar among them. Regarding the use of satellite data to estimate litter characteristics, a satisfactory performance was observed for the nitrogen content of the material, demonstrating that there is the possibility of using these types of information to characterize litter.

2023
Disertaciones
1
  • ALAIN RODRIGUES THIRKELL WHEATLEY
  • Influence of environmental variables on the community of tree species in a restored area in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu - RJ
  • Líder : JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRE SCARAMBONE ZAU
  • JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 27-feb-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Atlantic Forest in its original extension has already become one of the largest on the planet and is considered one of the five most important hotspots of the world in terms of biodiversity. In recent centuries, however, the planet's forest cover has been drastically reduced and fragmented. As a result, several projects have been implemented around the world aiming the restoration of the most impacted biomes, being the total area planting one of the most used techniques for restoring areas of the Atlantic forest. However, little is known about the importance and dynamics of the community of regenerating individuals in actively restored areas. There is a diverse range of factors and processes that influence the arrival and establishment of regenerating individuals in areas of this type. This study focus on an area of 100 hectares, reforested by total area planting seedlings, with stretches of flat relief and the presence of two hills, located in the Ecological Reserve of Guapiaçu, Cachoeiras de Macacu - RJ. Sampling was carried out by randomly distributing 50 plots of 100m2 each, totaling 0.5 hectares sampled in total. In this research, we sought to understand how some variables in the study area influenced the density, richness and species composition of the regenerating community. The slope and distance of the plot to the nearest surrounding forest patches were the only variables that influenced the species composition of the área (R²=0,194). The richness of regenerating individuals, in turn, were positively influenced by the density of planted individuals and by the density of Guarea Guidonia individuals also planted. The density of sampled regenerating individuals was influenced by the greater number of analyzed variables, while the richness of planted trees and the distance from the surrounding forest caused positive variation; the planting density and grass cover in the area had a negative influence on this parameter. The most abundant species in natural regeneration were Moquiniastrum polymorphum (Less.) G. Sancho, Cecropia pachystachya Trécul, Miconia albicans (Sw.) Steud., Myrsine Coriaceae (Sw.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. and Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer. Of these five species, only Miconia albicans was sensitive to the physical variables studied, the other four species were more generalist. The results confirmed that not only the decisions made during planting, but also the local and surrounding physical characteristics are capable of influencing the colonization of regenerating recruits.

2
  • ALAN ANDRADE DOS SANTOS
  • Genetic diversity and population structure of three tree species in a restored mangrove: implications for restoration

  • Líder : ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • GUSTAVO MARUYAMA MORI
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • Data: 27-feb-2023
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The mangrove ecosystem occurs in tropical and subtropical regions around the world and is characterized by being an environment adapted to constant hydrological changes due to its occurrence in intertidal areas. Due to their coastal location, they suffer from anthropic disturbances of different intensities and origins, which lead to the loss of their original cover, loss of biodiversity and their ecosystem roles. This is the case of the Barão de Mauá Municipal Natural Park, which, in addition to the historic loss of vegetation cover, the area was intensely affected by an oil spill. Thus, the study aims to analyze the population structure of the three tree species and verify the genetic diversity of the species Avicennia schaueriana used in the ecological restoration of the PNMBM mangrove after the oil spill. To analyze the genetic diversity of the A. schaueriana population in the restored area, the ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular marker technique was used, where it was analyzed locally by the predefined areas of the PNMBM, making the comparison through the indices. The results indicate a low genetic diversity in general and a high rate of inbreeding. For the analysis of the population structure, ecological plots divided between the three areas with different restoration ages and pre-defined in the scope of the study were placed to obtain structural measures of the individuals of A. schaueriana, L. racemosa and R. mangle. The results showed the absence of mangrove zonation patterns in the PNMBM and a low number of A. schaueriana adults and seedlings with a great prominence of the L. racemosa species present, homogeneous in all sampled forests. Studies have shown that the restored area of the PNMBM needs specific management in order to recover the genetic diversity of a species that is not very abundant and is highly necessary for the maintenance of the mangrove system.

3
  • IAGO LANES DE OLIVEIRA GOMES
  • Richness and distruibution of the Myrtaceae family in Ilha Grande.

  • Líder : MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • SEBASTIÃO JOSÉ DA SILVA NETO
  • Data: 28-feb-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Rio de Janeiro is entirely inserted in the Atlantic Forest Domain, being one of the states that preserves the highest percentage of remnants of this biome in the Brazilian territory. Together with the high biodiversity and the endemism in several groups, the State stands out as a strategic territory for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest. The Myrtaceae family has been cited quite frequently in floristic studies carried out in the Atlantic Forest
    as part of the families with the greatest species richness. In Brazil, 29 genera and 1195 species were cataloged for Myrtaceae, where 789 are endemic. Distributed in all phytogeographical domains, the family has the Atlantic Forest as one of its centers of diversity, approximately 60% of the total species occur under its domain. Ilha Grande is remembered as a place of incredible scenic beauty, featuring several paradisiacal beaches, natural water sources and different ecosystems with a rich biodiversity, making it attractive to many tourists who visit the island each year, which may be the cause of major impacts on natural remnants. The islands are highly vulnerable to environmental modification, therefore, vegetation mapping works, with the description and identification of plant communities, are of fundamental importance for recording their flora. Consultations with published works and herbaria collections resulted in a checklist with 104 species subordinated to 11 genera: Blepharocalyx O.Berg (1 spp.), Campomanesia Ruiz et Pav. (6 spp.), Eugenia L. (43 spp.), Myrceugenia O. Berg (2 spp.), Myrcia DC. (36 spp.), Myrciaria O.Berg (4 spp.), Neomitranthes Kausel ex D.Legrand (3 spp.), Pimenta Lindl.(1 sp.), Plinia L.(4 spp.), Psidium L.( 2 spp.) and Syzygium Gaertn.(2 spp.). Among these, Eugenia and Myrcia stand out for their greater species richness. 10 species evaluated in some category of risk of extinction according to the IUCN criteria were listed. The study indicated the occurrence of 10 new taxa for
    the study area.

4
  • PEDRO HENRIQUE CANDIOTA BEVILAQUA
  • Evaluation of the structure of the population of Palmeira Juçara (Euterpe Edulis Mart.) and its relationship with soil characteristics of a stretch of Atlantic Forest.

  • Líder : EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • Data: 28-feb-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Euterpe edulis species has great ecological importance in native forests and regenerating woods. It is endemic to the entire Brazilian coast, in the Atlantic Forest domain, from southern Bahia to northern Rio Grande do Sul. Its ecological importance is also reinforced by the fact that it is one of the few commercially exploited species that can be cultivated in native forests, allowing their conservation through enrichment systems and sustainable management. That is why it is important to better understand the behavior characteristics of the species in different successional stages so that they are better integrated both in the Agroforestry Systems and in the ecological management of native forests for production with a focus on extractivism, as well as for their
    conservation and regeneration. The present study analyzes the population structure of the species Euterpe edulis in a stretch of Atlantic Forest (1.12 ha) in order to understand how the species interacts and contributes to the forest regeneration process. Stratified sampling was carried out with 9 plots of 100m², totaling 900 m². In total, 187 individuals over 1.3 m tall were sampled. The geographic coordinates of all points were marked with a Garmin GPS and later processed in the GPS TrackMaker software. The treatments given to the plots were breast height diameter (DBH), height and sub-plots of 1m² to study the ontogenetic stages. To establish a relationship between physical and chemical soil attributes with regeneration, 9 deformed soil samples of 500g were collected, in the 0-30 cm horizon, and sent for laboratory analysis. After this step, a statistical analysis was performed to understand the correlation of variables in the different ontogenetic stages. Through Barlett's sphericity test, the null hypothesis was accepted, that is, the variables do not present a significant correlation with each other. It was decided to exclude Cu and B that did not show significant correlation and to apply the principal component analysis (PCA), where 22 variables were analyzed in relation to their principal components (PC1 and PC2) responsible for explaining 64.32% of the result. Thus, we could understand how each soil variable contributes to the dynamics of ontogenetic stages. It was observed that the variables potassium (K) and clay showed a strong correlation with the total number of individuals per hectare in the seedling stage (nha_P). Finally, a histogram was made with the frequency distribution of DBH and height in each platform. It was observed that as the class size increases, the frequency decreases until reaching its lowest index in the highest height class, characterizing an exponential-type curve, also known as an inverted-J. The possibility is that the establishment of a population where individuals are distributed in inverted-J, ensures
    that the species will naturally regenerate within the forest.

5
  • ANA CAROLINA LINDOLFO DE OLIVEIRA
  • Removal of xylans from bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp and production of cellulose acetate

  • Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • Robisnea Adriana Ribeiro
  • Data: 02-mar-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The dissolving pulp market has been growing over the years. It is estimated that the production of dissolving pulp will increase production capacity by 2 million tons by the year up to 2025. This type of pulp has a high cellulose content and low hemicellulose content, being the cellulose content the main quality parameter, which can vary from 90 to 98% depending on the needs of the final product. The could caustic extraction (CCE), know and use commercially, promotes the removal of hemicelluloses through alkaline solutions at low temperatures, generally ranging from 20 to 60ºC, which has the ability to interrupt the hydrogen bonds between cellulose and hemicelluloses, causing fiber swelling. Even with good results, studies are needed to optimize this technology. Organic compound that has been studied for use in CCE extractions since there are few studies regarding their uses. This work aimed to obtain dissolving pulp from the removal of xylans from commercial bleached eucalypt Kraft pulp bleached CCE method using organic compost as additive. The bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp was kept in the CCE process with a variation in the content of the organic compound chosen for this analysis (0; 1.5; 3; 4,5; 6%), keeping the system constant for the concentration of NaOH (630 kg/ton), temperature (30ºC), 10% consistency and reaction time of 30 minutes. The main findings were: (1) It was possible improve the xylans removal by using organic compound; (2) It is possible to generate cellulose acetate from bleached kraft pulp. 

6
  • CEZAR DIAS CARDOSO JÚNIOR
  • DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF COPAÍBA (Copaifera sp.) IN TERRA FIRME FOREST AND VARZEA FOREST IN THE AMAZON REGION

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
  • Data: 23-mar-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Dendrochronology consists of studies of growth rings, which are influenced by issues intrinsic to the species themselves, biotic factors – such as attacks by xylophagous agents –, abiotic factors such as eccentricity, temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pollution, etc. The objective of this work is to analyze the growth rate in diameter of trees located in upland and floodplain areas, to analyze Accumulated Radial Increment (IRA), Average Annual Radial Increment (IRMA), Current Annual Increment (ICA); Average Annual Increment (IMA), analyze the influence of the ENOS phenomenon on tree growth, analyze the limiting factor for tree growth through the correlation between precipitation and temperature and the width of the annual growth rings and analyze the variation in the porosity pattern of wood in the upland area and the floodplain area. The methodology used consists of collecting baguettes (rays), through an increment tract, in trees in different sites located in the state of Acre, therefore sanding the samples, manually demarcating, scanning the baguettes and using software. These softwares are COFECHA and ARSTAN, essential for dendrochronological statistical analysis. The results showed correlations of 0.51 and 0.41 (Crôa site and Capixaba site, respectively), with sensitivity around 0.40. These results conclude that there are differences between the sites, in addition, there is a strong correlation between the Capixaba site in relation to precipitation and the Crôa site in relation to temperature.

7
  • PRISCILA MOREIRA OLIVEIRA
  • Phytosanitary analysis risk assessment in imperial palm trees (Roystonea oleracea) from the urban afforestation of Ilha do Governador – RJ.

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • SERGIO BRAZOLIN
  • Data: 30-mar-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The imperial palm tree Roystonea oleracea (N. J. Jacquin) O.F. Cook was introduced in Brazil by the then Prince Regent Dom João VI, and planted in the acclimatization garden in 1809 (ARAÚJO et al., 2010). From that moment on, the species began to be used in urban afforestation, becoming one of the most frequent species in urban spaces. In 2016, the City Council of the city of Rio de Janeiro, through Law N° 6,080, recognized the set of imperial palm trees existing in Praia da Bica, Rua Uçá and Rua Jorge Lima, as ecological heritage to be protected, their planting dates back to 1928. However, there is a need for specific methodologies for risk assessment and diagnosis of plant health in palm trees.

8
  • SILAS LIMA BITTENCOURT
  • Evaluation of Brachiaria control (Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster) in an agroforestry system using cover crops, mechanical and chemical control.

  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • JOSÉ GUILHERME MARINHO GUERRA
  • Data: 01-abr-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The project consisted of implementing an experimental unit to evaluate the control of Brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) R.D.Webster) in an Agroforestry System (SAF) area located in the Três Quedas Farm, Rio Claro - RJ. The property is located on the banks of the Parado River, in the Rio das Pedras microbasin, an important tributary of the Piraí River. The experiment aimed to evaluate the use of green cover crop techniques compared to conventional techniques such as mowing and herbicide application. The dry weight of biomass was evaluated in each treatment, as well as the cost analysis of each technique. The work aimed to define the best alternative to be adopted in terms of Brachiaria control in the context of Agroforestry Systems and to evaluate the operational cost of
    implementing each treatment.

9
  • MARCOS DIEGO GONZAGA DA SILVA
  • ABC PROGRAM IN BRAZIL IN THE PERIOD OF 2013-2021: A CASE STUDY IN THE CITY OF VALENÇA-RJ

  • Líder : VANESSA MARIA BASSO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • VANESSA MARIA BASSO
  • LAÉRCIO ANTÔNIO GONÇALVES JACOVINE
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 26-may-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Faced with serious environmental problems caused by the emission of greenhouse gases into
    the atmosphere caused by various activities, including agriculture, Brazil launched the ABC
    Program in 2010. This was the first set of rural credit lines in the world aimed at promoting
    low-carbon agriculture. The objective of this study was to understand how the ABC Program
    has been used in Brazil from 2013 to 2021, as well as to analyze the specific case of the
    municipality of Valença-RJ in practice. The work was divided into two chapters. In the first
    chapter, through official sources of data such as BACEN, IBGE and BNDES, the necessary
    data were collected to build the results and discussions carried out with regard to the panorama
    of the ABC Program in the period considered. In the second chapter, in order to understand
    how ABC Program credit lines are taken in practice and the possible opportunities for use, data
    were collected from questionnaires applied to rural producers, financial agents and technical
    assistance institutions in the city from Valença-RJ. In general, in chapter 1 it was possible to
    verify that the volumes taken by the credit lines of the ABC Program, when compared to
    conventional lines, are proportionally very low. The most expressive volumes are in regions
    where there is a strong movement to recover degraded pastures, such as the Brazilian Midwest.
    In chapter 2, the city of Valença, which previously had its economy focused on the coffee
    culture, today has livestock as its main activity, and with the literature it demonstrated how
    historically both activities generated wear mainly on the soil of the city. However, the data
    showed that the volumes taken in Valença-RJ are much lower than necessary. With the
    questionnaires, it was demonstrated that, in general, neither the producers nor the employees of
    the financial agents know about the ABC Program, which makes it difficult to commercialize
    the product. In addition, there is no movement to encourage municipal public bodies, as is the
    case with the promotion of the Programa de Integração Lavoura Pecuária Floresta in the
    Brazilian Midwest and ends up encouraging the taking of credit lines that encourage the
    recovery of degraded pastures, given the strong presence of livestock activity in Valença-RJ.
    Given all the time that has elapsed since the implementation of the ABC Program in 2010,
    issues such as greater investments, better distribution of resources, analysis of the applicability
    of the lines of credit that make up the ABC Program, monitoring of use and results, should
    already be in more well defined than they currently are.

10
  • THAÍS MARCOLINO RIBEIRO
  • Dynamics of fire foci in the Legal Amazon

  • Líder : BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • MARCEL CARVALHO ABREU
  • JOSE FRANCISCO DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
  • Data: 28-ago-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Burning is a widely used practice in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region, and is the main land preparation instrument used by rural producers, who combine cutting vegetation with the use of fire. The data on hotspots in Brazil made available by the National Institute for Space Research, in its fire database, often present redundancies due to the detection of the same fire more than once by the same satellite or by different satellites. In the present work, with the objective of reducing redundancies, a process of identification and exclusion of fire outbreaks or burnings was carried out, with the aid of the QGis software. The influence of the different satellites on the detection and the total number of hot spots was tracked after filtering the data and intelligence of the redundancy percentages. In order to analyze the spatial distribution of hot spots in the Legal Amazon for the period, maps will be prepared using the Kernel Density Index. The influence of different bioclimatic variables on the occurrence of hot spots was evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), using R software. The relationship between the number of hotspots and the ONI index, which is a measure of El Niño-Southern Oscillation.

11
  • TOM ADNET MOURA
  • .

  • Líder : BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • FRANCISCO JOSE DE BARROS CAVALCANTI
  • VINICIUS COSTA CYSNEIROS
  • Data: 29-ago-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Creative solutions based on disruptive and innovative technologies have been identified as necessary tools for the development of the bioeconomy in the Amazon. Amazonian communities, guardians of the forest, especially the new generations, need support to conserve and value their cultures, ways of life and thus their relationship with the forest. The technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution applied to the bioeconomy have significant potential to contribute to local production processes and thus to increase the added value of agroextractive products. Sustainable multiple-use forest management can be understood as the appropriate way to manage natural forests, in order to obtain the maximum social and economic benefits, conserving the mechanisms for sustaining natural ecosystems. The use of UAVs and smartphones as work tools for collecting forest data are examples of technologies from the 4th Industrial Revolution that have great potential to contribute to the development of forest resource management initiatives. This work had as general objective to evaluate, the case study of the applications of UAVs and smartphones in the context of the Community Forestry Management of FLONA do Purus, Amazon, Brazil. Mappings carried out using the UAV contribute to forest planning, exploration and monitoring activities in the Forest Management Units and contribute to demonstrating that the activity has a low impact on forest cover. Smartphones make it possible to integrate the georeferencing of trees and other information of interest with the recording of numeric attributes, text, photographs, videos, audio, measuring the height of the bole and other unexplored potentials.

12
  • JOVANI PEREIRA BARBOSA MONTEIRO
  • Avifauna of the Ribeirão das Lajes Reservoir and Bird-Plant Interactions in a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest Remnant

  • Líder : ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • HENRIQUE BASTOS RAJÃO REIS
  • Data: 30-ago-2023
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest biome led to the formation of forest remnants, many of which lack importance in terms of species conservation, but lack studies on their biodiversity and as ecological refuges that are crucial for their long-term maintenance. These studies are important for understanding the relationships that maintain the balance of ecosystems in the long term, constituting important tools for establishing conservation projects. The objective of this work was to survey the avifauna and describe the structure of the bird-plant vegetation network in a remnant of Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. The survey of avifauna and bird-plant remnants was carried out in the forest remnant around the Ribeirão das Lajes Reservoir (RRL), between November 2021 and October 2022. The “Mackinnon Lists” method was used and the search active along pre-existing trails, recording bird species observed and/or heard, as well as deep among frugivorous birds and plants. At intervals of 15 days, the pre-existing trails were covered in the morning, totaling about 40 km covered, and incursions were also carried out during the night. A total of 384 species were recorded, distributed in 25 orders and 68 families. The order Passeriformes had the highest species richness, with 224 species, while the most representative families were Tyrannidae (45 spp) and Thraupidae (43 spp). Of the total number of species, 79 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. Fourteen species are under some degree of threat of extinction and another 17 species are considered near threatened. Regarding bird-plant respirations, 136 bird species were observed consuming dispersal diaspores of 154 plant species, totaling 1435 bird species, involving a total of 290 species. Of the total number of registered trademarks, 1253 showed the potential for dispersion. The remnants of the RRL are important for the conservation of endemic Atlantic Forest bird species and the refuge network is strongly nested, indicating the presence of generalist species forming a dense core of comfort where the rest of the community is connected.

13
  • MARIANA SILVA DE ANDRADE
  • The problem of fire in the municipality of Seropédica (RJ): socio-environmental diagnosis and perceptions

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MANOEL DO COUTO FERNANDES
  • Data: 11-oct-2023
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Over the years 2010 to 2022 Seropédica was one of the municipalities with the highest number of fire foci in Rio de Janeiro. In order to analyze this question, the general objective was to investigate the problem of fire in the municipality of Seropédica, with a focus on the Mário Xavier National Forest, through the analysis of fire foci, land use and cover and meteorological variables, in addition to seeking to understand the perception of the local population regarding the fires. The research presents a quantitative and qualitative approach and is divided into two stages. In the first stage, data of fire foci were obtained for the years 2010 to 2022, through INPE's BDQueimadas program. Land use and cover data were acquired on the United States Geological Survey website, based on images from the LANDSAT 5 and LANDSAT 8 satellites. This information was processed in QGIS software and in Excel. The statistical analysis, carried out using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and the coefficient of determination (R2), showed a strong and positive correlation between fire foci and the class “Exposed soil/Urban area” (r = 0 ,8). In contrast, a strong and negative correlation was obtained for the class “Pastures” (r = - 0.8) and for the relative humidity variable in the annual analysis (r = -0.6) and in the dry period (r = -0.7). Regarding fire foci, the application of the exclusion model of multiple heat foci obtained an average of 46% reduction. In the analysis of the spatial distribution of fire foci from the Kernel maps, a very high and high density of fire foci was observed in the most central region of the municipality, in almost all years. Regarding Flona Mário Xavier, it was possible to note that the pressure exerted by urbanization, fragmentation by roads and creation of pasture areas for grazing within its limits and surroundings can contribute to the occurrence of fires in this location.. The second stage of the research took place from the application of the semi- structured test, between the months of May and June, in the online and face-to-face format. 60 interviewees participated in this research, all residents of the municipality of Seropédica. The open questions were paths followed by Bardin's Content Analysis method (2016) and the closed questions were paths followed through descriptive statistics. The analysis of responses contributed to understanding the perception of the local population regarding the use of fire, its impacts and causes. For most respondents, fires are caused by burning garbage and clearing land and creating/renovating pasture areas. The main impacts of this phenomenon on daily life involve the presence of smoke, soot and respiratory problems. In relation to the fires in Flona Mário Xavier, the main impacts pointed out are related to the loss of biodiversity and soil degradation. In addition, respondents demonstrated to recognize the risk of this phenomenon and indicated actions aimed at reducing fires in Flona Mário Xavier, mainly through awareness of the negative impacts of fire and the importance of protected areas, in addition to inspection and punishment actions.

14
  • FABYANA DE ANDRADE BARBOSA
  • GEOPROCESSING APPLIED TO THE HISTORY OF TREE FALLS AND WEATHER EVENTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO-RJ

  • Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • GIULIANA DEL NERO VELASCO
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • Data: 30-oct-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The increasing occurrence of extreme weather events, exacerbated by climate change, has caused severe damages in Rio de Janeiro/RJ, including tree falls, which often result in traffic disruptions, property damage, and, in more severe cases, injuries or even fatalities. The research aimed to assess and correlate the history of tree falls with meteorological variables in the city of Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil, from 2015 to 2022. Using the DATA.RIO database, 3.347 tree fall incidents were identified. These incidents were correlated with meteorological data from the same source, as well as climate data provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The tree fall occurrences were mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), highlighting the most affected areas. The study analyzed 15 variables, and the data were organized, tabulated, and analyzed using MS/Excel and BIOSTAT. Normality tests were conducted with hypotheses at a 5% probability level. Among the most affected areas of the city, the northern and southern regions stood out, especially the neighborhoods of Alto da Boa Vista, Tijuca, Copacabana, and Botafogo, due to their dense vegetation, specific geographical location, high population density, and built-up areas. This pattern was more pronounced from December to March, coinciding with the summer season characterized by heavy rains and strong winds, particularly in the year 2019.Through statistical analysis, it was possible to identify that most of the data were statistically significantly positive. However, the correlation between climatic data and tree fall incidence was relatively low. The most prominent variables were maximum wind speed at 2 meters above ground level (NASA), maximum rainfall (NASA), maximum wind speed (Data.Rio), and average and maximum wind gusts (Data.Rio). Nevertheless, the presence of multicollinearity among the independent variables limited the possibility of predicting tree falls. The results indicated that tree falls are significantly more frequent when associated with wind gusts exceeding 11.3 m/s (40.68 km/h) and when associated with rainfall exceeding 5.3 mm/day. These findings inform strategies for more effective prevention and response to future incidents, enhancing urban resilience and ensuring the safety of the population and city infrastructure in the face of climatic adversities.

15
  • ANA CRISTINA ALMEIDA DOS SANTOS
  • INVESTIGATING WOOD EXTRACTS FROM NEOTROPICAL SEMI-ARID SPECIES IN ORDER TO OBTAIN BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS

  • Líder : NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • AGUIDA APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA
  • ANANIAS FRANCISCO DIAS JUNIOR
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • Data: 05-dic-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Neotropical Semiarid is composed of the Caatinga biome, which stands out for containing a great biodiversity, with expressive numbers of rare and endemic taxa. Despite this, the caatinga has been undergoing an extensive process of environmental alteration and deterioration caused by the unsustainable use of its natural resources. The caatinga flora is widely used for herbal purposes by its population. The therapeutic properties of these plants are related to the extractives present in them. Some compounds of these extracts have antioxidant potential and are able to neutralize the action of free radicals and antimicrobials, being called bioactive. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the chemical composition of wood extractives from species Poincianella pyramidalys (Tul.) L. Q. Queiroz, Andira anthelmia (Vell.) Benth, Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., and Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.)Poir aiming at the obtaining bioactive compounds. For this, phytochemical prospecting was carried out, in which we can find phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids and saponins present in most species. Continuing on, the phytochemical screening of the wood extractives was carried out by means of FTIR, followed by the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity and determination of total phenols. Afterwards, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts will be evaluated, and finally, the chemical profile of the extractives will be identified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Tesis
1
  • THAINÁ ALVES DOS SANTOS
  • Forest topsoil as a source of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in forest restoration of degraded áreas.

  • Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • IRENE DA SILVA COELHO
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • JULIANA MULLER FREIRE
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 28-feb-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

     
2
  • WILBERT VALKINIR CABREIRA
  • .

  • Líder : FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • LUCAS JOSÉ MAZZEI DE FREITAS
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 01-mar-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

3
  • VICTÓRIA MARIA MONTEIRO MENDONÇA
  • Oil and urban organic wastes allied to forest restoration
  • Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • DIONE RICHER MOMOLLI
  • ALAN HENRIQUE MARQUES DE ABREU
  • EVERALDO ZONTA
  • FABIO CARDOSO DE FREITAS
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • Data: 31-mar-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Solid waste is a growing problem in our increasingly consumerist and disposable world, which requires compliance with legislation and the adoption of sustainable practices to minimize its impacts and protect the environment. Every day, tons of waste are produced and often disposed of inappropriately, affecting the quality of life of the population and degrading vital ecosystems. However, this problem can be transformed into an opportunity for reuse and income generation, through recycling, turning solid waste into raw material for new products and collaborating with its reduction. The reuse of solid waste in the formulation of substrates for forest seedling production can favor water retention, availability of macro and micronutrients, and reduce costs with substrates. This research aims to characterize and evaluate organic urban solid waste and oil industrial waste, aiming its use in the production of seedlings of native tree species widely used in Forest Restoration, as a sustainable destination for waste. Initially, two organic composts were tested, from the composting of urban tree pruning waste from the city of Rio de Janeiro (CP) and composting of food waste from the university restaurant of UFRRJ (CA), in the production of seedlings of the species Tabebuia aurea. The concentrations of macro and micronutrients, and the development of the species in substrate formulations with different proportions of composts plus commercial substrate (SC) were evaluated. The addition of organic compost of food leftovers (OC) in the formulations increased the contents of macronutrients, and the substrates with 75%SC : 25%CP, 50%SC : 25% CP : 25%CA, and 50% CP : 50% CA provided greater growth in height, neck diameter and biomass, generating seedlings of better quality. In the second stage of the study, the physical and chemical parameters of substrates with increasing proportions of onshore oil well drilling gravel and commercial substrate were evaluated, as well as the growth and quality of Tabebuia roseoalba seedlings produced in the substrates, being the proportions of gravel 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The onshore gravel has great potential for use as a conditioning component for substrate in the production of T. roseoalba seedlings, with metal contents suitable for plant growth, promoting improvement in physical parameters: density, total porosity, aeration space and water holding capacity, and chemical parameters pH and electrical conductivity. The substrates with 2.5% and 5% of gravel are recommended for seedling production providing higher growth in height, root biomass and quality of T. roseoalba seedlings. In the third stage of the research, the potential of onshore (land) and offshore (maritime) oil-well gravels in the pre-salt and post-salt layers was evaluated, in the composition of substrates for the production of two species of different successional groups, being the pioneer species Enterolobium contortisiliquum and the non-pioner Tabebuia roseoalba, and the simulation of the amount of gravels that can be recycled in large-scale production. The onshore and offshore powder-salt gravels promoted superior growth and quality for seedlings of both species up to the maximum dose tested (10%), while the offshore pre-salt gravel could be used up to a dose of 2.5%. The recycling of gravel in large-scale production can reach values of up to 45 thousand tons of the waste disposed of in an adequate and sustainable way.

4
  • JOSE CARLOS CARDOZO
  • Analysis of technical and legal parameters on the use of formaldehyde in wood panels and its impact on post-use logistics.

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • VANESSA MARIA BASSO
  • EDUARDO DE ALVARENGA TAVARES
  • MARCOS CESAR DE SOUZA LIMA
  • Data: 20-abr-2023
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Wood-derived panels became known worldwide as an alternative to the use of wood, both in the field of civil construction and in the field of furniture in general. The demand, the commercial interest, and the possibilities of using wood stimulate research in the sector on a daily basis, which leads to the emergence of new products, the improvement in the quality of existing ones and also stimulates the increase in the consumption of wood products. The studies under development and the contemporary technologies available allowed the implementation and consolidation of logging through planted forests, creating a virtuous cycle. On the other hand, the main binder resins used to manufacture wood-derived panels, formulated based on formaldehyde, which is a dangerous volatile component, interfere with the risk classification of wood and also suggest concern for public administrations in cities, mainly with regard to the disposal of urban solid waste. In this context, an attempt was made to identify the existence and measure the levels of formaldehyde still remaining in panels derived from wood, new and degraded, of the types MDF – Medium Density Fiberboard and MDP – Medium Density Particleboard, as they are the most consumed types of panels, particulate or fiber. The research was carried out in the municipality-city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Campo Grande neighborhood, where new panels were purchased. As for the degraded panels, these were collected during visits to the following locations: COMLURB Waste Transfer Stations, which serve the Campo Grande neighborhood; Rio Waste Treatment Center (CTR Rio) which receives all urban solid waste collection from the municipality-city of Rio de Janeiro and, finally, collected from the shoulders of public roads and vacant lots, at three different points on Avenida Brasil, all on the neighborhood of Campo Grande. Next, the specimens were produced at the Wood Processing Laboratory (LPM), at the Forest Institute, rom UFRRJ; used in evaluations of remaining formaldehyde content, carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry of Madeira, also at the Forest Institute, at UFRRJ. In the process of evaluating the formaldehyde levels, the “bottle method”, described in the European Standard - EN 717-3:1997, was used. The obtained results indicated significant variations in the remaining formaldehyde indexes, when comparing the results of the new panels with the degraded ones, inferring that the submission to the weather caused volatilization of the formaldehyde to the human environment. The public system for collecting, receiving and final disposal of urban solid waste, adopted in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, was researched, as well as field research was carried out to verify any irregular disposal of waste, remains and rejects from the referred panels on public roads or wastelands. The procedures adopted were compared with the normative systems that deal with the subject, especially the law 12.305-2010, which deals with the National Policy on Solid Waste, with the municipal normative system. In the end, the importance of improving the inspection and collection system was observed, through the adoption of political decisions that will not always be pleasant, but that can effectively contribute to mitigate the effects of formaldehyde and/or replace the binder resins used to manufacture the derivative panels from the wood.

5
  • HERCIDES MARQUES DE FRANÇA JUNIOR
  • Restoration of degraded pastures through seed dispersal and ruminant grazing.

  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • RODRIGO VASCONCELOS DE OLIVEIRA
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • SÉRGIO TRABALI CAMARGO FILHO
  • TIAGO BOER BREIER
  • Data: 28-abr-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Humid tropical forests are among the most endangered in the world, making their restoration imperative. Aiming to contribute to the current demand, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of overcoming seed dormancy, seed dispersal, implantation and formation of neotropical forest stands (restoration of forest and pastoral
    ecosystems) by the feces of goats and cattle (endozoochoric). Experiments were carried out to recover and germinate seeds after passing through the digestive tract of ruminants (cattle and goats), implantation and initial establishment of neotropical forest species in pastures degraded by ruminants. It is possible to restore degraded pastoral ecosystems at low cost through the dispersion of neotropical forest seeds of local origin and pasture of domestic cattle, promoting in synchrony the increase of productivity and income; the mitigation of greenhouse gases generated by livestock activity, animal welfare and the increase in original biodiversity.

6
  • MARCONDES GERALDO COELHO JUNIOR
  • Land use and ethnoconservation of soil from quilombola territories in the Atlantic Forest

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CRISTHIANE OLIVEIRA DA GRAÇA AMÂNCIO
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • LUIS MAURO SAMPAIO MAGALHAES
  • PATRICIA DIAS TAVARES
  • Data: 10-jul-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Soil is a key component in natural systems and provides various benefits for both ecosystem stability and for humans. However, soils are among the natural resources most impacted and threatened by anthropic factors. Rationality on soil use depends on different valuations for nature, shaping attitudes towards soil use and management, as well as influencing levels of soil conservation or degradation. Quilombola communities formed essentially from enslaved people who fled to forests for resisting colonial order, embody the argument that local knowledge about natural resources is intrinsic to communities who strive for their survival and benefits from nature. In rural areas, quilombola developed a sustainable agriculture model based on their black ancestry. Their territories and land use and management practices in the Atlantic Forest are a legacy for conservation, since the quilombola communities built their territorial autonomy, evidencing the quilombola's vanguard for the conservation of the most devastated biome in Brazil. This thesis aims to assess the ethnoconservation of soils in two quilombola communities in the Atlantic Forest, Quilombo do Campinho da Independência, Paraty - RJ, and Quilombo de Santa Rita do Bracuí, Angra dos Reis - RJ, based on participatory studies, co-production of knowledge and physical, chemical and biological indicators for soil quality and soil health. Therefore, it is organized in four chapters, as follows: Chapter I is an introduction to the subject and contextualizes the conceptual background underlying this research; Chapter II refers to an opinion article published as Letter to the Editor, denouncing the Brazilian government's neglect to protect quilombola communities during the COVID-19 pandemic; and Chapters III and IV presents two case studies evaluating soil conservation in four land use systems in two quilombola territories. In Chapter III, soil quality indicators, the agricultural suitability and local knowledge of soils were framed as soils' contributions to people, following the Nature's Contributions to People (NCP) concept by IPBES. In Chapter IV, soil health was assessed based on two key factors: soil aggregates and the enzymatic activity (enzymes arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase). The findings reveal that quilombola's management of soil can both preserve soils in their territories and maintain a healthy soil supply to deliver multiple benefits, including human well-being and safeguarding the historical and cultural values of Afro-Brazilian communities

7
  • DANILO HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS ATAIDE
  • Spatial Modeling Applied to the Management of Timber Species in the Amazon Biome

  • Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • HASSAN CAMIL DAVID
  • MARCEL CARVALHO ABREU
  • MARCO ANTONIO MONTE
  • RAFAELLA DE ANGELI CURTO
  • VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: 31-ago-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • This thesis aimed to evaluate the spatial modeling of vegetation indices and the volume of timber species, with the goal of analyzing the environmental factors that drive the spatial distribution of these variables in the North Mato Grosso Amazon, Brazil. In Chapter 1, titled "Analysis and spatial distribution of vegetation indices of timber species in the Amazon biome," the objective was to assess the spatial continuity of density, richness, diversity, dominance, and evenness of timber species in the Amazon and to identify the environmental variables that most influence the spatial distribution of these vegetation indices. In Chapter 2, titled "Regression kriging in the spatial estimation of timber species volume in the North Mato Grosso Amazon," the aim was to build a regression model, combined with regression kriging, to estimate and spatially map the timber volume. Additionally, the chapter analyzed the environmental factors influencing the spatial distribution of timber species volume in Amazon forests. Chapter 3, "Stratification and regression kriging in the spatial estimation of timber species volume in the North Mato Grosso Amazon," aimed to evaluate stratification based on phytophysionomy and groups obtained through cluster analysis in the regression modeling associated with regression kriging for the estimation of timber volume. Lastly, titled "Volumetric modeling of timber species in the Amazon biome, combining LiDAR-GEDI total height, environmental variables, and regression kriging," Chapter 4 aimed to assess the incorporation of total height obtained through LiDAR-GEDI in the regression modeling of timber volume in Amazon forests. It was concluded that diversity, richness, and evenness of species exhibit structured spatial patterns, with an increasing spatial gradient from Southeast to Northwest. In contrast, species dominance follows an opposing gradient, increasing towards the Southeast. Dense and Open Ombrophilous Forests display higher diversity and richness, while Seasonal Evergreen Forests exhibit lower values. Phytophysionomies located in ecologically tense areas present intermediate values. Forests with higher diversity and richness are associated with regions of lower precipitation seasonality. Furthermore, sites with higher annual mean temperature and annual precipitation indices facilitate greater diversity of timber tree species in the North Mato Grosso Amazon.The volume of timber species is also strongly influenced by environmental factors, with climatic seasonality and soil properties being prominent. Volumetric modeling using environmental variables was effective, especially when combined with techniques like residual regression kriging. The use of LiDAR-GEDI data to obtain total tree height proved to be a viable alternative in timber volume estimation, in regional scales. The spatial dependence of total height, along with its use in conjunction with residual kriging, indicated promising potential to enhance the precision and accuracy of timber volume estimations.

8
  • LEANDRO TRAVASSOS DOS SANTOS
  • My home, my life: floristic influence on a mammalian assemblage in a patch of the Atlantic Forest

  • Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ANDRÉ MONNERAT LANNA
  • ATILLA COLOMBO FERREGUETTI
  • CECÍLIA CRONEMBERGER DE FARIA
  • MARCELO MAGIOLI
  • Data: 29-sep-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The understanding of the environmental influence on the abundance and distribution of
    organisms is the goal of ecology, expanding knowledge about geographic distribution,
    assemblage of communities and patterns of diversity. In a fragmentation and habitat loss
    gradient, the occurrence of species can be indicated by environmental and anthropic variables.
    Based on this scenario, a bibliographic survey was carried out on the factors that influence the
    richness and occurrence of medium and large mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The
    most cited variables, by species, were vegetation cover/fragment size, number of fragments in
    the landscape, edge and human density. Forest cover/fragment size had positive effects both
    for species richness and for most species. The number of fragments, density of edges and
    roads were the variables most cited as negative effects by species. Distance from water
    resources and edges, vegetation structure and exotic species as important predictor variables
    for the presence of species at a local scale, and forest cover, connectivity and roads at a large
    scale. Studies show that there is a range of population responses to environmental variables,
    with anthropic impacts that may be positive for generalist species. The Atlantic Forest is
    intensely defaunated, with a predominance of smaller and generalist species. Although most
    studies address forest species, few studies have evaluated the effect of floristic composition
    on richness and occupation of fauna. The Tinguá Biological Reserve has a high floristic
    richness and here it was proposed to study how this richness affects the richness of mammals
    and their probability of occupation in an altitudinal gradient. The Reserve had a 28 species of
    mammals. There was no difference in mammal assemblage composition between submontane
    and montane forest. The richness and composition of fruit tree species positively influenced
    the occupation of the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), collared peccary
    (Dicotyles tajacu) and White-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) negatively the opossum
    (Didelphis aurita), the squirrel (Guerlinguetus brasiliensis), paca (Cuniculus paca) and agouti
    (Dasyprocta leporina). Environmental variables such as altitude positively influenced the
    occupation of sussuarana (Puma concolor) and negatively that of agouti. When assessing
    whether the occupation of the White-lipped peccary affects the occupation of the collared
    peccary, there was no significant difference. Although the white-lipped peccary and collared
    peccary use the entire altitudinal gradient sampled, the white-lipped peccary predominates at
    higher levels, between 600 and 800 meters, and collared peccary up to 400 meters. This fact
    suggests a spatial segregation between the species. The Tinguá Biological Reserve is one of
    the most important remnants of the State of Rio de Janeiro, for the conservation of mammals,
    with a great richness of species and the presence of rare and/or threatened species. However,
    the lack of surveillance favors illegal activities such as hunting and palm heart extraction, as
    well as the robbery of camera traps, making research difficult. The richness and composition
    of tree species influenced most of the analyzed species, indicating heterogeneity in species
    occupation, not by altitudinal diferences, but by floristic.

9
  • DAIANA SOUZA DE JESUS
  • ACETYLATION OF WOOD, AIMING TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL, ACOUSTIC, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL DEGRADATION

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • FABRÍCIO GOMES GONÇALVES
  • HENRIQUE TREVISAN
  • PEDRO GUTEMBERG DE ALCÂNTARA SEGUNDINHO
  • RENATA NUNES OLIVEIRA
  • Data: 26-oct-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Acetylation with acetic anhydride appears as a promising method to improve the properties of wood, reducing its sensitivity to humidity, increasing dimensional stability and durability. This chemical process, which creates hydrophobic acetyl groups in the cell wall, results in more resistant and durable wood, being sold as an alternative to materials such as tropical woods, plastics, metals and concrete. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment by acetylation on the physical, acoustic, mechanical properties and biological degradation of coniferous wood (pine) and hardwood wood (marupá). Specimens were manufactured in different dimensions, according to the tests to be carried out: 25x30x50 mm (radial × tangential × longitudinal) for dimensional stability tests, 20x20x10 mm for biological tests and rulers with dimensions of 5x35x300 mm for the other tests.The samples were acetylated with acetic anhydride heated to two different temperatures: 100 or 120 °C and kept for 1 hour or 2 hours. Three drying methods were tested before acetylation: oven-dried wood at 103+/- 2°C; wood dried in an oven at 60 °C with the application of vacuum at -720 mmHg; Dry wood with phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) at room temperature. Percent weight gain (WPG) was calculated to determine acetylation efficiency. The apparent density, equilibrium moisture content, linear (tangential, radial and longitudinal) and volumetric contractions and the saturation point of the fibers were determined in accordance with the ABNT NBR 7190/97 standard. The static modulus of elasticity (MOE) was determined non-destructively, in accordance with the ABNT NBR 7190/97 standard, on a Contenco UMC 300 universal testing machine. Non-destructive wave propagation tests were carried out using the transverse vibration method on adapted equipment, and the data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Analyzer (FFT Analyzer) software from FAKOPP® Enterprise. To evaluate the deterioration capacity of wood, the fungus Postia placenta (which causes brown rot) was used following the ASTM D-2017 (1994) standard over 16 weeks of exposure. Acetylation treatment with the highest WPG reduced the swelling of the wood in different directions (volumetric, tangential and radial), reduced the equilibrium moisture content and the saturation point of the fibers for the two species studied. The apparent density decreased in the 1-hour treatments and increased in the 2-hour treatments, for the two species studied. For pine, acetylation resulted in an increase in density, while for marupá, there was a reduction in average density in all treatments. The resonance frequency increased in the one hour treatments at 100 ºC for both species, decreasing or showing no significant difference in the other treatments. Additionally, acetylation resulted in a reduction in logarithmic decrement (LD) for wood from both species in all treatments. The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd) and static modulus of elasticity (MOE) increased for most pine treatments, while they decreased for marupá wood. UV in both species. In acetylation treatments, there was a corresponding increase in the contact angle. Colorimetric analyzes revealed that treatments at 100 ºC and 120 ºC for 2 hours preserved the color of the wood, even after 42 and 120 hours of UV exposure. This highlights the effectiveness of these acetylation treatments in resisting photodegradation of pine and marupá wood, highlighting their potential for applications in external environments subject to prolonged exposure to UV radiation. A significant loss of mass was observed even after acetylation of pine wood, reaching up to 58%, possibly due to the fungus' preference for conifers. However, treatments with greater weight gains (WPG) have demonstrated efficacy in reducing mass loss. For marupá, acetylation treatments proved to be effective in reducing degradation, with a reduction of up to 88.41% in mass loss for wood treated for 2 hours at 120 °C with drying with P2O5, compared to untreated sample (control).

10
  • AÉCIO DANTAS DE SOUSA JÚNIOR
  • Wood Variability of Eucalyptus Spp. Cultivated in the Neotropical Region

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • ELIAS COSTA DE SOUZA
  • THIAGO DE PAULA PROTÁSIO
  • Data: 27-oct-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • One third of the world's population directly relies on natural resources as their primary source of energy. Access to energy is considered a contributing factor to poverty reduction and essential for driving the economies of developing countries. The dependence on natural resources for energy production is highly demanded by populations living in semi-arid regions of the planet. Semi-arid regions commonly share the characteristic of being highly vulnerable to desertification, reduction of biomass, and depletion of native forest resources due to unregulated exploitation. In order to meet the energy demand in these areas, the implementation of energy plantations and knowledge about the development of exotic tree species adapted to climatic conditions in semi-arid regions are necessary from a technical, financial, and sustainable standpoint. In this scenario, the use of Eucalyptus becomes a viable option due to its energetic potential and superior growth compared to natural forests. This project aims to investigate the relationship between the physical, chemical, and energetic composition of wood from five Eucalyptus clones, cultivated in a neotropical semi-arid region under different planting densities, and the impacts on the energy performance of wood and charcoal. To obtain data, analyses of a physical, chemical, and energetic nature were conducted, including density, elemental chemical analysis, calorific value, FTIR, and TGA. Preliminary analyses indicate that all introduced genetic materials in the semi-arid region developed uniformly, although the energy availability for clones A1 and C3 is inversely proportional when comparing wood and charcoal material. The total lignin content directly influences the higher heating value of the wood from the evaluated clones, although this relationship is not valid for the density and moisture variables. As the data analysis progresses, we will be able to identify the most significant correlations between the studied variables and which of the evaluated clones possesses better characteristics for its use as an energy source in the neotropical semi-arid region.

11
  • CARLOS HENRIQUE ROCHA GONÇALVES
  • .

  • Líder : ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • ERIKA DA SILVA FERREIRA
  • FABRÍCIO GOMES GONÇALVES
  • YONNY MARTINEZ LOPEZ
  • Data: 28-nov-2023


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

2022
Disertaciones
1
  • CAROLINA SOUZA LEITE DE JESUS
  • RISK OF FIRE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE EVENTS IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • HENDERSON SILVA WANDERLEY
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
  • Data: 28-ene-2022
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Human influence on climate change has increased the occurrence of extreme weather events and made heat waves and droughts more frequent and severe, which leads to an increase in the number of fires, since extreme weather is a factor in causing forest fires. This work aims to propose an ARIMA model to assess the danger of forest fires occurring in the State of Rio de Janeiro in the future, in order to provide information that will serve as a subsidy for the creation of policies aimed at preventing or minimizing the occurrence of fires. forestry . Images from the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) sensor were used from 1985 to 2015 in order to classify it as a degraded area and forest. A set of meteorological variables on a monthly and daily scale for the period from 1980 to 2013 was used to calculate the F index on a monthly scale. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) was used to simulate observed and future F index data. The results show higher NDFI values in areas to the south and southwest of the state, coinciding with the areas with greater predominance of Atlantic Forest. The most degraded regions are in the northeast and north and the year 2000 is the year with the largest area of degraded forest. Through the analysis of the F index for the past, it was possible to observe several peaks, which were associated with the occurrence of extreme events, mainly La Niña. The use of ARIMA modeling allowed us to identify that there was a change from high to very high class regarding the fire hazard of the past and future. In 2030, the minimum value reached 2.98 in May and June. Analyzing the entire future period on a monthly basis, the highest fire hazard values were found in the months of August and September. The index average was slightly lower in the autumn and winter months and higher in the spring and summer months when evaluating the climatic quarter. However, in the analysis of the average for the period of the year, the risk of fire is greater during the rainy season in the state. It becomes extremely important that measures are taken to reduce climate change or new peaks can be added to the prediction, as such changes cause a greater occurrence of extreme events, which in turn cause more fires.

2
  • KELVIN MONSON SERPA
  • Myrtaceae in the Rio Claro watershed - RJ

  • Líder : MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • LUIS FERNANDO TAVARES DE MENEZES
  • MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • Data: 22-feb-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Rio das Pedras watershed, in the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ, is a natural boundary of the landscape with environmental perspectives for its territory, since it represents a pilot region for the implementation of programs to stimulate the conservation and restoration of environmental services in the region. Guandu hydrographic region. Different floristic-structural patterns are expected in its remnants, as well as new biological and ecological processes, associated ecosystem services and changes in the landscape, with changes in environmental variables. The Myrtaceae family has an important participation as a component in the Atlantic Forest, with high density in the remnants and a strong relationship with the fauna, important criteria in the use of the family in the restoration of the biome. The family has been applied in several studies focused on conservation purposes. The present study has two main objectives: (a) to expand the knowledge about the taxonomic diversity of the species of the Myrtaceae family from the occurrence and distribution of individuals, associating the conservation status of the taxa and the distribution in the studied areas: the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ, the areas converging with the Cunhambebe State Park and the Rio das Pedras watershed (Chapter I); and (b) to verify the relationship of environmental variables of the Rio das Pedras hydrographic basin on the geographic distribution of the representatives of the family in its limit (Chapter II). Records were collected through the INCT and JABOT Virtual Herbariums for the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ and botanical collection campaigns in the forest remnants present in its territory, indicating the contribution of the knowledge about the family to the limits of the Cunhambebe State Park and the Rio das Pedras watershed. For locations with records in the basin, geomorphology data (altimetry, slope and orientation slopes), vegetation index (NDVI) and proximity to drainage channels were considered, considering data from remote sensors and vegetation surveys obtained in the field. and in virtual herbaria. The family diversity data indicate 119 records of individuals for the municipality of Rio Claro, RJ, represented by 66 species/morphospecies, 42 determined at the species level, 21 determined at the genus level, and three records identified at the family level. The Myrtaceae found for the municipality of Rio Claro are subordinated to 9 genera, with Myrcia and Eugenia being the most representative of species. The species Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. was the most recorded in the municipality, with 19 occurrences. Three species found, Eugenia disperma Vell., Neomitranthes amblymitra (Burret) Mattos and Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral, are classified under threat grade VU (Vulnerable). Furthermore, 98 records are included in the PEC delimitation, indicating the strong relationship between the protected area and the distribution and level of biodiversity in the region. The study contributed with 30 new species to the list of flora of Cunhambebe. The hydrographic basin presented 50 records of the family in its territory, represented by 8 genera, 17 determined species and 10 morphospecies determined in genus, which followed a close relationship with the vegetation cover, through the high values of NDVI at their points, representing greater plant reflectance and coverage density, and the occurrence of species related to the state of better conservation of forest remnants. There was no direct relationship between the occurrence of the family and the environmental characteristics considered: altitude, slope and proximity to the drainage channels. The results indicate the adaptability to different geomorphological conditions of the species of the family, and its occurrence is related to the state of conservation of the vegetation.

3
  • RAISSA NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS
  • Organic and phosphate fertilization in forest restoration: planting of Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC in pots and the field

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • Data: 24-feb-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The number of native species threatened is a growing threat over the years in Brazil. Tabebuia cassinoides (LAM.) DC. (caixeta), has great economic appeal due to the good workability of its wood, which resulted in the decrease of its population, leading the species to integrate the endangered group. Forest species have different nutritional requirements, so studies involving the determination of adequate doses of organic and mineral fertilizers along with plant responses emerge as an alternative to optimize the recommendation of the amounts of nutrients to be apply. The first chapter of this study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and phosphate fertilization on the growth and development of T. cassinoides seedlings in pot conditions, as well as the effect of treatments on the chemical attributes of the pot substrate. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of organic and phosphate fertilization on the growth and development of T. cassinoides seedlings, in addition to the survival rate under field conditions. Both experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design over a period of 180 days. Vermicompost (AO), organomineral fertilizer (AOM) and three different doses of reactive natural phosphate (NP) (80P, 40P, 160P) were used as fertilizer sources. These sources of fertilization were compared with treatment in which there was no fertilization (T). Linear growth pattern of seedlings in pots and quadratic in field was observed. It was found that AO stimulates greater growth and development of T. cassinoides in pots and in the field. Phosphate treatments benefit the growth of T. cassinoides seedlings only in the field. Phosphorus availability via reactive natural phosphate increases in soils/substrates with lower pH values, mainly benefiting the stem diameter of T. cassinoides seedlings. In addition, organic fertilization reduces the mortality rate in the field and stimulates the production of reproductive material.

4
  • STEPHANY DA SILVA GUILHERME
  • MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE MANGROVES IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO (PERIOD 1985-2020)
  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ARIMATÉA DE CARVALHO XIMENES
  • DANIEL COSTA DE CARVALHO
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • GILSONLEY LOPES DOS SANTOS
  • Data: 24-feb-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The mangrove ecosystem has suffered for years, with several degrading practices that directly impact the species and traditional communities. In the State of Rio de Janeiro, the reduction of mangrove areas is a result of the suppression of vegetation by the urban occupation that the coast faced during its territorial expansion. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the behavior of mangrove area dynamics in the State of Rio de Janeiro, between the years 1985 and 2020. The mangroves of Ilha Grande, Sepetiba and Guanabara Bay were analyzed, in order to demonstrate the variation in the coverage of the largest mangrove remnants of the State.  The analyses were performed using the QGIS 3.18.3 program and images from the MapBiomas Collection 6.0 platform complement referring to the years 1985, 1992, 2011 and 2020, derived from LANDSAT satellites. The generated maps were validated with the help of Google Earth Pro and compared with other mangrove mapping methodologies. According to the study, Rio de Janeiro showed a significant increase, of 3,063 hectares, from 1985 to 2020, whose mangrove area went from 7,543 ha to 10,606 ha in these 35 years. Another result obtained was that the municipalities of Niterói and Quissamã in the first year of monitoring had no mangrove area, in 2020 they had 15.01 ha and 0.41 ha, respectively. The images of the analyzed bays show the evolution of the mangrove vegetation cover in their areas. In view of the above it is possible to conclude that the increase in mangrove cover coincides with the date of creation of the protection areas, proving the importance of conservation units in metropolitan areas for the maintenance of ecosystems, as well as restoration programs of these ecosystems.

5
  • CAROLINA TOSETTO PIMENTEL
  • TECHNOSOIL FORMED BY ORE TAILINGS: RECOVERY STRATEGIES, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOIL QUALITY
  • Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRÉ THOMAZINI
  • TEÓGENES SENNA DE OLIVEIRA
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
  • MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • Data: 28-feb-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • On November 5th 2015, the Fundão dam, in the city of Mariana/MG, ruptured, when 43.7 Mm3 of iron mining tailings were released into the river terraces downstream. When deposited on river terraces, conditions were created for the formation of Technosols, with very particular characteristics, and the need for specific studies for this region in order to mitigate the impacts generated. In the first chapter of this study, the history involving the rupture of tailings dams around the world and in Brazil is presented, as well as the interventions carried out by the foundation responsible for the recovery and collaborators to stabilize the tailings in the area impacted by the Fundão dam failure. The second chapter deals with the chemical characterization and quantitative analysis of soil organic matter fractions in samples collected in December 2020 and January 2021 in 14 areas distributed on the terraces of the Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce rivers, five years after the rupture. There were 13 accidents involving mining tailings containment dams in Brazil, 10 of which in Minas Gerais. It was found that each stretch was affected by the rupture of the Fundão dam in a specific way and the foundation carried out several practices to stabilize the tailings, where in the areas of forest restoration, the lack of maintenance compromised its efficiency. When the owners are involved, there is a higher tendency for better results, as they act as a facilitator. These recomposition actions allowed areas degraded before the rupture to be recovered. By soil chemical analysis, it was identified that most of the area was classified as weakly acidic, and there is a tendency to increase SOM in the affected area, even so this attribute remains deficient in the region. Areas 12 and 13, which were recesses of the river and were filled in, differed from the others in several soil chemical attributes: SOM, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and CTCe. However, the vegetation cover of both areas is different. In the physical fractionation, it was identified that the MOP contents were higher in the areas in relation to the MOAM, but in areas 13 and 14 there was an inversion of this granulometry, which shows that in these places there was an accumulation of finer material, both due to the longer distance of the dam, as well as the higher accumulation of tailings. The C, N and C-labile of the MOAM fraction were more representative in relation to the MOP of the MOS and the contents of both fractions were low, which can be explained by the fact that the area has little input of organic matter.

6
  • MARCOS VINÍCIUS DE CARVALHO MARTINS
  • PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON MINING TAILINGS TECHNOSOLS DEPOSITED ON RIVER TERRACES

  • Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANDRÉ THOMAZINI
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
  • MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • Data: 28-feb-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • With the failure of the Fundão dam in 2015, around 60 million m³ of mining tailings were released over 663 km into the Doce River and its tributaries. Constant studies to diagnose the chemical, physical and geophysical situation of the Technosols developed have been carried out. This work was divided into two chapters and a literature review. The first aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and texture of technogenic sediments in the fluvial plains of the Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce rivers through exploratory statistical analyses. The granulometry shows a tendency towards an increase in the silt and clay contents and a decrease in total sand, with a predominance of medium-silty to medium-sandy classes; the pH is weakly acidic; macronutrients have low contents, being higher on the surface; the MO is low; higher levels of available phosphorus are found at depth, increasing along the study area, as well as micronutrients; the levels of available heavy metals are within legal limits. The second aimed to evaluate the thickness of the layer of these Technosols, using Georadar (GPR). Radargrams were generated, relating the different thicknesses to hypsometric maps of the locations. The textural variation suggests a process of elutriation of the surface layers close to the margins due to the greater ease of transport of the thinner materials; moreover, the sediments are chemically poor. The use of GPR for the identification of tailings thickness showed to be promising, and the variation of this attribute occurs as a function of the layout of the site by the distance and height of the river bed.

7
  • OSMAR DE FREITAS NEVES JUNIOR
  • MACHINING OF THREE CLONES OF Tectona grandis LINN F. FROM DIFFERENT PLANT SPACINGS

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • Data: 14-jun-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The present work will study Tectona grandis genetic materials produced by cloning techniques and implanted under adequate spacing, testing the hypothesis that this raw material produces better quality wood for machining operations. The general objective is to evaluate the wood potential of three Tectona grandis Linn F. clones under two spacing conditions, through machining tests, aiming to indicate their suitable uses in the timber segment. The specific objective of the study aims to determine the yield in lumber, besides evaluating some defects of artificial drying; verify the behavior of wood in machining operations for planing, sanding, drilling for dowels and hinges, lateral tearing and nail insertion; determine some physical and anatomical properties of wood; and to analyze the existing associations between the quality of the machined wood and its physical and anatomical properties, considering the different genetic materials and spacing.

8
  • LUCIANA LOSS SODRÉ
  • Diagnosis of the Myrtaceae family in herbarium collections for the southern mesoregion of Rio de Janeiro 

  • Líder : MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • MARLI PIRES MORIM
  • AUGUSTO GIARETTA DE OLIVEIRA
  • Data: 08-jul-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • In the Atlantic Forest Domain, the Myrtaceae family stands out for its representativeness in the arboreal component of the vegetation structure and species richness in relation to other families, in addition to being considered a strategic group as a tool for conservation. The state of Rio de Janeiro is home to important Atlantic Forest remnants in the southern mesoregion. Considering the potential of this region for the conservation of biodiversity and the access to the database of the computerized collections through the virtual herbaria, it was possible to generate information about the diagnostic of the Myrtaceae family in the south of the state. The compilation of computerized records of Myrtaceae was made from the speciesLink and JABOT sites. The goals were to survey the records of Myrtaceae specimens and their distribution in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro; build up a list of species with geographic distribution, indication of endangered species and their threat categories and occurrence in conservation units; list the main determiners and collectors; inform the chronology of collections and analyze the distribution of specimens by the herbarium collections. The results found showed a total of 1380 records, 201 species, 10 native and four exotic genera, distributed mainly in the municipalities of Itatiaia, Paraty and Angra dos Reis. Most species, including endangered and endemic species, are in conservation units, with emphasis on the Itatiaia National Park, in the Vale do Paraíba Fluminense. The RB herbarium has the largest computerized and digitized collection of Myrtaceae. The main collectors were researchers from the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro and the two main determiners were Marcos Sobral and Marcelo Souza. The periods with the highest number of records coincide with the year of creation of the Itatiaia National Park and with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. 

9
  • SABRINA MAYER DE ALMEIDA
  • Strategies for improving eucalypt bleached Kraft pulp application

  • Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • Robisnea Adriana Ribeiro
  • Data: 17-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Currently, the forest biorefinery is being considered as a necessary system production aiming a sustainable production, mainly based on the extraction and utilization of the main components of wood. The wood has been considered as the main raw material in a biorefinery industry since many applications, e.g. energy, chemicals and materials are possible considering its use. But there are also opportunities considering the already forest commercial products, such as the commercial bleached pulp, for producing dissolving pulp or nanocelluloses, for instance. The dissolving pulp is a material characterized for high cellulose content (higher than 90%), low hemicellulose and degraded cellulose content, minimum amount inorganic, non-cellulosic organic impurities and adequate viscosity and brightness. This material is used to meet the demands of the food, textile and pharmaceutical industries, and it is mainly produced by the acid sulfite process and Kraft pre-hydrolysis. Alternative processes have been reported such as ionic liquid application and caustic extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, which has a great challenge the selective removal of hemicelluloses, guaranteeing the integrity of cellulose fibers, delivering more opportunities to the pulp mills as well as to the dissolving pulp users. On the other hand, the removed fraction of the initial pulp has not many applications described in the literature, or even in the industrial application. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to evaluate a strategy for converting the commercial Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp minimizing material loss by the generation of the other potential materials. This work used a commercial strategy such as the cold caustic extraction technology and application of the ionic liquid. Therefore, this dissertation was divided in two chapters, being the first addresses to describe the state of the art of the dissolving pulp production and the second evaluates the use of ionic liquid and cold caustic extraction to produce dissolving pulp and nanocellulose.

10
  • JULIA MARTINS DIAS DE OLIVEIRA
  • PRODUCTION, DECOMPOSITION AND CARBON STOCK IN SERAPILHEIRA IN THE MÁRIO XAVIER NATIONAL FOREST, SEROPÉDICA, RIO DE JANEIRO
  • Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • RAFAELLA DE ANGELI CURTO
  • VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: 18-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Conducting a study on litter considering the different forest compositions present in FLONA Mário Xavier, can serve as a basis for knowing the dynamics of production, decomposition and carbon stock in this area, for this compartment. Therefore, the present work aims to quantify the carbon stock, production and decomposition of litter in the Mário Xavier National Forest, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In six layer of arboreal vegetation, with 13 (U.A) distributed by the ACS process. three collectors and 12 litterbags were installed (four per collector). The litter deposited in the collectors was evaluated monthly, and every three months, one litterbag per collector was removed from the area (three per U.A). For the carbon stock 20 (U.A) they were used to carry out the tree forest inventory and litter collection. Monthly and per stratum production values were compared using Student's t test (α = 0.05) for independent samples, and monthly production data were correlated with climatic variables using Pearson's correlation. For the decomposition data, the percentage of remaining material, the decomposition constant (K) and the half-life were calculated. The amount of carbon stored in the total litter and its compartments was obtained for further spatialization using geostatistics and the ordinary kriging interpolator, where then the generated maps were compared. The carbon stock in the litter presents a spatial dependence structure, with an average stock value in the FLONA of 3.38 Mg.ha-1, with higher concentrations in the eucalyptus stratum. The annual litter production is influenced by the seasonality of the climate, with an average annual estimate of 10.44 Mg.ha-1.year and 0.87 Mg.ha-1.month. The decomposition rate was low for all strata, requiring more than one year for the complete decomposition of the remaining material.

11
  • CRISLLARA LILLIANN FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA
  • Planting and production of seedlings of Handroanthus impetiginosus (MART. EX DC.) Mattos produced under the management of containers and substrates for urban afforestation

  • Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • ANGELINE MARTINI
  • ALAN HENRIQUE MARQUES DE ABREU
  • Data: 29-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The volume of the container, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, are among the factors that influence the quality of the seedlings, increasing the chances of their establishment at planting. In the seedling production phase, the objective was to evaluate the biosolid as substrate and the container management in the production of Handroanthus impetiginosus (ipê-roxo) seedlings for urban afforestation purposes. Two substrates were used, biosolid (BIO) from sewage treatment (without fertilization) and a compound formulation (SC) of subsoil soil, manure and sand in a 5:4:1 proportion, which received base fertilization at planting. , and coverage every fifteen days. The handling of containers was carried out in two ways, the first handling (TC) being the seedling production started in a 280 cm³ tube, and after 120 days, the seedlings were transferred to the 3.0 liter citropot (L), where they remained for another 120 days. The second management (C) production started in the 3.0 L citropot, where the seedlings remained for 240 days. At 240 days, all seedlings were transplanted to the 15 L pot, where they remained until 510 days. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial, totaling 4 treatments, with 5 replications of 4 seedlings in each treatment. Collect height and diameter data were collected monthly for the evaluation of the experiment. The relative growth in percentage of the variables H and DC between 90 and 510 days was calculated. The residues were submitted to the test of normality and homogeneity of variances, followed by the data to the F test, where significance was found. At 510 days, the BIO + C management provided 19.7% and 10.7%, greater growth in H and DC in relation to the conventionally adopted management SC+TC, thus achieving a gain in the management of ipê seedlings for urban afforestation. The second stage was the planting of seedlings, carried out on May 12, 2021, on the access road to the buildings of the Institute of Animal Science and the Institute of Technology at UFRRJ, in Seropédica/RJ. The hole were opened in the dimensions of 0.6 m in length, 0.6 m in width and 0.5 m in depth, with a volume of 180 liters. At this stage, the objective is to evaluate the potential for using biosolids as an organic component in the planting hole. The biosolid and the seedlings used were the same as in the previous step. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions, totaling the planting of 20 seedlings. Growth evaluations started at 60 days and were carried out up to 426 days after planting. The seedlings had a period of approximately 200 days to adapt to field conditions, with no growth until that date. At 426 days after planting, there was no effect on the growth and survival of H. impetiginosus seedlings due to the increase in the biosolid dose in the planting hole.

12
  • JÉSSICA DE SIQUEIRA NOBRE

  • Bacterial survival time assessment diazotrophic species of forest species in peat inoculant.

  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EDERSON DA CONCEIÇÃO JESUS
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • Data: 30-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The use of natural resources to recover degraded areas, such as the interaction of microorganisms and plants, is not only an ecological alternative but also an economic one. Bacterial inoculation is one of the most practical ways to transfer rhizobia to the seed, besides reducing production costs by partially or totally eliminating the use of fertilizers, inoculants do not harm the environment. Although peat-based inoculants are produced and consumed on a large scale, the survival time of some bacteria in this medium is not yet known. This study aims to analyze the survival time of 11 strains efficient in biological nitrogen fixation for forest species monthly for approximately eight months. The selected 11 strains for the study will be cultivated and stored in Embrapa Agrobiology laboratories.  The cell numbers of all 16 strains will be quantified monthly.  It is intended with this work to determine the survival time of inoculated strains and the useful life of the inoculants produced and to stimulate further research on efficient strains in biological nitrogen fixation for forest species.

13
  • FÁBIO DE CARVALHO NASSER
  • STUDY OF AREAS SUBJECT TO SEASONAL FLOODING IN CASSITERITE MINING AREAS IN RECOVERY PROCESS

  • Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO
  • Data: 31-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • This work aimed to quantify and map areas affected by seasonal flooding located in deactivated cassiterite mines, apply remote and proximal sensing techniques for soil moisture and temperature measurements, assess whether mining activities have altered soil water dynamics. and if the area presents chemical and physical restrictions to plant development. Remote sensing techniques were used, through temporal analysis of indices such as NDWI and NDMI, in order to verify the dynamics of vegetation recovery, as well as the wetlands. In the Santa Maria and Serra da Onça sites, humidity and temperature sensors were installed in different soil depth profiles. Soils were collected for chemical analysis in order to verify any possible toxic agent from the mining activity. A GPR Soil Penetration Radar scan was also carried out to verify the saturation conditions of the soils. The use of remote sensing to obtain the NDWI and NDMI indexes, throughout the analyzed period, demonstrated that there is an evolution in the forest restoration process. Comparisons between the indices at different dates in the interval of four years, proved to be satisfactory for comparing the evolution of environmental recovery processes. As for the possible toxicity of chemical elements in the soil, in the Potosí sector, area 01 and area 3, the Pb values were above the prevention value, which indicates the possibility of harmful effects on soil and water quality. The ground penetration radar - GPR proved to be efficient in the relationship between predominant substrate and soil saturation in areas impacted by flooding, demonstrating the depth of the water table, as well as pockets of sedimentation arising from mining activity. In the monitoring sites, the areas presented a condition of water saturation in about 70% of the studied period, confirming the inappropriate environment for the adequate development for forest recovery.

14
  • LUAN DA SILVA FIGUEROA
  • ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN AN ATLANTIC FOREST AREA RESTORED AFTER 30 YEARS
  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 05-sep-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • This study carried out in a reforestation área in the Atlantic Forest Biome located in the city of Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Its objectives were to characterize the vegetation, analysis of tree and regenerating community of soil and microorganisms present and their activity, in order to establish adequade criteria for its monitoring and management. For the study the sampling method by plots pf 100 m², allocated in the experimental área, na
    área of preserved secondary forest used as a positive reference, and a degraded área as a negative control. In the survey of floristic composition, 103 individuals were found, distribuited in 33 species, obtaining a Shannon (H’) diversity index of 3,03 and Pielou (J’) of 0,83. There was na influence oh depth on soil chemical analysis, indicating a positive influencer of litter onthe forest floor. For the microbiological variables, there was no significant diference between the treatments for the parameters microbial biomass and basal respiration, however reforestation showed a significant diference by the Tukey testa t 95% compared to the other áreas, for the variable FDA hydrolysis, which measured enzymatic activity between environments.

15
  • CLÁUDIA DOMINGOS TORRES
  • COVID-19 Pandemic and Protected Areas: impacts on Conservation Units and implications for visitation.

  • Líder : JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • CAMILA GONCALVES DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES
  • TERESA CRISTINA MAGRO LINDENKAMP
  • Data: 21-sep-2022
    Ata de defesa assinada:


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Protected areas are a portion of land and/or marine territory managed, through legal means, with the objective of protecting the biodiversity and the natural resources present in these spaces. The evolution of the discussions about Protected Areas has led to a hierarchical organization with different typologies, among which are the Conservation Units - UC. Brazil currently has 18.80% of its territory covered by Conservation Units. In 2020, the pandemic of COVID-19 was presented to the world, generating dramatic consequences in people's lives. There are indications that the pandemic of COVID-19 had implications for the management of UCs. During this period, protected areas in Europe were impacted. Brazilian protected areas were closed for public use for some periods, which did not prevent a record visitation in federal protected areas in the year 2021, when Brazil was still suffering serious consequences of the pandemic. This work was developed with the objective of evaluating the impacts of the pandemic on the management of three Parks and the implications of the pandemic on the visitation of Brazilian Conservation Units. Two questionnaires were applied. One of them was addressed to the management of Serra da Bocaina National Park - PNSB, Serra dos Órgãos National Park - PNSO and Itatiaia National Park - PNI, the other was applied through an online form, using the snowball method, addressed to visitors who were in the protected areas during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, receiving 319 answers. The findings of this study reveal that the pandemic situation has intensified threats and decreased environmental enforcement capacity. The results reveal that the PNSO, PNSB, and PNI were negatively impacted by the pandemic situation. The PNSO and the PNSB showed an increase in the occurrence of cases of conflicts related to the surroundings and a change in the pattern of the amount of visitation. There was a weakening of the PNSO and PNSB due to the reduction of the team dedicated to enforcement actions, adherence to remote work during the pandemic, and the increase in occurrences of environmental crimes in the PNSO and PNSB. The results show a change in the provision of financial resources in the PNSO and a decrease in the research conducted in the PNSO, PNSB and PNI. Despite this, the UCs helped to withstand the pandemic situation, contributing to the well-being and health of visitors and functioning as safe refuges where socialization was possible with reduced risks with emphasis on the Park category. In this study we discuss that a large system of Conservation Units, as is the case of Brazil, which has an area equivalent to about 5 territories of Italy in UCs, should have its potential for promoting human health used to face health crises. Considering that health crises such as that of COVID-19 may occur again in the future, it is necessary to use the lessons left by this moment in the planning and management of these areas so that they can be used strategically. This research supports the need for better implemented UCs so that these areas do not have their protection weakened in the face of new pandemics. 

16
  • RAFAELA BARBOZA PACHECO
  • Effects of tapir’s reintroduction on the restoration of ecological interactions in a biodiversity hotspot
  • Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MAURO GALETTI RODRIGUES
  • LUCAS NAVARRO PAOLUCCI
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • Data: 29-sep-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Currently, one of the most critical problems for biodiversity conservation is defaunation. Fauna species’ loss or population decline has led to the disruption of important ecological interactions for the maintenance of ecosystems. One way to remedy these losses has been the reintroduction of animal species. This conservation strategy is widely used not only for the restoration of animal populations that have become extinct, but also for the restoration of important ecological processes, such as those mediated by animal-plant interactions. The tapir (Tapirus terrestris), an important seed disperser, was absent from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro about 100 years ago. In 2017, the process of reintroduction of this species began in the Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), which uses both forested areas and more open habitats. Here, we evaluated whether tapir reintroduction can restore lost ecological interactions and has the potential to accelerate the regeneration of open areas in a protected area in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, it was (1) estimated the credit of ecological interactions promoted by the tapirs’ reintroduction in the area, (2) investigated the use of open areas and in the process of restoration by these animals and (3) compared the characteristics of seeds dispersed by tapirs with those of seeds dispersed by other important dispersers present in the region (Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyteles arachnoides and Turdus rufiventris). We found 325 species of plants that may have their seeds dispersed by tapirs in the study area, belonging to 37 families and 88 genera. Eight out of nine individuals were recorded using 2 to 71% of REGUA's open areas (mean = 0.16±0.22). Compared with other seed dispersers in the region, the tapir had the greatest variation in the size of the seeds consumed and dispersed the greatest proportion (32.66%) of large seeds (>1.5 cm in diameter; for A. lituratus 13.51%, B. arachnoides 11.88% and T. rufiventris 0.74%). Our results show the potential importance of the species in seed dispersal in the region, especially for open areas undergoing restoration, to which the tapir can carry species characteristic of advanced successional stages, consumed in adjacent forested areas. Future studies should evaluate, in addition to the diet of these animals, their defecation patterns and seedling recruitment in open areas in order to characterize the real contribution of this species to natural regeneration in restored areas of REGUA.

17
  • MARIANA RIBEIRO VIEIRA
  • Use of organic waste containers in the production of seedlings of Libidibia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul.
  • Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MAGALI RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • Data: 25-oct-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Seeking to maintain the mechanical and ergonomic benefits of the tubes, and add the sustainability bias, reducing the use of plastic in the production chain, containers made of biodegradable materials are under development. The present work aimed to evaluate the growth of seminiferous seedlings of pau-ferro produced in containers of organic residues based on cellulose, coconut fiber and malt bagasse compared to seedlings produced in polypropylene container, at increasing doses of fertilization. Alternatively, the method of direct seeding in pots with organic waste containers using a water-retaining polymer was also evaluated. For the seedling production experiment, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with factor 1 being the containers (polypropylene, cellulose pulp, coconut fiber, malt bagasse and malt bagasse plus), and the factor 2 the percentage of recommended chemical fertilization (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Each treatment consisted of five replications of 8 seedlings. From 30 to 120 days, the morphological parameters were evaluated: shoot height (H in cm), stem diameter (DC in mm), height-diameter ratio (H:DC), shoot dry matter mass ( MSPA in g seedling-1), root dry matter mass (MSR in g seedling-1), total dry matter mass (MST in g seedling-1), shoot dry mass per root dry mass ratio (MSPA :MSR) and Dickson's Quality Index (DQI). Concomitantly with the nursery experiment, direct sowing was carried out in pots, using the containers as a support for the seeds. The design used was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with factor 1 being the recipients (cellulose pulp, coconut fiber, malt bagasse and malt bagasse plus), and factor 2 being the presence or absence of incorporated water-retaining polymer. to the substrate. Each treatment consisted of five replications, totaling 40 pots. From 30 to 150 days, the parameters shoot height (H in cm) and neck diameter (DC in mm) were evaluated. By analysis of variance, all variables were significant in the interaction between fertilization and recipient factors. Through regression analysis, it was observed an increase of the same as the higher the fertilization percentage. Seedlings produced in containers of organic waste obtained growth and quality equal and in most variables, superior to seedlings produced in polypropylene container. The seedlings produced in the malt bagasse containers obtained better growth and quality than the other containers, being superior in most parameters, with the exception of H:DC, and fertilization levels, with the exception of 0 and 75%. In general, there was a linear to exponential response to the increase in fertilization in the different recipients for the variables measured, which may allow a reduction in the production time of the seedlings. The direct sowing method in the field, simulated in pots, proved to be an alternative to the conventional seedling production process, regardless of the type of container.

18
  • ROBERTO WALLYSON BARBOSA DE SOUSA MARINHO
  • INSECT-PLANT RELATIONS IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: STATE OF THE ART AND PERCEPTION OF PROFESSIONALS IN URBAN ARBORIZATION. 

  • Líder : JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
  • ALBERT LUIZ SUHETT
  • CARLOS ALBERTO DOS SANTOS SOUZA
  • Data: 03-nov-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Faced with the growing and rapid process of urbanization in recent decades, and the reduction of green areas in urban ecosystems that can somehow alter an entire environmental dynamic, much research has been developed within the scope of global urban ecology. Several studies have reported changes in environmental characteristics due to the urbanization process. These changes directly influence the habitat of the species and can alter the richness, composition and diversity of plants and insects, affecting the functioning of the urban ecosystem. However, it seems that in these studies carried out in urban ecology, little is said specifically about insects in urban ecosystems, except when they play the role of insect pest. From this hypothesis, this work seeks, through a systematic review, to map the world scientific production, identifying the research that has been developed in this area, the trends, the most relevant, emerging, and recurring themes, to compare them. with the empirical practices of professionals in urban afforestation in the country. The SCOPUS, Web of Science and SCIELO databases were used for the systematic review. In total, 53 articles were selected following the criteria determined in the methodology of this review. To assess the perception of professionals in urban forests in Brazil about insects in the cities, questionnaires were applied to 130 professionals interviewed, including biologists, agronomists, forestry engineers, environmental managers, and graduates in agricultural science, who work in different states of Brazil. Most professionals in urban forests in Brazil deal with issues related to insect and plant interactions, especially with species that can threaten the survival of trees. However, the bibliographic survey revealed a very small number of studies carried out in Brazil, which suggests the existence of a gap to be explored in future studies, mainly to help decision makers in the management of plants and insects in urban ecosystems.

Tesis
1
  • OCLIZIO MEDEIROS DAS CHAGAS SILVA
  • RESPONSES OF ATLANTIC FOREST PLANT FERTILIZATION

  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • EVERALDO ZONTA
  • IRAE AMARAL GUERRINI
  • CLÁUDIA POZZI JANTALIA
  • Data: 18-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • In contributing to the recovery of Atlantic Forest forest ecosystems, the technique most often used in restoration projects is the planting of seedlings of native tree species. However, regarding the nutritional requirements of these species, there are still few studies. The objective of this work will be to evaluate the growth of seedlings of native forest species in field and in pots under doses of mineral fertilizers and sewage sludge biosolid. Three experiments will be set up, two in the field and the other in pots. The first experiment will be assembled in Cachoeira de Macacu - RJ, in Red Yellow Latosol, with sandy clay texture. Three tree species will be evaluated, generally used in the formation of stands for forest restoration and four treatments: 5 liters of biosolid per pit; organo-mineral fertilization N-P-K (03-13-06); mineral fertilizer N-P-K (05-27-10), as well as absolute control in a randomized block design, and three blocks, being the sampling unit composed of six plants. The second experiment will be installed and conducted in sandy soil in Seropédica - RJ. The tree species used will be Peltophorum dubium and Guazuma ulmifolia. The design will be randomized blocks, consisting of four treatments: doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 liters of biosolid per pit, and absolute control, in which each sample unit will be composed of six holes. Experiment III will be assembled under 18 liter pot conditions, in an experimental area in the municipality of Seropédica. An endoalic dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol with sandy clay texture will be used. Seven planting fertilization treatments will be tested, as well as control (eight) and six replications, in a completely randomized design using the Dalbergia nigra species. In the three experiments will be evaluated the height, diameter, crown area, root biomass of tree species and also soil characteristics in the region of planting pits.

2
  • AMANDA ARANTES JUNQUEIRA
  • Timber potential of Brazilian native species in commercial plantation

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
  • CAROLINA NOGUEIRA XAVIER
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • Data: 23-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Currently, efforts are being made to contain the irrational exploitation of wood in natural areas. However, most efforts have focused on creating legislation aimed at curbing illegal logging and little effort has been focused on creating sustainable alternatives to meet the demand for wood from native species. Within this context, the silviculture of native species arises, which has the potential to produce native wood in a sustainable way and has as its main challenge the lack of information regarding the species and the behavior of these species in planting. Aiming to provide information about native species, the general objective of the work was to understand the behavior of young trees, under planting conditions. For this, dendrometric characteristics, physical properties and the behavior of the species in machining and sanding operations were evaluated. The species were evaluated in two distinct groups, the first group was composed of species with 50 months and planted in 2x4 spacing (Zeyheria tuberculosa - "ipê-felpudo", Cariniana legalis - "jequitibá-rosa" and Cordia trichotoma - "louro-pardo" ”), while the second group with species of 80 months and planted in 2x2 spacing (Astronium graveolens – “aroeira”, Anadenanthera peregrina – “angico-curtidor”, Parapiptadenia pterosperma – “angicovermelho”, Handroanthus serratifolius – “ipê-ovo” -de-macuco” and Dalbergia nigra – “jacarandá-caviúna”). All species of both groups showed good log quality and satisfactory sawnwood yield. For the first group, the jequitibá-rosa presented the highest apparent density and the ipê-felpudo presented the best results in the machining and sanding tests. For the second group, the species that presented the highest density was the ipê-ovo-de-macuco and the highest stabilities were reported for aroeira, angico-curtidor and jacarandá-caviúna, while for sanding and machining, the species with the best results was the angico-curtidor.

3
  • AUGUSTO CÉSAR GOMES NAGY
  • Aspects of forest management and the ecological footprint of ayahuasca in the Region of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.

  • Líder : ACACIO GERALDO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE QUINET
  • MARCO ANTONIO AMARO
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • Data: 23-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Ayahuasca is a psychoactive tea used religiously, this tea is produced by cooking the beaten stem of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (Griseb. in Mart.) C. V. Morton and leaves of the Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavón bush, heated with firewood. Sustainable management of forest products is one that respects the capacity of the ecosystem and conserving biodiversity. The religious use of this tea was prohibited and authorized in the 1980s, in Brazil, forest management was required in 1965, regulating it in 94 and 99 with the definition of principles and technical criteria for management, with the determination of bioproductivity, demands consumption and yield per product (vine and leaf). The regulation of religious use, in 2010, determined that user institutions must present a planting plan for self-sufficiency. The lack of scientific references for the production of ayahuasca can be seen in the prototyped processes, in terms of bioproductivity and pest and disease control practices. In the region of Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, there are three main methods of preparing tea, the first cooks up to 10 times the plants in water, the second cooks up to 3 times with a wood stove, and the third differs from the second by using a industrial boiler, instead of the wood stove in a common pot. A borer and P. viridis were found in the region, causing terminal dryness of infected branches. In order to contribute to the conservation of forest resources used for the production of ayahuasca, with the generation of bioproductivity indices, with the evaluation of production methods and good practices to control the dry twig borer of P. viridis, this study is focuses on the main demands for information evidenced for the sustainable management of the resources used for the production of ayahuasca. Chapter 1 presents the compendium on good management practices for P. viridis, B. caapi and firewood used for the production of ayahuasca. ) and technical documents. Chapter 2 presents the ecological footprint of ayahuasca in the Cruzeiro do Sul Region, Acre, which calculates the bioproductivities of B. caapi, P. viridis and firewood production systems, originating from native and planted forests, establishing the relationships between the amount spent on each product and their respective bioproductivities, presenting the areas (hectares) of forests necessary for the production of vines, leaves and firewood to produce one liter of ayahuasca and one kilogram of the main active ingredients (dimethyltryptamine, harmala, harmaline and tetrahydroharmaline. Chapter 3 presents a literature review of the main methods or techniques for characterization and quantification of the main active ingredients, namely N,n-dimethyltryptamine, harmala, harmaline and tetrahydroharmaline. Chapter 4 presents the registration and characterization of occurrence of Xylosandrus compactus (Eicchof) in P. viridis, the charona dry twig borer, presenting the list of species with record of occurrence of this insect and management practices for control or combat.

     

     

4
  • RAQUEL DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS
  • SOLUTIONS FOR THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO BASED ON CLIMATE DATA AND ORBITAL PRODUCTS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • DOUGLAS DA SILVA LINDEMANN
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • Data: 26-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Atlantic Forest Biome is an important area for the protection of nature's biodiversity, being foreseen in the Atlantic Forest law as a world heritage of nature, as they serve as a stronghold for a variety of endemic species from different forest domains. Forest fires and climate change can compromise the maintenance of this area, putting ecosystem services at risk. Due to the importance of the Atlantic Forest and the negative impacts caused by forest fires, the present study aimed to carry out the modeling of forest fires in the Atlantic Forest Biome to assist in the monitoring and management of forest remnants. Meteorological and biophysical variables from 2001 to 2020 were used to model the past, present and future of vegetation in the State of Rio de Janeiro for different land use and land cover categories. For vegetation modeling, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model was used, applied to the Normalized Multiband Drought Index (NMDI) series of the observed (2001–2020) and future (2020–2040) time series. Spatial modeling of the Enhanced Vegetation Index ERJ series was performed during the periods of (2001–2020) and future (2021–2040) using the ARIMA model. Data from hotspots and EVI data were used to obtain the VC degradation index and the use of the innovative approach to monitoring the pasture. Past and future rainfall and mean air temperature data were also used in different scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585). The results indicate an increase in hotspots and an increase in the dry season during the period from 2021 to 2040. The trend analysis indicates a decrease in vegetation in the present and this is expected to intensify in the future (2020 to 2040). The future projection data indicate that the drought in the pasture area should intensify with the increase in temperature and reduction of rainfall. The Atlantic Forest biome is an area of extreme importance for the conservation of world biodiversity. The results found indicate the need to adopt public policies to protect this area from anthropic disturbances and climate change.

5
  • DANIELLE AFFONSO SAMPAIO
  •  

    Use of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. as potential for the production of secondary metabolites, natural adhesives and energy use.

  • Líder : ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANANIAS FRANCISCO DIAS JUNIOR
  • ERIKA DA SILVA FERREIRA
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • Data: 29-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze is a coniferous species from the Atlantic Forest that has economic, cultural and socio-environmental importance. Its seed, the pinhão, is a food of high nutritional value and appreciated since prehistoric times until the present day in Brazilian cuisine. The tegument of pinhão is a residue generated during the use of pinhão in Brazilian cuisine and presents a slow process of decomposition. However, the tegument of pinhão presents potential in the production of activated carbon; presents high concentration of condensed tannin and high antioxidant capacity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using residues from Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze seeds, aiming at their potential for the production of secondary metabolites, natural adhesives and their use as an energy source. The seeds were obtained from plantations located in the Passa Quatro National Forest, located in the municipality of Passa Quatro - MG. The seeds were transported to the Wood Technology Laboratory of the Department of Forest Products (IF-UFRRJ) and peeled in order to separate the seed coat from the almonds. Seed residues were stored in an acclimatized room at 25ºC. Then, the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant capacity were performed. The material was also extracted with sodium sulfite to obtain tannins, which were evaluated for application in the form of adhesives on plywood. Seed residues were evaluated for energy characterization (thermogravimetric analysis, immediate chemical analysis of charcoal and higher calorific value). This work presents itself, therefore, as an alternative for the use of forest residues, enabling the reduction of environmental pollution and adding value to the raw material.

6
  • CAMILA SANTOS DA SILVA
  • Association of Bertholletia excelsa fruit production with soil attributes in two native Brazil nut stands in the Western Amazon
  • Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • DEIVID LOPES MACHADO
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • Data: 30-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Brazil nut is one of the main extractive products of the Amazon. Its seeds have great economic value, being sources of income for extractive families. The availability of nutrients is a determining factor for the production of its fruits. The study of the spatial variability of soil attributes, through geostatistics, can help to understand the distribution of these variables, in addition to contributing to the management of this species. In addition, the application of multivariate statistics and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) make it possible to understand how soil attributes are correlated with fruit production and development. There are two native chestnut groves in the state of Acre, Cachoeira and Filipinas, about 30 km apart, with very different fruit production. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between plant occurrence, fruit production and the spatial variability of soil properties in different soil classes, and to investigate associations between fruit production and species development with the attributes of soil in two Brazil nut groves in the Western Amazon. The study was carried out in two plots in the two native chestnut groves. In each plot, soil profiles were identified, and 60 soil samples were collected. Chemical attributes, texture, soil and particle density and total porosity were determined. The average fruit production was calculated from the fruit count in a sample of Brazil nut trees. Subsequently, the trees were divided into three production classes: low (≤1.5 can), medium (1.6 to 3.9 cans) and high (≥4.0 cans). Geostatistics was performed to evaluate the spatial variability of soil attributes, factor analysis (FA) to associate vegetation variables with soil attributes, while Cluster analysis verified the similarity between soil properties and fruit production and DBH. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were adjusted to verify if the soil attributes explained the classes of fruit production. The highest occurrence of chestnut trees with high fruit production (≥4.0 cans) was found in the Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico argissólico e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico típico soil classes, in the latter being also observed chestnut trees with the lowest yields (≤1.5 can). In one of the parcels of the Filipinas (FP02) a greater number of properties with high spatial variability was verified in relation to the other areas. In Cachoeira, chestnut with the highest production, sand was positively associated with fruit production and DBH in FA and Cluster. In the Filipinas, chestnut with lower production, clay was correlated with fruit production in FA, while in the Cluster analysis, production was grouped with the clay and Cu variables. For the ANNs, a low percentage of correct answers was verified in Cachoeira, while in the Filipinas, there was a correct classification of fruit production classes through soil attributes, demonstrating that there is a difference in soil properties between production classes. In general, soil physical attributes were limiting factors for fruit production and/or greater occurrence of trees. In the Filipinas, low fruit production and greater spatial variability of soil attributes were observed in relation to Cachoeira. In general, higher production values were observed in soils with fair texture. In the Filipinas chestnut, the soil attributes were able to correctly classify the classes of fruit production.

7
  • THAYANNE CAROLINE CASTOR NETO
  • Sensitivity of Terminalia catappa L. tree developed in an urban environment under intensive steel industry activity

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • JAIR FIGUEIREDO DO CARMO
  • JOSÉ LUIS PENETRA CERVEIRA LOUSADA
  • CLAUDIA FONTANA
  • JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
  • Data: 30-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Trees can efficiently intercept and accumulate elements that are suspended in the air and/or deposited on the ground through their structures. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth of trees of the species T. catappa developed in an urban environment of intense steelmaking activity and to determine the concentrations of metals accumulated in their wood, in the different periods of growth and in their bark. At least two wood samples were obtained from each tree with the aid of an increment auger, in the barkmedulla direction, through an incision in the trunk at a height of 1.30 m in relation to the ground. The elements Al, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dendrochronological analysis of T. catappa indicated sensitivity to precipitation and temperature in an area most exposed to pollution since there were differences in growth. After chemical analysis, it was identified that arsenic and lead were the elements with the highest concentrations in wood and bark, respectively. Therefore, the possibility of analyzing the growth rings of the species T. catappa contributes to the realization of future dendrochronological studies, at different regional scales. In addition, the results of element concentrations are important for inferring past and current levels of air pollution.

8
  • MAILSON PEREIRA DE SOUZA
  • Direct seeding and topsoil transposition in the revegetation of areas degraded by oil exploration in the Caatinga

     
  • Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • IVONETE ALVES BAKKE
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • JULIANA MULLER FREIRE
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • Data: 31-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • In the last decades, the extraction of piçarra (subsoil material composed of silt, sand and gravel) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte has occurred in numerous deposits to serve the construction of access roads and foundations for the installation of structures used for the onshore oil and gas exploration and production. Areas where the piçarra was extracted or used have a low capacity to self-recover after the decommissioning of the exploration structures, demanding human interventions to help the ecosystem recover its resilience capacity. Some revegetation strategies in these areas, evaluated in previous studies, showed that it is possible to succeed in the functional restoration of these environments. The thesis was divided into three chapters and its general objective is to evaluate the efficiency of techniques for applying topsoil, planting seedlings and direct seeding for the revegetation of degraded areas. The first chapter aimed to compare the establishment of 15 native tree species planted in areas that received or not topsoil in the total area and mulching of carnauba bagana (residue from the extraction of wax from the leaves of Copernicia prunifera) in the crown of planted seedlings. The results showed that topsoil was efficient in promoting the ground cover with herbaceous vegetation, while the planting of seedlings, with the protection of mulchig, was efficient in promoting the establishment of tree species in the area. Of the 15 species evaluated, the species Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Piptadenia retusa, Erythrina velutina, Cenostigma bracteosum, Jatropha molissima and Tabebuia aurea stood out for their high survival and growth, indicating potential to be used in the revegetation of areas degraded by extraction. of piçarra. The second chapter evaluated the diversity and density of propagules from the soil seed bank in areas adjacent to four degraded areas in the biome. In the total of samples evaluated, 91 species from 29 botanical families were identified. The highest propagule densities and species richness were associated with samples collected during the rainy season in areas with vegetation with a lower degree of conservation. The seed bank in the soil of the studied areas was composed predominantly by species of herbaceous habit. It was concluded that the seed bank from areas with native vegetation close to areas degraded by oil and gas exploration and production activities in the Caatinga has the potential to be used in the revegetation process, especially through nucleation techniques that demand low volume of water. ground. The third chapter evaluated the efficiency of direct seeding of eight tree species from the Caatinga in an area degraded by piçarra extraction, as a function of breaking dormancy and the use of hydrogel in seeding cradles. The application of hydrogel in the planting cradle did not affect the germination or emergence speed of the evaluated species. However, dormancy breaking treatment positively influenced the germination rate and emergence speed of the species M. caesalpiniifolia, Libidibia ferrea, E. contortisiliquum. In general, the species that showed the greatest potential for use in direct seeding for revegetation of degraded areas under the conditions studied were E. contortisiliquum, Piptadenia moniliformis, L. ferrea, M. caesalpiniifolia and M. tenuiflora.

9
  • FÁBIO HENRIQUE DELLA JUSTINA DO CARMO
  • Radial growth and technological properties of Tectona grandis Linn f. against climatic variations and the occurrence of El Niño event in the Amazon.

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • CAROLINA NOGUEIRA XAVIER
  • GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
  • Data: 31-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The conditions of the environment where the plants are located affect their growth. During the plant development, resources assimilation allows the plant to invest in growth, reproduction, protection, etc. For some tree species, this information is documented in the growth rings, which represent a relative measure of their annual growth and may infer about the operation of the tree for the next periods. From this information documented in the growth rings it is possible to study the responses/strategies of plants in an environment driven by climate change. Climate change have a direct relationship with the occurrence of extreme weather events, such as El Niño, responsible for increasing temperature and reducing precipitation in various parts of the
    world, including the Amazon region. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of climate and the occurrence of El Niño event (2015/2016) on the growth and technological properties of the wood of Tectona grandis Linn f.. We used 60 young trees, aged 12 years, from a plantation located in the southeast region of the state of Pará. The trees were sampled by destructive technique, removing discs at different heights of the stem (base, 1.0, 4.1, 7.2 and 10.3 meters). The discs from the base were used to measure the tree-ring width and to evaluate the wood anatomy. Also, the apparent density per ring, was analyzed using the discs from the base and other heights. Allied to the study of growth rings, remote sensing tools were used to contribute to the understanding of tree responses to climate. We used images from the MODIS sensor to obtain the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and from landsat-8 satellite to obtain the CO2 flux. The NDVI was used to extract phenological metrics of Start, Peak, End and Length of the growing season, considering the amplitude of its values, for each growth period, to define each of these metrics. To assess the influence of the El Niño event, we considered the pre-El Niño (2012 and 2013), El Niño (2014 and 2015) and post-El Niño (2016 and 2017) periods. Both GPP and CO2 flux were used to better understand the tree's responses regarding biomass accumulation during the El Niño event. The study showed that radial growth, length of growth season, size of vessel elements and wood density were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature, especially in the initial months of growth season. The El Niño event negatively affected the radial growth, the vessel element size and biomass accumulation. In addition, it was observed that the length of the previous growth season negatively affected the current radial growth. Thus, our study demonstrated the acclimatization of the species to the climate and that, in addition to directly affecting productivity, the climate can also affect the growth of the next season.

10
  • POLIANE PEREIRA DE SOUZA
  • EVALUATION OF THE COLLAPSE OCCURRENCE IN WOOD DRYING

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
  • EDVA OLIVEIRA BRITO
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
  • JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
  • Data: 31-ago-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Drying the wood is an important step for its use in several purposes, when well conducted, guarantees a high quality final product. However, drying is characterized as a delicate process for some species. Defects from drying stresses may occur, reducing the quality and value of this wood. The collapse is one of the major defects and it occurs predominantly at the beginning of this process. The study of this defect is justified, considering the wide occurrence, the need to delve into the causes of its occurrence and the possibility of using methods to predict regions with predisposition to collapse. For this work five species will be evaluated, one of them with known predisposition to this defect. The work is divided into chapters for a more detailed exploration of the theme. The first chapter aims to use near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a tool to predict collapse in wood, in this chapter five species will be studied. The second chapter will be performed with the species Eucalyptus pellita correlating the ultrastructural mechanical resistance of the cell parade and the occurrence of collapse in the same, by nanoindentation analysis. The third chapter proposes the accomplishment of the collapse model for Eucalyptus pellita, as well as, to obtain the drying curve of the wood, to estimate the loss of area by collapse and the critical point of deformation for each position sampled.

11
  • FRANCISCO ANTONIO LOPES LAUDARES
  • EFFECTS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT ON THE ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND EXOTIC WOOD
  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MARCELO AZEVEDO NEVES
  • RENATA NUNES OLIVEIRA
  • DJEISON CESAR BATISTA
  • JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
  • Data: 27-oct-2022


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • the objective of this research was to determine the physical, mechanical and acoustic characteristics of two native and exotic wood species, Cordia goeldiana Huber. (True Freijó) and Simarouba loved Aubl. (Marupá), before and after undergoing processes of physical-chemical alterations. In these treatment processes, thermal actions were used at low temperatures (<200°C) in previously dimensioned, cut and acclimatized specimens. For the treatments, an autoclave was used at a temperature of 120°C and a pressure of 1.2 kgf.cm2, in humid treatments with water vapor, and an electric vacuum oven at temperatures of 120°, 150° and 180°C, in the case of dry treatments. Before the autoclave treatment, part of the marupá and freijó woods were soaked in water and then steamed. After the treatments, their effects on hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, specific dynamic modulus (Edin/ρ), logarithmic decrement (LD), acoustic conversion efficiency (ECA) and speed of sound were evaluated (vsom). In order to evaluate the behavior of these quantities, non-destructive mechanical vibration tests were used, using the impulse excitation technique. After vibrational tests, the samples were tested in bending, using the universal testing machine, and creep, to know the elastic and plastic properties, as well as strength and stiffness. A colorimetric analysis was performed on the heat treated samples and compared with the control samples. The CIE color system was used to classify the samples. The FTIR-ATR technique allowed to distinguish the functional groups of the wood samples, before and after the treatments, and thus to qualitatively evaluate the modification caused by the treatments. After the treatments, the physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of the samples were evaluated and their responses to the treatments were verified. Physical properties: apparent densities, as well as equilibrium moisture contents, of marupá and freijó woods were reduced for all treatments; volumetric swelling measurements were performed, the lowest being that of steamed and immersed freijó wood treated at 180°C; The anisotropy coefficient was lower for steamed and immersed freijó wood treated at 120°C. Mechanical properties: The specific dynamic modulus was increased for both species depending on the treatment, with the best results being for freijó wood; Acoustic properties: The transverse and longitudinal frequencies for both species increased depending on the treatment; The transversal and longitudinal logarithmic decrement were reduced for both species depending on the treatment, with the best results for freijó wood; The transverse and longitudinal acoustic conversion efficiency (ECA) had significant increases for both species; Transverse and longitudinal speed of sound increased for both species. Qualitative chemical evaluation: The FTIR contributed to the understanding of the chemical modification of wood in relation to heat treatments. In general, the heat treatments had positive effects in modifying the characteristics of marupá and freijó wood, but the freijó response to the treatments was better.

2021
Disertaciones
1
  • FAGNER PINHEIRO DA CONCEIÇÃO
  •  

    Thermal Modification and its Effects on the Physical, Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, Khaya ivorensis and Corymbia citriodora.

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • DJEISON CESAR BATISTA
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • Data: 26-feb-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Thermal modification can be used to alter and improve some of the properties of the wood, only with the use of heat. With this, the objective of this work was to verify the effects caused by thermal modification on the physical, chemical and Janka hardness in the species Corymbia citriodora, Pinus caribaea var. caribaea and Khaya ivorensis. Therefore, the material was heat treated at temperatures of 160 °, 180 ° and 200 ° C. After heat treatment, the physical properties of wood density, equilibrium moisture content, water absorption rate and shrinkage were evaluated by ABNT Standard 7190/97. Janka hardness was the only mechanical property analyzed. The extractive content of treated and untreated wood was determined and evaluated by Spectroscopy in the range of Fourier Transform Infrared - FTIR, in Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 100 equipment in ATR mode. To quantify the crystallinity of the cellulose, the samples were analyzed using X-Ray Diffractometer - DRX with Bruker-AXS D8 Advance Eco equipment. The results show that the woods are affected differently in terms of the physical properties studied. The apparent density changes at a higher temperature equal to 180 ° C and the equilibrium moisture content above or equal to 160 ° C. The absorption rate was only affected by the heat treatment in hardwoods. The wood retractions of Pinus caribeae and Khaya ivorensis, differed in treatments with 180 °, and C. citriodora at 160 ° C. Visible cracks were noted in the C. citriodora wood, especially in samples cut tangentially. Wood hardness improved at 160 ° C, less for C. citriodora due to the effect of cracks. Pine wood had a lower contact angle and greater spread of the sessile drop, with greater angles on the oxidized and heat-treated surfaces, increasing with the increase in the treatment temperature, when dripped from the tangential direction (radial plane), and inversely occurring when dripped in the direction radial (tangential plane). As for the crystallinity of the cellulose, higher percentage values were obtained in the hardwoods at 200 ° C and in the conifer at 160 ° C. Some samples showed degradation and consequent reduction in crystallinity, resulting from the degradation of extracts or small hemicellulosic and cellulosic chains. The species Corymbia citriodora was the most affected by the heat treatment temperature in both planes, radial and tangential.

2
  • FLÁVIA FONSECA VINHAS
  • Evaluation of the young trees wood of three exotic species from mixed plantations.

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • ANANIAS FRANCISCO DIAS JUNIOR
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • Data: 26-feb-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Brazil has great potential in forestry production, for example, it is a country that has natural characteristics such as the conditions for its development as a favorable soil, climatic, the extension of plots suitable for planting, with silvicultural breaks and labor these factors result in rapid forest growth. Given the supply and demand of the timber market, in general, forestry enterprises seek to vary production by expanding their market through the generation of various products, making them more competitive in some way. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the output and the number of defects presented by the wood from the first paring in mixed plantations of three high added value exotic species as Melia azedarach, Khaya ivorenses and Terminalia ivorensis A. Chev.  Through of correlations between anatomical and physical analyzes with the quality of machining indicate nobler uses than its burning as biomass.

3
  • ARIOVALDO MACHADO FONSECA JUNIOR
  • Morphometric characterization of watersheds and edaphic attributes of forest physiognomies in the State Park of Nova Baden, MG
  • Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • DANIEL COSTA DE CARVALHO
  • Data: 16-mar-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • State parks are integral protection units created to protect ecosystems of great environmental relevance. The best management of these Conservation Units can be achieved through the realization of forest management plans. The Forest Management Plan is a technical document through which the zoning and rules that govern the use of the area and the management of natural resources are established, including the implementation of the physical structures necessary for its management. One of the necessary steps for the realization of a correct management plan is the characterization of the physical environment, with emphasis on vegetation, climatic, topographic, geological and pedological conditions. The study of all these factors in an integrated manner can be carried out through the study of hydrographic basins. In the Conservation Units, in spite of all the protection imposed on them, transitional areas between different forest formations can often be verified, these areas being called ecotone, and there are still few studies evaluating changes in soil characteristics in these environments. Based on the above, the research project had as main objectives: a) Physiographic characterization of the Ribeirão do Melo hydrographic sub-basin; b) Evaluate the attributes of soil, litter and vegetation in a transect that includes the areas of forest and eucalyptus stands and the possible ecotone between them, identifying possible changes and c) Generating information that contributes to a better understanding of the processes ecological. As main results it was verified for the micro basins, that the low form factor indicates that the micro basins of the Nova Baden State Park are little susceptible to floods. The microbasins of the Nova Baden State Park have a small area and that of the Troncos Trail, has a higher drainage density, that is, a better response in the precipitation and flow ratio. As for the edaphic attributes, the highest carbon values were quantified in the eucalyptus area, whereas the highest stocks values were verified in the forest and eucalyptus areas, with no differences between them. It is verified that the longtime of implantation of the eucalyptus plantation as well as the process of natural succession, are contributing for the increase of the levels and carbon stocks in the soil. In the eucalyptus area, this pattern may be favored by its location, which contributes to the decomposition of organic matter to occur more slowly, providing this accumulation. There were no major differences in the fertility of the soils in the studied areas, but in the Forest area there was a greater availability of nutrients Ca, Mg and K, in contrast in the Eucalyptus area, the highest values of dynamic PA of the soil attributes were observed. in the ecotone forest-eucalyptus area it is more similar to the forest fragment in comparison to the eucalyptus stand.

4
  • CAROLINE DE MELO ALMEIDA
  • Hydroretentive polymers in the production and planting of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong and Paubrasilia echinata Lam. 

  • Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • DANIEL FONSECA DE CARVALHO
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MAGALI RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • Data: 31-may-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Agriculture is among the largest consumers of fresh water on the planet, much of this due to the inefficient use of water during the irrigation process, with voluminous waste. In forest nurseries, irrigation is performed empirically, leading to significant waste. Hydroretentive polymers, which retain water and gradually release it to the medium, have the potential to reduce the frequency of irrigation, however, there is a lack of further studies with forest species, besides the fact that there are several commercial brands, with different characteristics. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the use of water-retaining polymers in the production and planting of seedlings of two forest species, Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Paubrasilia echinata. The water uptake of three water-retaining polymers: Hydroplan®, Forth® and UPDT® was evaluated, as well as the effect of the electrical conductivity of water with potassium chloride and calcium chloride salts on their uptake, and the influence of the polymers on the physical properties of the substrate. For seedling production, an entirely randomized design was adopted with three doses of the hydroretentive polymer Hydroplan® (2, 4 and 6 g L-1) added to the commercial substrate MecPlant®, plus a treatment without the presence of the polymer, in 280 cm³ tubes. To quantify water consumption, a low cost semi-automated drip irrigation system was used. These seedlings were planted in pots simulating field conditions and survival was evaluated in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with factor 1 being the seedlings produced in the nursery and factor 2 the application of polymers at planting (0; 1,5; 3 and 6 g cova-1) in an entirely randomized design. The polyacrylamide polymers, Hydroplan® and Forth® had higher water absorption capacity between 349 and 374 g of water per g of product, than the vegetable based polymer (78 g). A significant reduction in water absorption was observed as a function of increasing electrical conductivity of the water. Even at a lower conductivity, of 1.0 dS m-1, the reduction was approximately 50% of the water uptake capacity, with calcium chloride salt being more harmful than potassium chloride salt. No changes occurred in the physical properties of the substrate with the addition of the hydroretentive polymer. Considering the morphological variables, in general, Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings had similar growth and quality among treatments. For Paubrasilia echinata seedlings a negative effect was observed for some variables with higher polymer doses, but with no difference in quality. Due to the absorption capacity and gradual release of water from the hydroretentive polymer, the reduction was 51,6% and 42,9% of water consumption for Enterolobium contortisiliquum and Paubrasilia echinata, respectively, in the treatment of 6 g L-1 compared to the treatment without polymer addition. There was increased survival of seedlings produced with increasing doses of hydroretentive polymer in pots, even at lower doses, an average of 59 versus 41 days.

5
  • VITOR CEZAR ZONZINI BORIN
  • EVALUATION OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND PUBLIC RURAL EXTENSION IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION

  • Líder : JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ATHILA LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • MARCELO DUNCAN ALENCAR GUIMARAES
  • TOMAZ RIBEIRO LANZA
  • Data: 04-jun-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Throughout history, the environment has suffered immense pressure as a result of disordered population and territorial growth, converting natural environments into areas with some degree of environmental impact. Thus, environmental degradation has become one of the main problems to be faced. Not unlike the world, the Atlantic Forest Biome was affected and today it is considered one of the most threatened biomes considered a hotspot for conservation, given its high degree of endemisms and threats of extinction. In order to restore native vegetation, the federal government instituted PROVEG, its main implementation instrument is PLANAVEG; one of the plan's initiatives specifically addresses rural extension; the objective of this initiative is to create and implement training and training programs and to expand ATER services to help landowners develop ecological restoration processes. This research aims to carry out the diagnosis of public ATER in the area of ecological restoration in the Atlantic Forest biome, as there are no studies with concrete information about the real conditions of public ATER institutions operating in the Atlantic Forest biome to meet goals and agreements established as in PLANAVEG. The research was carried out on two geographical scales. The first on a large scale, consisted of collecting information from public ATER offices, located throughout the Atlantic Forest biome and national databases such as the Census of Agriculture 2017. The second, smaller scale, involved a case study in São João River Basin / RJ from the survey of information about ATER and perception of residents of rural properties, about the implementation of ecological restoration initiatives in the region. The public land active in the territory of the Atlantic Forest biome has immense potential to contribute to ecological restoration processes, since it has great capillarity and is present in almost all municipalities in the territory of the Atlantic Forest biome, and especially in the last two decades, has been Representative actions in ecological restoration that help in the task of meeting goals as established in the National Policy for the Recovery of Native Vegetation. However, it became evident that for public ATER to perform this function consistently, it is necessary to strengthen institutional policies with the bias of ecological restoration and investment of resources in the sector, which are currently suffering from the fall in investments in the segment; directing resources from projects in ecological restoration and adapting rural properties for public ATER to be an executor is a convenient possibility. It is imperative that public ATER partnerships take place with NGOs, city halls, river basin committees, rural associations and unions to be successful in meeting goals as established in the PNRVN.

6
  • JESSICA GRAMA MESQUITA
  • URBAN TREE PRUNING WOOD WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPACTED RENEWABLE FUELS

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • THIAGO DE PAULA PROTÁSIO
  • CARLOS ROGÉRIO ANDRADE
  • Data: 30-jul-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The use of biomass residues in Brazil has been shown to be a promising alternative for energy generation and impact mitigation. Regarding the reuse of wood residues for energy purposes, those of urban origin stand out, as they are a clean and renewable energy source. However, the use of these residues can be difficult due to the high heterogeneity of these materials and their low energy density. In this context, an alternative use for this biomass would be the production of briquettes. Briquetting makes it possible to obtain solid biofuels with greater energy density, making biomass more attractive and usable for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to characterize urban wood waste (RMOU), as well as to analyze the effect of adding eucalyptus shavings to RMOU and also to evaluate the influence of particle size of these raw materials for the production of briquettes for energy purposes. The RMOU were collected at the cashew transfer station belonging to the Municipal Urban Cleaning Company (COMLURB) in the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and eucalyptus wood shavings obtained from a small sawmill located in the city of Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant differences were presented, regression model adjustments were performed. For non-parametric statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to perform analysis of variance, as these variables did not show normal distribution, even after data transformation. Correlation analyzes were also performed. The results indicate that the RMOU had characteristics that qualify them for energy use. On the other hand, the addition of eucalyptus wood to the RMOU enabled a reduction in the ash content and thermal degradation. Thus, treatment with 50% RMOU and 50% eucalyptus (T3) is the most recommended for energy use. Among the briquettes, the particle size distribution of the raw material had a very similar effect on the compressive strength and density of the product. From a practical and energy point of view, crushing particle sizes below 0.85 mm is probably unnecessary, as if large particles are sieved and used to make briquettes, the milling process can be eliminated and production costs reduced.

7
  • Thalita Paes Barreto Stevens
  • Glued wood-plastic panels with tannin and lignosulfonate as adhesive.

  • Líder : ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • YONNY MARTINEZ LOPEZ
  • Data: 24-ago-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • In manufacturing of a chipboard wood panel, it is possible to incorporate waste and other materials, such as plastic waste. These wastes, especially packaging, are a threat to the environment when disposed improperly, as the vast majority are not biodegradable and become waste in less than a year or after a single use. Thus, panels made of wood and plastic reduce the consumption of natural resources and at the same time reuse plastic waste. In the panel industry, the traditionally used resins are phenolic and ureic resins. These resins are synthetic, from a non-renewable source. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the properties of panels manufactured with wood particles from Eucalyptus sp and plastic residues of the type of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) using natural resins as an adhesive. Eight treatments were performed, 4 compositions of wood:plastic (95%:5%; 85%:15%; 70%:30% and 50%:50%) and two types of adhesives (100% tannin and a mixture of tannin and lignosulphonate in the ratio of 80:20. The panels were produced using 12% of adhesive in relation to the dry mass of the panel at a temperature of XX ºC, and density of 0.70 g/cm3. The panels were evaluated for density, Thickness Swelling (IE), Water Absorption (AA), Perpendicular Tensile Strength (Internal Bonding) and Static Flexural Strength (MOR and MOE) The results showed that the overall mean density for all treatments was 545 kg /m³, demonstrating a loss of mass during the manufacture of the panels, being classified as low density. The addition of plastic in the panels provided a reduction in the values of water absorption, swelling in thickness, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity. of lignosulphonate contributed to greater variability in physical properties and canics studied, regardless of the wood-plastic composition used, with the exception of perpendicular traction. The evaluated panels did not meet the requirements established by the NBR 14810 standard, however, it is worth remembering that the density values were below the planned and minimum to be classified as a medium density panel. This work was a contribution to the production of agglomerated wood panels using waste from the plastic industry, such as low-density polyethylene with ecological and renewable adhesive, obtaining a new material. However, it is necessary to carry out studies to improve the characteristics of the panels.

8
  • HUDSON MOTA LIMA PEREIRA
  • Production of  MDP from wood and sugarcane bagasse using calcitic lignosulfonate and tannin as an adhesive

  • Líder : ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • YONNY MARTINEZ LOPEZ
  • Data: 27-ago-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • This work aimed to evaluate MDP (Medium Density Particleboard) panels made with alternative materials to those used in the industry commercially. The sugarcane bagasse and Eucalyptus sp. wood was used as particles, as well as the tannin and lignosulfonate based adhesives in contrast to the phenol and formaldehyde urea used frequently in the factories. First, the adhesives used to make the panels were developed: Tannin formaldehyde and the mixture Tannin + Lignosulfonate in the proportion of 80:20 respectively, both with a proportion of 50% in solids content. After finishing the preparation of the adhesives, they were tested for pH, gel formation time, viscosity and density. With the adhesives ready and tested, the manufacturing process of the panels began. These were produced with dimensions of 30x30x1.27 cm³ using a pressure of 5 MPa and under 160 degrees celsius of temperature. In the physical tests, the panels were tested for water absorption and thickness swelling, moisture content, gravimetric density and density by X-ray. In the mechanical tests, the panels were tested for elasticity and rupture modulus and perpendicular traction, which tests the internal connection between adhesives-wood. For statistical analysis, software R was used at a 5% significance level and, for disambiguation, the Scott Knott test was used when necessary. For the properties of the adhesives, relevant results were obtained only in viscosity, where the tannin-based adhesive showed higher values (603.78 cP) compared to the Lignosulfonate-based adhesive, which showed lower values, therefore less viscous (487.13 cP). About the density, all treatments obtained similar averages, except treatment 8, which was the only one that diverged on average, having a value of 506.87. For thickness swelling, the means varied from 24.15% to 35.57%, with the treatments that used Lignosulfonate in the adhesive composition being the highest averages. The same effect could be seen in the water absorption test, the panels with Lignosulfonate, as an adhesive component, had the highest averages, for example the T8 with 101.06% average, the highest average and T7 with the lowest average of 78.65%. Evaluating the mechanical tests, the perpendicular traction test obtained a different result for one of the treatments, T1 being the only one that stood out positively from the others, obtaining the best average and being the only one that, statistically, differed from the others. In static flexion, we have two analyzes performed, the rupture module (MOR), which did not obtain significant differences between the means, but with treatments 6, 7 and 3 as the highest means and the elasticity module (MOE) which obtained significant differences between T1 and T2, having the highest averages, T3, T4 and T5, with averages from 832.64 MPa to 913.54 MPa and, finally, T7, T6 and T8, which obtained the lowest averages, with T8 the lowest, with 680.57 MPa, and practically half of the T1 average, which was the highest average. It can be concluded that the panels with adhesives using Lignosulfonate as a component obtained inferior results when compared to those of pure tannin, mainly with regard to tests with humidity and the perpendicular tensile test, as far as the particles are concerned, there is a gradual loss of resistance the more wood is replaced by sugarcane bagasse, which shows that it is possible to be used, but for uses that require greater resistance, this substitution is not advisable.

9
  • LAÍS CÂNDIDO SILVA
  • Biomass modeling in forest restoration planting

  • Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MARCO ANTONIO MONTE
  • VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: 30-ago-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The general objective of this study was to adjust mathematical models of total tree biomass in forest restoration planting, aiming to evaluate the feasibility of including covariates in the adjusted allometric models. The study area was a forest restoration plantation in the municipality of Seropédica (RJ), with data from 111 trees (51 species from the Atlantic Forest). In each tree, the variables total biomass (roots, stem, green and dry branches, leaves), diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DBH), and total height (Ht), and its ecological group was obtained. For modeling, 80% of the trees were used to adjust the models and 20% were used for predictive validation. In the evaluation of conventional models, seven regression models, five linear and two non-linear were evaluated to estimate the total dry biomass of trees. The goodness of fit was evaluated by the adjusted coefficient of determination (R²adj.), standard error of the absolute estimate (Syx), and in percentage (Syx%), graphic analysis of the standardized residuals. To evaluate the mixed-effects modeling, linearized Schumacher-Hall and Spurr models were fitted. The covariates evaluated in these models (in all parameters) were: ecological group, family, species, DAP class, Db class, and Ht/DAP class. The Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate the coefficients of mixed models and Generalized Least Squares for fixed models. The significance of mixed models was assessed by the likelihood ratio test. The goodness of fit of these models was verified by Syx, Bias (b), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error in percentage (MAE), mean square error (MSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and graphic analysis of standardized residues. The results of the traditional models showed that even with significant coefficients, the models showed poor performance in the adjustment, with Syx% above 65%, in addition to R²adj. between 0.60 and 0.75. The Schumacher-Hall, linear and non-linear, and Key 1 models presented the lowest Syx% values and the highest R2adj. Although the nonlinear Schumacher-Hall model generates the equation with lower Syx% (67.52%) and higher R2aj. (0.74), the residuals did not show an approximately normal distribution, discarding this equation adjusted for the conditions of this study. On the other hand, the mixed-effects modeling results showed that the models improved the precision of the equations for the linearized Spurr and Schumacher-Hall model. In general, the species effect stood out positively, in which the simultaneous random effect on β0 and β1 enabled the greatest gains in precision in the Spurr model. The Schumacher-Hall equations with random species factor in β0 and β2 showed increased precision compared to the fixed model, but were less expressive than those of the Spurr model. It is concluded that the mixed modeling proved to be efficient for estimating the total dry biomass, being preferable to the fixed form models, as it presents improvements in the predictive capacity of the equations. The linear Schumacher-Hall mixed model is the most suitable for predicting total biomass in forest restoration plantations.

10
  • NATHALIA DE LIMA COSTA
  • Micropropagation of Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr by means of axillary buds

  • Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • NATANE AMARAL MIRANDA
  • ROGERIO GOMES PEGO
  • EVANIA GALVAO MENDONCA
  • Data: 29-nov-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F.Macbr (garapa) is known for its high timber value and multiple uses, for that it suffered intense logging along the Atlantic Forest. Because it presents difficulties for seminal propagation, micropropagation can be an alternative for the production of seedlings of the species. Thus, the aim of the study was to develop steps for the micropropagation of A. leiocarpa using axillary buds obtained from in vitro germinated seeds. In the first experiment for in vitro multiplication, six concentrations of BAP (0; 2.0; 4.0; 8.0; 12.0 and 16.0 µM) were tested combined with two concentrations of NAA (0 and 0.5 µM) in a completely randomized design in a 6 x 2 factorial. In the second experiment for the multiplication, the gas exchange was tested by the presence and absence of membrane on the bottle caps and four sucrose concentrations (0, 5, 15 and 30 g L-¹) in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 4 factorial. After 30 days of each experiment, variables were measured: number and size of shoot, callus formation and size, number of buds, oxidation of the culture medium, percentage of contamination and visual vigor of the nodal segments. In the third experiment, the in vitro rooting of nodal segments submitted to pulses of 1, 2, 4 and 8 days in culture medium containing 100 µM IBA or NAA was tested. After 60 days, the number and length of roots, callus formation and size and vigor of the nodal segments were evaluated. The addition of BAP provided a greater number of shoots and buds, with the best concentration 8.8 µM, but ANA did not influence the multiplication of nodal segments. The absence of membrane promoted better results compared to the presence of membrane and the different concentrations of sucrose did not influence the multiplication of nodal segments of garapa. The increase in auxin pulse time reduced the callus size and the use of NAA provided a greater number of roots (3.23), and its use is therefore recommended.

     

Tesis
1
  • REGIANE SOUZA VILANOVA
  • Understanding the mechanisms of the Amazon forest to maintain its productivity in the face of anthropic and climate changes
     
  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • HENDERSON SILVA WANDERLEY
  • DOUGLAS DA SILVA LINDEMANN
  • CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: 18-ago-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Amazon rainforests are among the most important and most biodiverse areas on earth. They contribute to ecosystem functions, including regulating water flow and maintaining one of the planet's most important carbon sinks, and provide resources for important economic activities such as timber and non-timber products, fish and other foods. However, tropical deforestation caused by the expansion of agricultural activities and unsustainable logging has caused losses and degradation of this forest However, tropical-equatorial deforestation caused by the expansion of agricultural activities and unsustainable logging has caused losses and degradation of this forest. The lack of inspection and conservation-oriented policies only strengthens this devastating scenario.Studies on evapotranspiration, extreme weather events, carbon and light absorption by the plant have helped in understanding these factors, as well as in the development of impact mitigation strategies. This study investigates the various mechanisms used by forests to remain standing and productive, in the face of human interventions and severe climate change, combining, analyzing and making future projections of different types of agents operating in the Amazon region. The thesis was divided into three chapters, where the first one assessed the health status of the vegetation for the state of Amazonas, there were also positive and negative correlations of this index with other variables such as air temperature, rainfall, soil moisture, foci of fire and surface temperature. Also in this chapter, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) was applied in the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) series for future simulation of vegetation health, which allowed us to verify how the forest will behave in the future, year 2030In the second chapter, remote sensing data were used, as six forest typologies found for the state and meteorological elements from fourteen conventional stations distributed throughout the state of Amazonas, to investigate the processes of vegetation degradation in year of events of the El Niño South Oscillation phenomenon. data coming from the flux tower, which is used to make inferences about vegetation. The ARIMA methodology was applied to fill gaps in gross primary productivity data from a flow tower (K34) in the state of Amazonas.

2
  • CARLOS EDUARDO SILVEIRA DA SILVA
  • Comparison between resistographic analysis with physical properties of the wood of
    Brazilian native species

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
  • CRISTIANE PEDRAZZI
  • DANIEL PIOTTO
  • GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
  • Data: 25-ago-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • There are just few information about the technological aspects of the wood of Brazilian native
    species, which limits their adequate utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
    resistographic amplitudes of the wood of six native tree species in different density classes, and
    correlate them with their wood densities to demonstrate the efficiency of this nondestructive
    technique. The results of the resistographic analysis divided the species into three classes.
    Analyses of basic and bulk densities of their wood found statistically significant differences
    among the evaluated samples that divided them into four classes. The comparison of
    resistographic method and the observed densities showed only a slight difference among the
    density classes they defined. Therefore, it was found in this study that resistographic analysis
    may be used for explaining wood properties while achieving satisfactory correlations with their
    actual values, especially the physical properties of species with high wood density.

3
  • BIANCA CERQUEIRA MARTINS
  • PROSPECTION OF COPAÍBA OLEORRESINE (Copaifera L.) by non-destructive technological analysis
  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • Carlos Roberto Sanquetta
  • DEMÓSTENES FERREIRA DA SILVA
  • GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
  • MARIO TOMAZELLO FILHO
  • Data: 03-dic-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • PROSPECTION OF COPAÍBA OLEORRESINE (Copaifera L.) by non-destructive technological analysis
4
  • ALYSSON CANABRAVA LISBOA
  • Strategies to control weeds in a stand for forest restoration in the northern region of Rio de Janeiro
  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • AROLDO FERREIRA LOPES MACHADO
  • DAVID PESSANHA SIQUEIRA
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • Data: 16-dic-2021


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • This work aimed to evaluate weed control strategies in a stand aimed at forest restoration. The study consisted of 4 treatments plus the control: T1 – Mechanical (crowning and mowing); T2 – Chemical (application of glyphosate-based herbicide in total area); T3 – Mechanical and cultural (weeding in the total area plus the cultivation of herbaceous leguminous plants); Cultural chemical (herbicide application plus the cultivation of herbaceous leguminous plants); Witness (Without anthropic intervention). Five tree species were used: Anadenanthera macrocarpa, Joannesia princeps, Inga vera Paubrasilia echinata and Dictyoloma vandellanum Adr. Juss. (tingu-black). It was found that the chemical control treatment showed the best growth in height and canopy coverage. Mechanical control showed the lowest growth of tree species, being justified by the higher number of interventions due to the rapid growth of Urochloa decumbens. There was no significant difference in this control with the control, that is, showing the impossibility of using this practice. In the cultural mechanical and cultural chemical controls, the tree plants showed growth in height, canopy cover and diameter at ground level, significantly equal to the chemical. At 30 months, mechanical control was the one that most presented the need for intervention and the lowest operating performance. The treatment with the highest cost was weeding in total area and planting herbaceous leguminous plants. This was inflated by labor (low yield) and the high cost of inputs (acquisition of seeds). The treatment of weeding and mowing had the second highest cost of control. The chemical control showed the highest yield and the lowest use of inputs, making the control with the lowest weed control cost. He did not identify residual glyphosate molecules in the soil at the 1st, 10th, 20th and 30th days after application, with no significant difference in shoot and root dry matter of the species used with the Cucumis sativus L bioindicator. herbicide toxicity on seedling leaves. Tree plants developed more in treatments with better weed control, showing that Urochloa decumbens directly influences their physiological growth. Weed control methods directly influence the maintenance costs of forest restoration projects.

2020
Disertaciones
1
  • RAFAEL ELOY DE SOUZA
  • SYNTHESIS OF LIGNIN-PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVE FOR WOOD PANELS

  • Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FERNANDO ALMEIDA SANTOS
  • DALTON LONGUE JÚNIOR
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • LARISSE APARECIDA RIBAS BATALHA
  • Data: 18-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Lignin is a by-product generated on a large scale in the wood pulping process and has currently been used to generate energy in the factory itself. Due to its phenolic structure, it has been studied for several application purposes in different products on the market. An alternative to the use of this lignin has been to use phenolic adhesives for wood. However, due to the low reactivity of eucalyptus kraft lignin with formaldehyde during the adhesive synthesis process, many studies have been carried out to improve this characteristic of lignin and thus obtain an adhesive with properties comparable to the current wood adhesives found on the market. Phenolation has been a promising methodology for increasing the reactivity of lignin. Based on this premise, this work aimed to phenolic eucalyptus kraft lignin for the synthesis and characterization of phenolic adhesives. Six lignin-phenol-formaldehyde adhesives were synthesized using phenolated and non-phenolated lignin in substitution proportions of 30%, 40% and 50% of the phenol, in addition to the control, in which there was no substitution of phenol by lignin. A commercial adhesive treatment was also used in order to compare the results, totaling eight treatments. For each treatment, a compensated panel was made under the same conditions (time, temperature and pressure) and eight specimens were produced to perform the test of resistance of the glue line to shear stress. The phenolation process increased the reactivity of lignin kraft by 14.7%, with an increase in phenolic components in the lignin structure. The use of lignin had effects on the properties of the synthesized adhesives, both for non-phenolated lignin and for phenolated lignin. According to the results found, there was no statistical difference, at the 95% probability level in the Skott-Knott test, among the treatments for the test of resistance of the glue line to shear stress, except for the treatments with 30% substitution by phenolated lignin and not phenolated. Except for these treatments with 30% replacement, all other treatments met the minimum requirements for shear strength specified by the European standard EN 314-2 (1993).

2
  • CAIO FROSSARD DE ANDRADE
  • ATMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY AND ITS CONSEQUENCES IN THE DETERMINATION OF FIRE IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF BRAZIL

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • GUILHERME FERNANDO CAPRISTO SILVA
  • PAULA DEBIASI
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • RICARDO VILAR NEVES
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • Data: 19-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Fire played an important role in the formation and is still important for maintaining the structure and plant composition of different ecosystems. The occurrence of the element is influenced by weather variations that may condition the combustible material. Nowadays, the alteration of the landscapes through the different anthropic activities and man-made climate changes have tampered with the natural occurrence of fire. The use of uncontrolled fire by humans associated with favorable burning conditions has caused social, economic and environmental damage in different parts of the world. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the variations in the occurrence of fire in the Southern Region of Brazil caused by the seasonal characteristics of the years, as well as the environmental variation given by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire products were associated with meteorological elements and vegetation cover data, and carbon emission data provided by the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) were evaluated. The correlation between meteorological elements and fire was obtained by the nonparametric Spearman method. In addition, the Mann Kendall statistical test was performed with the harvested area extensions of three temporary crops over 28 years. Fire in southern Brazil is mainly correlated with a reduction in rainfall and relative humidity in conjunction with rising atmospheric pressure and increasing wind speed. The periods under the cold phase of the phenomenon (La Niña) presented 26% to 114% more fire foci than those under the warm phase (El Niño). La Niñas also had 7% to 77% more burned area than El Niños. Plant coverings most affected by fire were those related to agricultural activity. La Niña events emitted more carbon into the atmosphere than El Niño occasions, with the largest difference observed between La Niña 2007/2008 (1.5097 Tg) and El Niño 2015 (0.6467 Tg). Mann Kendall statistics pointed out that Sugarcane, a highly flammable straw crop, showed a tendency to expand in the state of Paraná between 1990 and 2018. Continued crop expansion can be a fire hazard when combined with favorable burning conditions. Finally, it was possible to observe that the intra and interannual atmospheric variations and the mosaic of different vegetation cover determined the fire regime in the study area during the evaluated period.

3
  • MARIA LUCIA FERREIRA BARBOSA
  • VARIABILITY IN THE FIRE REGIME OF THE BRAZILIAN LEGAL AMAZON DURING THE ENOS PHASES

     
     
     
     
     
  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • GUILHERME FERNANDO CAPRISTO SILVA
  • PAULA DEBIASI
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • RICARDO VILAR NEVES
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • Data: 19-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The Brazilian Legal Amazon is a large territory (5,088,668.25 km²) in which different factors (environmental and social) influence the fire dynamics of the region. The general aim of this study is to understand the effects of the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on the climate and fire regime of the Brazilian legal Amazon. For this, we used data of fire foci and burned area obtained by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensor and meteorological variables from reanalysis. Kernel density was applied to fire foci, Spearman correlation coefficient between the fire foci and other variables (burned area, fire carbon emissions, evapotranspiration, wind speed, relative humidity, rainfall, soil moisture, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and average air temperature) and Mann Kendall test for agricultural crops: soybean, maize and sugarcane. La Niña's years were those with the highest number of fire foci, burned area and carbon emissions. Our results demonstrate that even at periods considered of low fire risk, forests can be vulnerable to fire due to interaction with other variables. In addition, there is a tendency for soybean, corn and sugarcane planted areas to increase, which, without the support of public policies, may lead to more deforested areas in the region. The uncertainty of the behavior of the Legal Amazon in the face of climate change highlights the importance of studies that encompass several factors such as this one.

4
  • JUÇARA GARCIA RIBEIRO
  • Dynamics of spontaneous plants under techniques of management of weed plants in forest restoration

  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • RODOLFO CESAR REAL DE ABREU
  • Data: 20-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The fragmentation of natural ecosystems is one of the main consequences of the anthropic impacts caused by the search of areas for the development of agriculture and livestock, causing significant losses of biodiversity. Within this scenario, one finds the Atlantic Forest, one of the most important biomes for the conservation of the world's biodiversity, due to its richness and high number of endemic species. This makes forest restoration projects imperative to mitigate the losses and fragmentation of habitats. One of the most critical and costly stages of forest restoration projects is the control of weed species, and it is essential to know the presence of the weeds in the area, since they may present tolerance and resistance to herbicides, a high degree of regrowth, habit of growth and life cycle. The dynamics of spontaneous plants encompass processes involving the biology of species such as the life cycle and their interaction processes with cultivated species, through competition for resources such as water, nutrients, space and light, necessary for the growth and development of plants. Studies of weed communities are critical to weed management programs since vegetation is heavily influenced by the cultural practices imposed. In this way, it is fundamental to make the species recognition, in order to promote more appropriate management methods, considering the financial and environmental costs involved. In order to understand the dynamics of weed populations it is important to analyze the phytosociology of the community, the phytosociological indexes allow to know which are the most important spontaneous or weed plants within the weed community, and from them it is possible to define what will be done, as and when, a since infestation conditions are heterogeneous, with different management methods.

     

5
  • LUCAS NUNES LOPES
  • Sewage treatment plant biosolids as planting fertilizer for the growth and nutrition of Atlantic forest species, and their effects on the soil
  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • BRUNO JOSÉ RODRIGUES ALVES
  • Data: 20-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Considering the scenario of degradation and fragmentation of biomes over time, it is necessary to implement measures aimed at the recovery of these ecosystems. For this, one option is the planting of seedlings of tree species, which after consolidating, help in reestablishing the equilibrium conditions. However, the sites available for the formation of these stands usually have low levels of organic matter and nutrients. One possible alternative to meet these needs is the use of biosolids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence on the growth variables of tree species as a function of the base fertilization with the biosolid, its effects on the chemical and physical characteristics of the soil, under field and vessel conditions. In addition, it is intended to analyze the effect of planting fertilization using different sources of P2O5 supplemented with macro and micronutrients, with and without liming, under the influence of all factors mentioned above under vessel conditions. The field experiment was set up in the Guapiçu Ecological Reserve, in the municipality of Cachoeiras de Macacu - RJ, in a randomized block design, using four tree species, with five blocks, four treatments and three replicates of each species by treatment in the blocks. Based on soil chemical analysis and biosolids, 3 liters of biosolid per berth were used as the standard dose, the other doses were half and twice the standard dose. Thus, the treatments consisted of control, 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 liters of biosolids per planting cradle, in soil classified as RED-YELLOW LATOSOLO. Argystic distrophic of sandy loam-clay texture. Using the same soil, collected in the experiment area, 0-100 cm layer, and treatments described previously, another experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in the UFRRJ area, with 8 replicates of each plant per treatment in pots of eighteen liters, for a species. In order to explain the behavior of a species under different phosphorus sources, in soil collected in the city of Queimados - RJ, layer 0-100 cm, based on the amount of P2O5 existing in the standard dose of biosolid, corresponding fertilizations will be carried out with the sources monoammonium phosphate, natural rock phosphate (FNR), NPK 06-30-06 and NPK 06-29-06 (FH eucalyptus). For the collected soil, 06-30-06 and FNR will also be added treatments with liming performed 30 days before transplanting at the dose of 2 t.ha-1. In addition, all mineral fertilization treatments will be complemented, so that the only variable that results is the source of phosphorus.

6
  • RAFAELA MARTINS DA SILVA
  • Use of forest litter to improve the soil quality of agroecosystems

  • Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 27-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The advantages of the presence of forests in agricultural areas are rarely discussed, as is the potential that the forest has to improve the quality of the soil around it. The objective of this study is to evaluate (1) the dynamics of the litter in secondary forest fragments and (2) the effects of the removal of this litter in the fragment and its deposition in intercropped cocoa in an adjacent successional agroforestry system on soil quality and cocoa development. The experiment was carried out at Fazenda Sucupira, located in the municipality of Valença, southeast of the state of Bahia (microregion of the lower-south region of Bahia). Three fragments of secondary forest were selected for the study, in three different regeneration stages. The experimental design adopted was in randomized blocks with three replications (forest fragments). The following treatments will be implemented: (i) control - without litter removal (SRS) and (ii) with litter removal (RS). Each useful plot had an area of 210 m². In each fragment, the stock and the annual litter supply (dry mass and nutrients) were measured and changes in the chemical and biological quality of the soil were monitored. In an adjacent agroforestry area, another experiment was installed in order to assess the effect of deposition of the litter of the cacao crop. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with six replications. The treatments installed: (i) Control - no litter deposition (CT); (ii) with litter deposition in the cacao lines - mature forest (FM); (iii) with litter deposition on the cacao lines - intermediate forest (FI); (iv) with litter deposition in the cacao lines - initial capoeira (CAP). The plots were delimited by the planting lines, containing five plants in the 3m x 3m spacing, which received litter concentrated in the respective crown. Changes in the chemical and biological quality of the soil were monitored, as well as the parameters of height and vigor of the cacao tree. Ten months after the removal of the litter, the accumulated litter stock recovered on average 47.6% when compared to the control, showing depletion of N, the decomposition coefficient (K) was higher for RS. The annual litter production did not change in terms of litter manipulation, however, there was a reduction in leaf levels of N, Fe and Zn. The soil macrofauna was sensitive to litter removal, showing a decrease in the diversity and density of individuals, with imminent recovery over the monitoring period. The chemical and microbiological attributes were shown to be sensitive to litter removal when the successional stages were investigated, with CAP showing a significant reduction in the microbial biomass carbon, total enzymatic activity and the levels of N, Mg2 + and K +. The total enzymatic activity and the microbial biomass carbon of the soil increased significantly due to the deposition of forest biomass, as well as the diversity and density of individuals of the soil macrofauna. The height and vigor of the cacao tree were also related to the deposition of forest biomass.

7
  • PEDRO VAZ DA ROCHA
  • Geostatistics in the Classification of Productive Capacity in Eucalyptus Settlements

  • Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MARCO ANTONIO MONTE
  • VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: 28-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Traditional production capacity classification methods do not take into account the spatial variations of the mean height of the dominant trees, causing loss of important information for forest management. Through geostatistics it is possible to evaluate the spatial structuring of the productive potential, aiming to optimize forest management practices. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the application of geostatistical methods in the classification of productive capacity, in eucalyptus stands. The study was carried out in 62 plots with clonal stands of Eucalyptus sp., Covering a total area of 2,119 hectares, located in the municipality of Bocaiúva, Minas Gerais. The climate of the region is Aw, a tropical, wet savannah, with dry winters and rainy summers. The average altitude is 820 meters, with precipitation and average annual temperature of 1,246 mm and 24ºC, respectively. The predominant soils are the Dystrophic Dark Red Latosol or Dystrophic Red Latosol. Data were collected using the simple casual sampling process, with 170 sample units with an area of 400 m² each, from the inventory performed at 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 months. In the sample units, the variables diameter at 1.30 m from the ground (DBH), the total height (Ht) and the average height of the dominant trees (Hd) were measured, following the concept of Assmann (1970). Of the total sample units, 136 were used to adjust the models and 34 were separated to perform predictive validation. Different geostatistical approaches to classifying productive capacity were analyzed, using traditional methods of the guide curve and algebraic difference, using the models of Schumacher, Chapman and Richards and Bailey and Clutter. Thus, six equation adjustments (2 methods x 3 models) were performed to estimate the site index and the quality of these adjustments was assessed using the adjusted determination coefficient, standard error of the percentage estimate, square root of the average error, average error percentage prediction, graphical analysis of the residues, in addition to the comparison between the estimated and observed values. Then, the site index semivariance analysis was performed for the six adjustments. After proving the spatial dependence, the spatial index of the site index was performed using ordinary kriging using 4, 8, 12 and 16 neighbors. The estimates obtained in ordinary kriging were evaluated through the square root of the mean error, mean percentage prediction error, Pearson correlation, Willmott agreement index (Symbol) and performance index. In addition, site index estimates were obtained using hybrid kriging methods with type B and C regression. Validation was performed with the values of dominant height at 72 months of age from 34 separate units for validation, and the estimates were compared. of the site index obtained by traditional modeling, ordinary kriging and by kriging with regression type B and C. The adjustment method that showed the best performance was the algebraic difference. The site index showed a spatial dependence structure for all adjustments, and in the interpolation, the use of 4 neighboring points at more advanced ages performed better. Predictive validation demonstrated that the types of kriging with regression were superior compared to ordinary kriging, however the traditional modeling demonstrated greater precision and accuracy among all the evaluated approaches. It is concluded that the site index has a strong spatial dependence, regardless of the model and the adjustment method, allowing its spatialization by geostatistical or hybrid methods. Therefore, kriging and regression kriging techniques should be used as complementary to traditional methods of classifying productive capacity.

8
  • ANA CAROLINE RODRIGUES DA SILVA
  • Soil carbon stocks and basal repiration under forest sucession after old eucalyptus removal 

  • Líder : FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • JULIO CESAR RIBEIRO
  • Data: 29-may-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  •  

    Land use changes alter C stocks of soil. The conversion of native vegetation into areas under agricultural or forestry use usually reduces these stocks. However, little information exists on the effect of natural regeneration of anthropogenic areas. This project aims to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus plantations under soil C stocks in the Union Biological Reserve (REBIO) and the lability of this reservoir, after eucalyptus removal. It was then hypothesized that (i) old eucalyptus plantations, in areas with high regeneration potential (and without weed control during the period, as they are within the Reserve), the C stocks in the soil are increased and (ii) ) that after the activation of the successional process (removal of the ecucalipto), the microbial activity of the soil will be increased to the detriment of the maintenance of these stocks, that is, there will be an increase in the basal respiration of the soil. These two hypotheses will be tested by sample collection in profiles (in field, hypothesis 1) and laboratory experiment (hypothesis 2). The experimental design will be better defined after a visit to REBIO. The project is expected to know the behavior of C in areas under natural regeneration after eucalyptus cultivation.

     

9
  • LAURA CRISTINA PANTALEÃO
  • Effect of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass on ecosystem processes in communities under ecological restoration in the Atlantic Forest

  • Líder : JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MILENA FERMINA ROSENFIELD
  • THIAGO DE AZEVEDO AMORIM
  • Data: 22-jul-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Facing the consequences of deforestation and loss of biodiversity, the demand for ecological restoration projects has become increasing. The technique of planting seedlings is one of the most used for the ecological restoration of tropical forests, directing the ecological succession and contributing to the ecosystem processes. There is a relationship between the above and below ground compartments, where the vegetation characteristics are important for the maintenance of soil quality. This study assessed the role of functional composition, functional diversity and aboveground biomass under soil ecosystem processes in communities undergoing ecological restoration in the Atlantic Forest.  This assessment allows us to infer the importance of the different mechanisms that assist in the recovery of ecosystem processes. The study was conducted in an ecological restoration experiment composed by four treatments based on succession groups, implemented 19 years ago in the Poço das Antas Biological Reserve, located in the municipality of Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro. Functional attributes of the 32 species found were collected and measured: leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, carbon content, phosphorus and leaf nitrogen and wood density. For functional diversity the following metrics were calculated: functional richness, functional divergence, functional equity and quadratic entropy of Rao. The soil ecosystem processes evaluated were: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon, metabolic quotient and microbial enzymatic activity. In addition, aboveground biomass was obtained from the treatments. The results of the principal component analyses confirmed that the restoration communities implemented with different species have differences in functional composition and functional diversity. The treatment composed of pioneer species presented more acquisitive characteristics, while the treatment with climax species, more conservative characteristics. For soil ecosystem processes, functional composition had more important effects than functional diversity and above-ground biomass. However, functional diversity also presented important relationships with soil processes. For soil carbon, the three factors were important, having a positive relationship with specific leaf area and negative with aboveground biomass and functional equity. For phosphorus in the soil, the most important relationship was with specific leaf area, followed by functional divergence, both positive. For enzymatic activity, specific foliar area and functional divergence presented a high negative relation with the process. For the metabolic quotient of the soil, the only important relation was positive with foliar phosphorus. For the carbon of microbial biomass there was a strong negative relation with Rao's quadratic entropy index, but weaker and more positive with the carbon of microbial biomass. The findings demonstrate that the functional composition and functional diversity are more important to explain the ecosystem processes of the soil during the ecological restoration process than aboveground biomass. This demonstrates the importance to considered plant the functional traits in ecological restoration projects in the tropical forest.

     

Tesis
1
  • ATHILA LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA
  • ENVIRONMENTAL REGULARIZATION, NEW WAYS FOR THE RECOVERY OF DEGRADED AREAS

  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • DALMO ARANTES BARROS
  • LUIS ANTONIO COIMBRA BORGES
  • Data: 17-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • With the enactment of Forest Law no. 12.651/2012, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) and the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA) were instituted, aiming at the regularization of environmental liabilities in rural properties, with the recovery of degraded areas where native vegetation should be occur. Some states, including Rio de Janeiro (RJ), have published regulations on the PRA, it is necessary to analyze the completeness of the State Decree of Rio de Janeiro, nº 44.512 / 2013, and other regulations on the subject. The present work aimed to characterize the legal framework related to PRA in RJ, highlighting national and state regulations, and to indicate the main consequences for rural properties related to environmental regulation. It was found that Decree No. 44,512 / 2013 is not specific to PRA and lacks details. The issue is dealt with in other regulations, but a rule that specifically describes the actions and deadlines of the agents involved in the implementation of PRA in the State has not been promulgated. The INEA Resolution 143/2017 deals with the PRA only for large properties, but for these the aid is not expected as are the cases of small producers. In addition, despite the PRA deadline ending in 2017, national and state governments have still prioritized CAR.

2
  • BRUNO GEIKE DE ANDRADE
  • IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS BY ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGES
  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • ANDERSON GOMIDE COSTA
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • GRACIELA INÊS MUÑIZ DE BONZON
  • JORDÃO CABRAL MOULIN
  • JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
  • Data: 18-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • IDENTIFICATION OF WOODS BY ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL IMAGES
3
  • JOSÉ HENRIQUE CAMARGO PACE
  • Identification and estimation of wood properties by near-infrared spectroscopy

  • Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
  • JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
  • JORDÃO CABRAL MOULIN
  • JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
  • Data: 18-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The forestry sector lacks the technologies that make it more competitive, and for this it is necessary that the industries update themselves according to the launch of the technologies, always aiming at facilitating the operational and makes faster the acquisition of the results both in the commercialization, as in the field, and also within the production line.

    Illegal trade in timber is still a gigantic bottleneck in the timber sector, as many attempts have been made to reduce the fraudulent trades conducted by the illegal timber trade, but without the technical assistance and the necessary technologies, this trade is still a few steps ahead ( SILGUEIRO et al., 2015). For this reason, some scientific works have emerged proposing alternatives for a correct identification with an easy operation, which would serve to combat this illegal trade in wood (Lazzaroto et al., 201, NASCIMENTO et al., 2016; HWANG et al., 2016; Soares et al., 2017, COSTA et al., 2018).

    There are other industrial operations in the forestry sector, which need the results or estimates in real time to be able to make the right decision during the production. This would be the case for pulp and pulp production companies, since they accompany the woody material from the field to the reels of paper, and that a misguided estimate can yield millions of losses in a few hours (BIRKETT, GAMBINO, 1989; SANTOS et al., 2015; VIANA et al., 2016;

    Another very necessary estimate in the timber sector is the estimated useful life of the wood, which would be the amount of time it can still carry out that work, because as it is an organic product, it undergoes a biological degradation, often caused by xylophagous agents such as microorganisms and insects, which often compromise the mechanical functions of wood (FACKLER, SCHWANNINGER, 2010; PAES et al., 2013).

    It is also necessary to use new technologies that reduce project costs, such as obtaining the wood density for the quantification of forest biomass, which is now being used. Previously the methodology made this consideration unfeasible within the project, largely due to the time of the tests and the lack of material, since in many inventories the biomass for obtaining forest biomass is an expensive and time-consuming process, and almost always non-destructive, when knocks down the tree, making it more time consuming.

    Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) is considered a great alternative to replace some destructive testing, since it requires no sample preparation and / or removal from the production line, making it widely used in various industries and of science (textiles, wood, food, health, polymers) (TSUCHIKAWA, KOBORI 2015).

    The estimate that this non-destructive NIR test can do is completely in agreement with what the forestry sector needs, with a quick diagnosis of the type of material, with an easy-to-operate equipment and can be framed to estimate parameters in any part of many production lines. (SANTOS et al, 2015, HEIN et al, 2017).

    Based on the facts gathered, this study aims to study the forms of estimates that the NIR technique can carry out in different branches of the forest sector that work with woody material, such as the estimation of the biological resistance, the estimate of density tied to the calculation of biomass as an alternative to the identification of native woods.

4
  • POLLYANNA RODRIGUES DE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS
  • RECRUITMENT OF TREE SPECIES IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST: THE EFFECT OF THE REINTRODUCTION OF AN IMPORTANT SEED DISPERSER IN THE NATIONAL PARK OF TIJUCA
  • Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • HENRIQUE BASTOS RAJÃO REIS
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • RITA DE CASSIA QUITETE PORTELA
  • Data: 20-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Many plant species depend on the action of frugivores to maintain their populations. These interactions can be negative, such as predation of seeds that make germination impossible, or positive as dispersion, which will transport intact seeds to other locations. In this scenario, the agouti Dasyprocta spp. is inserted, a medium-sized scatter-hoarder that consumes fruits and seeds of a high number of species. Admitting that agouti has different roles in the community, the present study sought to answer the following questions: (1) can the characteristics of diaspores affect the destination given by agouti (between predation, dispersion and burial)? (2) in a place where the agouti was reintroduced, which tree species have the potential to have their seeds dispersed by the animal? (3) does the reintroduced agouti affect the recruitment of seedlings of a species that has it as its main scatter-hoarder? To obtain the data, a bibliographic survey was first made on agouti frugivory, collecting information on the plant species already studied, dimensions of the diaspore, and observed destination. The case study was carried out in the Tijuca National Park (PNT, RJ), where the agouti was extinct and recently returned through the reintroduction project. Floristics were performed to verify the species that may be benefiting from agouti through seed dispersal, and then the population of Astrocaryum aculeatissimum was sampled in areas of occupation and absence of reintroduced agouti, in order to compare recruitment in the two areas. It was found that agouti is a predator of small fruits and seeds, while preferentially dispersed and buries large seeds. In the PNT, almost 80% of the species are zoochoric, but of these, 30% have a large diaspore and are potentially dispersed by agouti. One of them is A. aculeatissimum, where the population shows an imbalance, but which presented an increase in the number of seedlings and infants in the area of occupation of agouti. The results showed that the reintroduction of an important seed disperser can be a tool for the restoration of lost ecological interactions, becoming a promising strategy for nature conservation.

     


5
  • FLÁVIO AUGUSTO MONTEIRO DOS SANTOS
  • Pilot Program for Payment for Environmental Services focusing on water resources of the Paraíba do Sul River Basin Integration Committee: impact, dimensions and perspectives
  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ACACIO GERALDO DE CARVALHO
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • CRISTHIANE OLIVEIRA DA GRAÇA AMÂNCIO
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • LAMOUNIER ERTHAL VILLELA
  • Data: 20-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The National Water Resources Policy (Federal Law No. 9,433 / 1997) endowed water with economic value, characterized beneficiaries, defined watersheds as a territorial management unit and inserted new actors for governance of these resources in Brazil. The Paraíba do Sul River Basin Integration Committee (CEIVAP) acts as a permanent forum to deliberate on the use of waters of the Paraíba do Sul river basin, integrating water resources management among the committees of the Paraíba River tributaries In 2014, CEIVAP created the Pilot Program for Payment for Environmental Services (PSA) with a focus on water resources, with the aim of disseminating the use of the PSA tool as a municipal territorial management strategy for forest conservation and restoration. affluent sub-basins of the Paraíba do Sul River. In progress since 2015, the projects that make up this program include 11 municipalities, in five affluent committees, conserving 727.28 ha and restoring 188.58 ha of areas distributed among 78 rural properties, for whereby owners receive up to R $ 200 / ha / year for the provision of environmental services. This paper aims to investigate the economic, environmental and social aspects contemplated in the implementation of this program, offering subsidies for analysis of key elements for program improvement and consolidation of a policy of strategic investment in environmental services for the Paraíba do Sul river basin. by CEIVAP.
6
  • FERNANDO LIMA AIRES GONÇALVES
  • Strategies for the recovery of areas degraded by oil exploration and production in the Caatinga

  • Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JEFERSON LUIZ DALLABONA DOMBROSKI
  • EDUARDO FRANCIA CARNEIRO CAMPELLO
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • Data: 21-feb-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  •  

    Many of the changes caused in the Caatinga Biome were due to the exploitation of native wood for firewood and intensive agricultural practices. In addition to the extractive and agricultural activity, the activity of mineral exploration also causes major impacts on the biome. This process involves the suppression of all vegetation and the excavation of the soil at depths ranging from 2 to 15 m to remove the slate and at the end the deposits must undergo recovery steps. Some strategies for recovering areas degraded by the extraction of slate previously studied have shown that it is possible to achieve success in the functional restoration of these environments. However, it is necessary to advance on several fronts, such as the identification of native species capable of colonizing the impacted areas, the identification of new planting techniques that help newly introduced plants to survive periods of drought, in the study of the efficiency of different arrangements of planting on the speed of restoration, among several other aspects. To this end, this thesis is divided into three chapters and its general objective is to evaluate the efficiency of different strategies for recovering areas degraded by oil exploration and production in the Caatinga. The first chapter evaluated the survival and development of 30 tree species native to the Caatinga in degraded areas containing different types of substrate and for that purpose, an experiment was started in June 2017 with an experimental design in randomized blocks, with two treatments (T1 crowning with carnaúba and T2 control) and four replications (locations) in sub-divided plots, testing 32 species from the Caatinga. Half of the species studied were classified, under the conditions of this study, with high and very high suitability, according to the conservation restoration value, for use in projects to recover degraded areas. The second chapter evaluated the potential for using different planting compositions and different tree species arrangements as a recovery strategy and had an experimental design in randomized blocks with four treatments and four repetitions (T1 - control; T2 - Planting of filling species mixed with species of diversity; T3 - Line of filling species interspersed with lines of diversity species; T4 - Line of filling species interspersed with lines of diversity species, with annual pruning of the juremas and deposition of the material). The results show that the different planting arrangements did not influence the growth and survival rate of the treatments in which there was planting and the pruning had little influence on the height growth of the surrounding individuals. Finally, the third chapter evaluated different techniques in order to increase the survival of newly introduced plants in the dry season and for these evaluations, an experiment was carried out in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme with three levels (type of seedling, hydrogel application or not and application or not). The results show that the use of seedlings with an elongated root system provided varied results depending on the species and the characteristics that were evaluated, under the conditions of this experiment. The same occurred for the application of hydrogel and carnauba residue.

7
  • MARCELLE NARDELLI BAPTISTA
  • Floodplains: where and how renaturalization water functions.

  • Líder : RICARDO VALCARCEL
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RICARDO VALCARCEL
  • ERIKA CORTINES
  • LUIZ FELIPPE SALEMI
  • SANDRA BAPTISTA DA CUNHA
  • WELINGTON KIFFER DE FREITAS
  • Data: 27-nov-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • BAPTISTA, Marcelle Nardelli. Floodplains: where and how renaturalization water functions. 2020. 92p Tese (Doctorate Science in Environmental and Forest, Nature Conservation) Instituto de Florestas, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, 2020.
    The floodplains are biodiverse and multifunctional environments, which play an important role in water regulation in large river basins. This study aimed to establish theoretical bases conditioning a new form of management, through the concept of renaturalization of water functions in part of the anthropized floodplains. It was subdivided into specific objectives were to evaluate alternatives for flooding disciplines promoted through renaturalization measures, to characterize the hydrodynamics of the floodplain in urbanized and non-urbanized soils, to raise the spatio-temporal dynamics of the water table level in the production of ecosystem services in connectivity zone and spatialize sectors with hydrological skills to provide distinct ecosystem services via the concept of renaturalization measures. The studied floodplain is 217.84 km² (0.38% of the basin) and is in the upper third of the basin. It is artificially regulated by the Funil Hydroelectric Power Plant and has been losing its water functions over time, both due to anthropic interventions and changes in rainfall. Second largest plain on the Paraíba do Sul River and has the greatest potential for management via the renaturalization of its functions. Water level measuring gauges were installed at points with different distances from the lithostructural control, both inside the floodplain and in the connectivity zone. Although the physiognomic aspects of the landscape are similar in its hydrological stretch of 50 km, a significant difference was found between the level of the water table in areas with different degrees of urbanization and geo-environmental characteristics. The results indicated that urbanization changed the depth of the water table by more than 2.5 m. Sectors closer to the lithostructural control have a higher saturation frequency than the more remote sectors located upstream, being more apt to receive measures for the renaturalization of water functions and to have regulation of urban growth. In these sectors, greater connectivity between the floodplain and the river was observed, and with this, greater saturation during floods and humidity in the droughts. The plain subdivided into sectors with similar functional abilities allow to improve the planning process and increase the offer of ecosystem services. Areas more distant from the lithostructural control are more important for the storage of rains (ecosystem storage service), while areas closer offer greater ability for water regulation of floods. Both operate in an integrated manner, improving the management of water resources within the plain and benefiting the population living downstream. The sectorization of the floodplain based on water functionality and its division into sub-sectors, allows better management of the territory and improves the interconnections between the main river channel and the floodplain in less anthropized spaces, an essential basis for establishing renaturalization measures. of its water functions.

     

8
  • TAMÍRES PARTÉLLI CORREIA
  • ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES AND HYDROTHERMAL REGIME OF THE PERMAFROST ACTIVE LAYER IN ANTARCTICA.
  • Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • GUSTAVO BASTOS LYRA
  • FLAVIO BARBOSA JUSTINO
  • CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
  • ELPIDIO INACIO FERNANDES FILHO
  • Data: 23-dic-2020


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Permafrost, together with the active layer, are one of the most important components of the cryosphere. In this context, the general objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of six hydrothermal monitoring sites located in the Antarctic Maritime and Peninsular. In addition to thoroughly assessing the hydrothermal regime of the soils in these sites and verifying the correlations between large scale climatic events and soil temperatures. For temporal trends, the Mann-Kendall method was used, but with different approaches in each chapter. The Active Layer Thickness (ALT) was estimated according to the maximum monthly temperature when reaching 0 ° C. ENSO (El Niño - South Oscillation) and AAO (Antarctic Oscillation Index) were chosen to generate the correlations (Spearman), between large scale climatic events and the thermal regime of the soil. In chapter 1, it was possible to use snow and rainfall data to support hypotheses about the soil water regime. The dynamics of the active layer and the thermal regime were influenced by the local effects of each site, as in Deception, with a lot of influence from geothermal activities. The isothermal state stands out as a remarkable process, with a growing sense of depth at the sites of Fildes, Low Head, Deception and Hope Bay, in summer, autumn and winter. In general, the six sites showed trends at the different scales analyzed. The average thickness of the active layer was 92.6 cm (Fildes), 115.6 cm (Low Head), 88.3 cm (Deception), 142.7 cm (Hope Bay), and 94.2 (Seymour). The moisture and texture of the soil also exercised control over the periods of freezing and thawing, in intensifying the effect zero curtain and in the transmission of energy in the soil profile. The time series, were well correlated with ENSO and AAO. With greater intensity, by the strong El Niño (2015/2016), and La Niña of moderate class in 2011, with the occurrence of harsh winters and very hot summers, with effect also at the point of abrupt change of the trend line.

2019
Disertaciones
1
  • JOÃO ELVES DA SILVA SANTANA
  • Coexistence and control strategies of Urochloa sp. in forest restoration.

  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • ANA CLAUDIA LANGARO
  • HAROLDO NOGUEIRA DE PAIVA
  • Data: 14-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The presence of spontaneous weeds in stands of forest restoration can cause damages, because it reduces the efficiency in the use of the growth resources by the arboreal species, being necessary control strategies. The first and second chapters evaluated the efficacy of five strategies of control of spontaneous weeds in the formation of stands with native tree species of the Atlantic Forest. The treatments were: mechanical - only with manual crowning and brushing; Chemical - herbicide application based on glyphosate in total area; Quím_cultural - herbicide application, cultivation and management of herbaceous legumes; Quím_auctions - application of herbicide in the planting line and cropping between the lines; Cardboard - crowning of seedlings with cardboard after planting, manual crowning and brushing. It was verified that after 18 months herbicide application in total area showed the greatest effect on the reduction of spontaneous plant populations and higher growth in height, diameter and crown area. The mechanical treatment was the one that presented the greatest need of interventions, due to the rapid regrowth of the spontaneous weeds which contributed to the lower growth of the arboreal species in this treatment. Quim_cultural and Quím auctions treatments showed plants growth and reduction of herbaceous vegetation intermediates. Based on the results of low durability of the packages, the paperboard treatment was not effective in the control of spontaneous weeds in reforestation in the study region. The results of the second chapter demonstrated that up to 19 months mechanical activities were the ones that presented the greatest need and lower operating efficiency, which contributed to the fact that the mechanical treatment had the highest cost in the control of spontaneous weeds. The control with herbicide application in total area was the strategy with less need of inputs and number of interventions. In addition, this operation presented the highest yield, contributing to the lower cost of the chemical treatment. The third chapter aimed to evaluate the influence of the coexistence of Urochloa brizantha var. Marandu on the growth and shoot accumulation of macronutrients of the tree species Cordia trichotoma, Guarea guidonia and Peltophorum dubium. For this, tree species changes were transplanted in 18-liter pots and kept free of the brachiaria for three months. After this period, the experiment consisted of three treatments. The control, two Brachiaria plants per pot and four Brachiaria plants per pot. The growth and nutrient accumulation of the three tree species were evaluated. The increase in diameter of C. trichotoma and G. guidonia, leaf area and shoot dry matter mass of G. guidonia and accumulation of potassium and magnesium in leaves of C. trichotoma were significantly affected by the presence of U. brizantha , in relation to the control. For P. dubium, which was maintained for a longer period, it was verified that U. brizantha negatively affected the accumulation of dry matter and macronutrients of Peltophorum dubium. Plants free of coexistence, showed higher production of roots, branches, leaves, leaf area, average weight per leaf and nitrogen and root calcium contents. It is concluded that the presence of Urochloa brizantha presents a limitation to the growth of the tree species.

2
  • MARCONDES GERALDO COELHO JUNIOR
  • .

  • Líder : ACACIO GERALDO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ACACIO GERALDO DE CARVALHO
  • ANA PAULA DIAS TURETTA
  • CRISTHIANE OLIVEIRA DA GRAÇA AMÂNCIO
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • Data: 18-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

3
  • WILBERT VALKINIR CABREIRA

  • Organic matter and phosphorus in soils under monospecific and mixed stands of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium.

  • Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • ADEMIR FONTANA
  • Data: 18-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Mixed planting with nitrogen-fixing tree legumes (N) may benefit nutrient cycling in eucalyptus stands by better absorption of phosphorus (P) and higher organic matter input. n order to clarify the effect of mixed plantations on the modifications of the different P and carbon fractions, this study aims to advance the understanding of the biogeochemical cycling of P in forest plantations of Eucalyptus urograndis (Eucalyptus urophylla ST Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Spreng) and Acacia mangium Willd (acacia) in tropical clayey and sandy soil, analyzing changes in P compartments in the different combinations of species (monospecific and mixed plantings) and impacts on future rotations with respect to fertilization. For this, two experimental fields were selected, the first one located in Seropédica-RJ (sandy texture) and the second one located in Sinop-MT (Oxisol clayey texture), both in a randomized complete block design (n = 3). Eucalyptus plantations, with and without nitrogen fertilization (0A: 100E and 0A: 100E + N, respectively), and of acacia (100A: 0E) were established in both experimental units, in addition to three arrangements with the planting species (50A: 50E - 1,111 trees ha-1), a more denser one with 100% of the population of both species (100A: 100E - 2,222 ha-1 trees) , this only for experimental unit of Seropédica and another one presenting planting density of 33% of acacia trees and 67% of eucalyptus trees (33A: 67E). Soil samples were collected at two depths in their depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm), being determined the labile carbon (CL), total organic carbon (COT), associated to the particles (COp) and associated with minerals (COam) beyond total phosphorus (Pt), labile organic phosphorus, moderately labile and resistant labile (Pobic, PoH and PoOH, respectively), labile inorganic phosphate, moderately labile and resistant labile (Pibic, PiH and PiOH, respectively) and residual phosphorus (Pres). Regarding soil carbon, the variable CL was shown as a potential indicator of soil quality since it was the only one to present a significant difference between the treatments at both depths for both types of soil, where the plantations whose acacia was present, presented the highest levels of the most labile fractions of carbon. Regarding phosphorus in the soil, the mixed plantation between eucalyptus and acacia 50A: 50E decreased the inorganic P reserve in the soil, but in different compartments depending on the soil texture. In the clay soil this reduction occurred in the labile fraction while in the sandy soil in the moderately labile fraction. In clayey soils this reduction occurs in the most labile fraction, while in sandy soils it occurs in the moderately labile fraction, in addition, the mixed plantation between eucalyptus and acacia 50A: 50E provides a high correlation with the more labile fractions of carbon and phosphorus in the soil, presenting increases of the same in the system and the monospecific plantations provides a greater retention of carbon and phosphorus in the soil, mainly in clayey soils.

4
  • LEANDRO RIBEIRO NOGUEIRA
  • .

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CANDIDO BARRETO DE NOVAIS
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • ORIVALDO JOSE SAGGIN JUNIOR
  • Data: 19-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

5
  • KENEDY DONIZETE RIBEIRO DA MOTA
  • .

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CRISTIANE FIGUEIRA DA SILVA
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • JULIANA MULLER FREIRE
  • Data: 22-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

6
  • TIAGO MARQUES TITO
  • Evaluation of Evapotranspiration estimates based on surface and satellite data in the State of Rio de Janeiro

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MARCEL CARVALHO ABREU
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
  • Data: 22-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The need to validate the quality of evapotranspiration estimates is vital if this parameter is to be extended. For this, it is necessary to evaluate both the new remote sensing products that expand the areas of estimated evapotranspiration, and the empirical equations that provide estimates with different data requirements. To examine this problem, the present study compared the estimates of evapotranspiration obtained by remote sensing of the product MOD16A2, and of seven empirical equations with the estimates obtained through the FAO-56 reference method, with data obtained from six meteorological stations in the state of Rio de janeiro Brazil. The data cover the period from 2007 to 2013, which contains different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation phenomenon: La Niña (2007-2008), El Niño (2009-2010) and Neutrality (2013). Methods based on both surface and satellite data underestimated estimates of FAO-56 reference evapotranspiration for all weather stations and periods analyzed. The Irmak-2 method presented the closest performance of the FAO-56 method and the orbital product MOD16A2 inferior to the methods that used surface meteorological station data.

7
  • DALILA ARAUJO LOPES
  • .

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CRISTIANE FIGUEIRA DA SILVA
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • ORIVALDO JOSE SAGGIN JUNIOR
  • Data: 22-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

8
  • NORMA DA SILVA ROCHA MACIEL
  • .

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
  • ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
  • MILENE TEIXEIRA DE SOUZA
  • GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
  • Data: 26-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

9
  • CATERINA CARVALHAL BURATTA
  • .

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • FABRÍCIO GOMES GONÇALVES
  • Data: 26-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the bonding quality of wood joints, of the species C. citriodora, aged 17 and 60 years, and E. pellita, aged 17 years, using the adhesives Cascophen RS 216 (resorcinol) and vegetable polyurethane based on castor oil. The objective of Chapter 1 was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment in 160, 180 and 200 °C temperatures on the quality of joints adhesion through shear strength and percentage of failure in wood, concomitantly with the results of physical properties such as density and moisture content, as well as the chemical composition of the species and values of shear strength in solid wood. The objective of Chapter 2 was to evaluate the effect of the heat treatment with the same temperatures on the wettability of the surface of the wood of the aforementioned species, with their respective ages, by analyzing the contact angle of the drop with the surface. The tests of shear strength were performed in CONTENCO's universal mechanical test machine, the density of the joints and equilibrium moisture content were determined, as well as the content of holocellulose, lignin and extractives. The percentage of failure in the wood was estimated, and the adhesives had their physical properties determinated. Accelerated aging in the laboratory was simulated in a part of the joints to evaluate the quality of adhesion in wood exposed to the climate. The contact angle was measured by a goniometer, model DSA 100. The resorcinol presented a better overall performance compared to polyurethane in the joints under accelerated aging exposion, as well as the other ones. Resorcinol adhesive failed the adhesion test for C. citriodora 60 years old, untreated wood and 160°C treatment. The polyurethane failed in the adhesion test for all treatments of C. citriodora at 60 years and at the age of 17 years for untreated wood and treatment at 160°C. The E. pellita specie showed greater resistance at the joints. Between the ages of 17 and 60 years of C. citriodora, the age of 17 years presented greater resistance in the joints. There was a decrease in mechanical resistance when the wood was treated thermally in both joints and solid wood. Bond strength outperformed solid wood in almost all treatments and adhesives. There was reduction of mechanical resistance in all treatments after aging cycle. The equilibrium moisture content of the joints was reduced with the heat treatment. The lignin content increased with the heat treatment, while the holocellulose content decreased. The total extractive content was not directly related to the heat treatment. The wettability of the surface decreases with the heat treatment. The fresh cut surface has better wettability when compared to the oxidized one. The contact angle reduced during the measurement time exhibiting a stabilizing tendency.

10
  • DANILO HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS ATAIDE
  • .

  • Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
  • MARCO ANTONIO MONTE
  • RAFAELLA DE ANGELI CURTO
  • Data: 28-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

11
  • VICTÓRIA MARIA MONTEIRO MENDONÇA
  • Alternatives for the production of forest shoots using urban pruning residue and biodegradable films

  • Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • LUCAS AMARAL DE MELO
  • Data: 28-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The unbridled generation of urban solid waste together with the need for final disposal of these are classified as among the most complex environmental problems faced in the world by contemporary society. With this, the need arises for the creation of new techniques and strategies to mitigate these impacts in several areas, among them, the production of forest seedlings of native species, which is highlighted. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reuse the urban pruning residue for the composition of substrates and the development of biopolymer in order to allow the development of biodegradable containers for the production of forest seedlings. Experimental conduction and analyzes were carried out in the Laboratory of Genesis and Classification of Soil and in the Laboratory of Polymer Technology of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. The development of the aerobic composting process was verified with three phases (thermophilic, mesophyll and maturation). The organic compost of urban pruning waste generated satisfactory chemical and physical characteristics to be used as a component in the formulation of substrates, according to Brazilian legislation. The substrates on the basis of the compound produced did not favor Colubrina glandulosa seedlings at high concentrations of the compound, although treatment with 10% of the compound conferred morphological characteristics classified as suitable for planting. Among the formulations (F1, F2, F3 and F4) of biopolymers proposed, they all formed biodegradable films, with a biodegradability of: F1: 55%, F2: 52%, F3: 50% and F4: 4%. The processing of the pruning residue through low cost composting proved feasible as a way of reusing it. The compound had good characteristics to be used as a component in the formulation of substrates for the production of C. glandulosa seedlings, but should be used in low proportions. All the films produced had potential for use in the manufacture of packages for the production of seedlings

12
  • CARLA DE OLIVEIRA SILVA
  • .

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
  • Data: 10-abr-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

13
  • LUCAS AVELLAR ARANTES VIEIRA
  • EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF KRAFT LIGNIN IN TWO THERMOFIX ADHESIVES, USING WOOD OF PINUS sp TREATED AND NOT THERMICALLY TREATED

     

  • Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • ROSILEI APARECIDA GARCIA
  • FABRÍCIO GOMES GONÇALVES
  • Data: 27-may-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the addition of four different kraft lignin loads on the shear bond strength of two bonded adhesives, with a resin of tannin-formaldehyde and another resin based on resorcinol. For both, untreated Pinus ssp wood was used and heat treated at 160 ° C.

    The work was carried out in three chapters, namely: Chapter 1, compared the results of both adhesives, besides the density of the samples, equilibrium moisture and percentage of failure in the wood, the treated samples had less influence of the addition of lignin in the shear bond strength, resorcinol bonding has higher values than solid wood, bonding with tannin-formaldehyde shows unsatisfactory values according to ASTM D 5751-99.

    The addition of 10% kraft lignin increased the percentage of failure in treated wood at 160 ° C with resorcinol adhesive. The addition of 30% kraft lignin reduced shear strength. The increase in lignin content increased the viscosity and solids content of both adhesives. Chapter 2 evaluates the wettability of the treated and untreated wood of Pinus sp, when the surface is machined with disc saw and then with thicker planer, besides chemical characterization of treated and untreated wood.

    The wood mechanized with disc saw presented higher value of contact angle, when treated thermally. The untreated wood presented a gradual reduction of the contact angle as a function of time.

    The thermally treated wood had higher contact angle values than the untreated samples, indicating less wettability of the treated wood.

    The heat treatment reduced the levels of xylans, mannans, arabinans and galactans, while an increase in the content of glucans, percentage of total extractives and lignin was observed.

    Chapter 3 evaluated the shear bond strength of bonded and untreated Pinus sp treated thermally bonded joints with resorcinol that underwent a cycle of weathering and joints that did not go through the cycle, as well as analyzing density, equilibrium moisture and wood failure .

    The bonded joints that were thermally treated and did not pass through the weathering cycle presented the highest values of shear strength. The percentage of wood failure increased when the bonded joints went through the weathering process, without distinction between treated and untreated wood.

    There is a positive correlation between percentage of wood failure and equilibrium moisture content, and negative correlation between failure percentage and density of the samples tested. The other variables did not present correlation.

     

14
  • RAMON PITTIZER MOREIRA
  • Soil physical quality and carbon and nitrogen stocks under different use systems in the Atlantic Forest environment

  • Líder : FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • FABIANO DE CARVALHO BALIEIRO
  • GUILHERME KANGUSSU DONAGEMMA
  • Data: 28-jun-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Evaluating whether land uses can align food production and preservation of the environment is a general objective of this work. Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are examples of land use systems that combine conservation and production, presenting diverse ecosystem services (ES). Many of these ES emerge from soil processes and, therefore, the monitoring of properties and attributes can assist in the evaluation of soil quality. The Rapid Diagnosis of Soil Structure (DRES) is a visual assessment tool of physical characteristics of the soil ideal for this type of study. The granulometric fractionation studies the Soil Organic Matter (SOM), reducing the heterogeneity and separating in homogeneous fractions as to the dynamics and function. The objective of this work was to compare AFS to land use systems (LUS) predominant in the region of Casimiro de Abreu e Silva Jardim (conventional agriculture, pasture) based on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and stocks, on soil physical quality and in the granulometric fractions of SOM. The samples were obtained from layers of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and, 20-40 cm depth of the soil, including areas of forest fragments, used only as reference. The levels and stocks of carbon and total nitrogen (NT) of thin dry land (TFSA), of particulate fractions (OMp) and associated with minerals (OMam) of SOM were determined. DRES generated soil quality indexes (IQES), root and soil cover. The forest fragments obtained the highest levels of C (14.55 g kg-1) and N (1.86 g kg-1) and differed more from the agriculture (10.47 g kg-1 of C and 1.22 g kg-1 of N). The AFS (13.02 g kg-1 of C and 1.50 g kg-1 of N) were the results closest to the forest fragment but did not differ from the pasture (12.2 g kg-1 of C and 1.31 g kg-1 of N) and agriculture. The stocks of AFS (59.70 Mg ha-1 of C and 5.10 Mg ha-1 of N) were higher than those of agriculture (44.24 Mg ha-1 and 5.10 Mg ha-1). The results of the fractions the AFS presented contents in OMp (0-5 cm) (0.174 g kg-1 of N and 3.40 g kg-1 of C) like native forest (0.223 g kg-1 of N and 3.87 g kg-1 of C. The largest stocks in OMam (20-40 cm) were observed in the forest (85.65 Mg ha-1 of N and 5.31 Mg ha-1 of C) and AFS (79.43 Mg ha-1 of N and 4.83 Mg ha-1 of C). The forest fragment presented the best IQES (5.22), followed by AFS (4.93), Pasture (3.80) and agriculture (2.55). The DRES resulted in soil quality indices that express the differences between land uses, besides having a good correlation with the soil C and N stocks. The AFS is the anthropic use that most conserves the carbon stock in the stable fraction of the SOM in depth and can be considered as a sustainable alternative for agricultural production and soil conservation. The levels of the granulometric fractions of SOM are efficient in the identification of changes caused by soil management. DRES can be indicated as an easy-to-access tool for assessing soil quality in the practice of technical assistance and rural extension in addition to its own use by farmers and rural owners since it is easy, fast and relates to Soil key properties.

15
  • LEANDRO DE SOUZA RITTER
  • Influence of environmental variables on the distribution and structure of Myrtaceae in the Itatiaia National Park, RJ
  • Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
  • SEBASTIÃO JOSÉ DA SILVA NETO
  • Data: 28-ago-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .The Atlantic Forest carries the dogma of being one of the most endangered phytogeographic domains in the world. Itatiaia National Park (RJ) is one of the places that have the objective of protecting it, sheltering many endangered and endemic species in its limits. In the Atlantic Forest Myrtaceae play an important role in the vegetation structure, having been used as indicator taxon and model of areas with high diversity and endemism, as well as used as a conservation tool. Based on the principle of environmental filtration, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between species of the Myrtaceae family and abiotic factors. In the floristic and structural survey the tree community was sampled with 60 plots of 100m², where all individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH) greater than or equal to 5 cm were raised. Information on environmental variables distance from the river, pedoform, percentage of exposed stones and soil samples were collected in the field. The slope and slope orientation variables were extracted using tools from ArcGis 10.1 software. A total of 1464 individuals were recorded, distributed in 248 species (or morphospecies), 145 genera and 62 families. The Shannon index (H ') obtained was 4.44 nats / individuals and the equability (J') 0.8. Myrtaceae took second place in species richness (12.04%) and abundance of individuals (11.6%). Through Principal Component Analysis and correlation of these variables, we chose to maintain the variables Clay, Organic Carbon, Potential Acidity, Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, sodium and pH. The Redundancy Analysis (RDA) generated the ordering diagram of species, environmental variables and plots, showing correlation of Myrtaceae species, mainly with the variations of the following environmental attributes: potassium, clay, sodium, potential acidity and organic carbon. The analysis presented an adjusted R² value of 0.14 and the first three axes accounted for 29.7% of the total accumulated variance. The species Eugenia fusca, Myrcia splendens and Myrcia tenuivenosa had the highest correlations with the first two axes of the GDR, and were also characterized as indicators, being Eugenia fusca and Myrcia tenuivenosa related to areas closer to the river, with higher percentage of sand, less acid soils, higher source of nutrients and higher percentage of exposed stones. Already Myrcia splendens has occurrence related to areas with higher clay content, higher concentration of organic carbon, more acidic and less fertile, besides the occurrence in areas farther from the river and with lower percentage of exposed stones.

Tesis
1
  • GABRIELA AKEMI MACEDO ODA
  • Neotropical palms in the Anthropocene Age: tracking a changing world

  • Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
  • ANDREA SÁNCHEZ TAPIA
  • MARCOS DE SOUZA LIMA FIGUEIREDO
  • MARIANA MONCASSIM VALE
  • RAFAEL DIAS LOYOLA
  • Data: 18-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The changes in the planet promoted by humans are so significant that they justified the creation of a new geological Age: the Anthropocene. Habitat loss, fragmentation, expansion of alien species and climate change are among the major impacts on biodiversity. When experiencing an impact, species can respond in different ways, and the strategy adopted by each species is related to their intrinsic characteristics. Given the increasing risk of global extinction, several standardized methods of risk assessment have been proposed, however, few consider the physiological characteristics of the species. These traits may help to understand adaptations to environmental heterogeneity and consequently to species responses to climate change. In this study, we sought to identify ecological and physiological traits that aid in the evaluation of the sensitivity of neotropical palms to anthropic impacts, especially climate change. With a broad and integrated approach, methodologies based on bibliographic review, functional traits measures and Ecological Niche Modeling were used. The results obtained provided important insights on ecological escape strategies and the relationship of leaf traits with space, climate, microhabitats and environmental suitability, among the main results are: (1) palm tend to present more escape strategies than acclimatization strategies; (2) leaf traits are not spatially distributed; (3) the correlation of leaf traits with climate occurs more strongly when the traits are more exposed to the climate; (4) species with thicker leaves and less specific leaf area (SLA) are less sensitive to climate change; (5) thicker leaf species showed a greater expansion of environmental suitability than thin leaf species in a climate change scenario; (6) leaf thickness of palms can be a good predictor of impacts of climate changes, and should be used in sensitivity analyzes; (7) palms tend to be favored climatically, with an increase of environmental suitability in a climate change scenario, however other anthropic impacts must be measured. In addition, it is encouraged the search for new traits that present features that are easy to obtain, for a wide evaluation of species, and that are closely related to climatic variables associated with climate change.

2
  • GUSTAVO WYSE ABAURRE
  • Substrates, nitrogen fixing bacteria and arbuscular micorrizal fungi in the seedlings production and post planting Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

  • Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • JULIANA MULLER FREIRE
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • Data: 20-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Forest seedlings are mainly produced to meet the demand for forest restoration and timber production projects. Samanea saman is a rustic species, fast-growing and easy to obtain seeds. For these reasons, this species has been widely used in forest restoration plantations. The interaction of forest species with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) has been extensively studied and the substrate is one of the factors that most influence these symbioses. The objective of this work was to select the substrate for the performance of both symbioses and to evaluate if both symbioses play a role in the vigor maintenance in water stress conditions. The specific objectives of each chapter: Chapter I, selecting substrates for their conduction to the establishment of symbiosis with NFB and AMF and increased growth in Samanea saman seedlings relating the results to the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of the substrates; Chapter II: analyze the formation of Samanea saman seedlings using substrates previously selected as conducive to the symbioses with AMF and NFB and Chapter III, to evaluate whether Samanea saman seedlings associated with NFB and AMF produced on substrates leading to the symbioses present an increase in the tolerance to water stress after planting. In Chapter I, it was verified that the Carolina Soil substrate was the one that favored the nodulation and the substrates more Sewage sludge and clay soil substrate addition with 10% chicken litter (V: V) were the ones that favored the colonization of the roots with AMFs and the multiplication of spores. In Chapter II it is shown that the substrate Sewage sludge (more suitable to produce seedlings of S. saman because it increased all the growth characteristics of the seedlings) and both inoculations increased the aerial part and reduced the rooting and the lapping diameter. In the standard substrate, the symbioses increased the biomass, foliar area, and lap diameter, but in this substrate, the smallest seedlings were produced. In Chapter III, the use of NFB + AMF combined with the standard increased growth in height and in biomass after planting. For the substrate Sewage sludge, higher height and biomass occurred when no inoculants were used or fertilization in the production of the seedlings, and for this substrate, the fertilization reduced the root biomass and the microorganisms reduced the root and aerial biomass of the plants. The planting of Samanea saman seedlings produced in the Carolina soil substrate under conditions of water stress is not indicated

3
  • KAMILA LEMOS COSTA BARROS

  • Agricultural Aptitude of the Lands and Areas of Use restricted to the Light of the Forestry Legislation in Rural Settlement

  • Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
  • HELENA SARAIVA KOENOW PINHEIRO
  • NIVALDO SCHULTZ
  • CRISTHIANE OLIVEIRA DA GRAÇA AMÂNCIO
  • ELPIDIO INACIO FERNANDES FILHO
  • Data: 21-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo

  • Rural settlements are created to serve the population that needs to settle in a certain area, aiming to find an alternative for their subsistence and survival. The occupation of areas may interfere with the initially established soil cover. The objective of this work was to perform the spatial-temporal analysis of land use and land cover, by means of supervised classification, considering the period from 1999 to 2016, in Fazenda do Salto Settlement. The ArcGIS 10.2.2 program was used for the mapping and land use mapping, and images of the Landsat 7 (ETM + sensor) and Landsat 8 (OLI sensor) satellites, with spatial resolution of 30 meters. Five classes of land cover and use were defined: Forest, Pasture, Degraded Pasture, Burned Pasture and Water Body. The supervised classification of the images was done through the Maximum likelihood classifier. The degraded pasture class presented an increase in the history of land use and occupation, related to the type of inadequate and incipient management adopted in the settlement area. The maintenance of land cover and land use for the Pasture class is due to the main activity in the area of the settlement that is the livestock.

4
  • WANESSA APARECIDA SANTOS
  • Effect of conditioning and roughness on the wettability, surface energy and adhesion of the varnish on eucalypt woods

  • Líder : ROSILEI APARECIDA GARCIA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
  • ANANIAS FRANCISCO DIAS JUNIOR
  • EDVA OLIVEIRA BRITO
  • GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
  • GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
  • HENRIQUE TREVISAN
  • JOSE TARCISIO DA SILVA OLIVEIRA
  • JOSE TARCISIO LIMA
  • ROSILEI APARECIDA GARCIA
  • Data: 26-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The general objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of conditioning (aging) and surface roughness on wettability, surface energy and adhesion of the varnish on eucalypt woods. The specific objectives were: (1) to evaluate the effect of conditioning time on color change and surface inactivation and its correlations; (2) to evaluate the effect of the conditioning time on the wettability, on the performance of the varnish and its correlations; and (3) to evaluate the effect of machining operations (sanding and planing) on wettability, surface energy, roughness, adhesion of the varnish on eucalyptus wood and its correlations. To meet these objectives, the thesis was divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, color and contact angle measurements were performed for seven eucalypt species (Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus pellita, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis) on fresh surface (freshly machined) and aged after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of conditioning. The colorimetric analyzes were performed in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space and contact angle determined by the DSA 100 drop shape analyzer in static mode. In the second chapter, Corymbia citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus pellita woods were studied. Contact angle analysis and adhesion tests were performed on fresh surface (freshly machined) and after 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after planing. In the third chapter, the effect of the contact angle, surface energy and roughness on the sanded and planned surfaces of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus robusta woods were evaluated. The contact angle to surface energy were determined by the FTÅ D200 goniometer. The roughness was evaluated by 3D method using the optic white light MicroMeasure CHR 150 roughness meter. The wood adhesion was determined by the pull-off test with the application of a water-based varnish. The results of the first chapter permitted to classify woods into three density classes: very high, high and low; and two color groups: yellowish and reddish. The storage of the eucalypt woods caused darkening (lower luminosity - L*) and increased chromaticity on the surface. The storage time increased the contact angle by showing that he surfaces became more hydrophobic. The variables L*, a*, b* and C*ab had a greater impact on the wettability of the surface than the density. The results of the second chapter showed that the contact angle of Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus pellita surfaces presented the lowest values obtained after 8 h, whereas for Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood had less wettability after 24 and 48 h, since the contact angle values between 4 and 8 h were close to the values of fresh surface, condition is of greater wettability. The higher values of contact angle resulted in the lower adhesion values. The results of the third chapter showed that the planing produced more rough surfaces for Eucalyptus robusta and Eucalyptus grandis. Sanding produced surfaces with greater wettability and surface energy. The sanded surfaces of Eucalyptus robusta showed greater wettability and surface energy while the planed surfaces of Eucalyptus grandis had the greater adhesion.

5
  • FELIPE MARTINI SANTOS
  • Successional agroforestry systems with African mahoganies: silvicultural aspects and recovery of ecosystem functions

  • Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • DANIEL PIOTTO
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
  • MARCOS VINICIUS WINCKLER CALDEIRA
  • SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
  • Data: 27-feb-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • African mahoganies (Khaya spp.) have high wood quality, especially for uses in the furniture industry, decoration and interior finishes, musical instruments and shipbuilding. Recently, African mahoganies have stimulated the interest of foresters and investors in the tropics. Typically, the stands implanted consist of monocultures, which have been established in wider spacings. Alternatively, the area underutilized by African mahogany trees (in the lines and between the lines) can be used for the orderly planting of other shorter-cycle tree species and/or agricultural species (perennial and annual) or even for breeding animals in different arrangements of agroforestry systems. When these systems are handled harmonically with the secondary succession, they are called successional agroforestry systems (SASs), which are composed by a greater number of species (planted and regenerating), with mixed and dynamic spatial arrangements, since they are conducted according to the secondary succession. However, little is known about the growth and production of Khaya spp. trees in more complex productive systems, and the management of natural regeneration has been little explored in SASs established in areas abandoned by agricultural activities. Therefore, the present thesis was organized in three Chapters: in the Chapter I, a study was carried out on the adjustment of hypsometric and volumetric equations for Khaya ivorensis and Khaya anthotheca established in mixed and SASs stands. The selected equations gave subsidies to the Chapter II, where the growth and yield of both Khaya species established in mixed and SASs stands with or without selective management of natural regeneration. In the Chapter III, it was evaluated the recovery of the ecosystem functions resulting from natural regeneration management in Khaya spp. production systems (mixed stands and SASs) established in abandoned agricultural area were evaluated.

6
  • ELTON LUIS DA SILVA ABEL
  • Environmental Dynamics of the Juruá River Basin in the Amazon

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MARCEL CARVALHO ABREU
  • SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
  • LEONARDO PAULA DE SOUZA
  • RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
  • Data: 29-nov-2019


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The region of the Juruá river basin, considered one of the most sinuous rivers in the world and an important tributary of the Amazon River, lacks scientific information regarding climatic and environmental variables that end up influencing local social and economic organization. Understanding this environmental dynamics, past and future, is an important tool for managing the territory and its natural resources. In this sense, this study intends to reduce the information gap in the region with a study of the time series from 2001 to 2018 on climatic, hydrological vegetation and fire phenomena, and also to generate a future scenario, up to 2030, of the hydrological dynamics of the Juruá Basin, with implications for ecosystem services. Monthly data on mean surface temperature, rainfall and soil moisture, obtained from NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2, data from heat sources obtained from MOD Terra and Aqua platforms, and the EVI and NDFI indices of product MOD13A3 V006 were used. characterized by the Boxplot statistic and Principal Component Analysis. The Mann-Kendall test for trend analysis of the NDFI and the ARIMA model were applied to predict the probable changes of the NDFI from the data series studied, all processing took place in the software R version 3.5.1. The lowest precipitation years of the series were 2010 (155.62 mm), 2016 (163.15 mm) and 2005 (169.93 mm), with the highest monthly averages in March (290.25 mm) and January (282, 28 mm), and the years of greatest precipitation were 2009 (207.31 mm), 2014 (202.80 mm) and 2013 (196.28 mm), with the highest monthly averages in July (71.82 mm) and August (79.12 mm). For soil moisture, the years 2005 (435 mm) and 2016 (448 mm) were the lowest and 2002 (549 mm) and 2003 (545 mm) the highest average, from January to May. The highest concentration of fires in the series occurred in the months of August (1,142) and September (1,547), and the years 2005 and 2010 with the highest records of outbreaks 5,427 and 4,559. The EVI presented the highest values in October (0.566), November (0.573) and December (0.560), the beginning of the rainy season and the lowest in June (0.502) and July (0.503), coinciding with the period of lower rainfall and temperature average of the air. NDFI had the lowest values in September (890 km²) and August (1,421 km²), months of highest occurrence of fires, and January the highest values, 23,772 km² of flooded areas, in the middle of the rainy season and with humidity in the only high The years 2015 with 22,275 km ² and 2009 with 16,140 km ² with the largest records of flooded area and 2010 with 1,764 km ² and 2005 with 1,967 km ², with the smallest records. The environmental dynamics of the Juruá River basin were closely linked to the climatic variables studied, mainly to rainfall and soil moisture, with direct responses on vegetation behavior, river dynamics and fire occurrence. This allows the generation of reliable future scenario from the ARIMA model with seasonal expression.

2018
Disertaciones
1
  • MARIANA CAMPISTA CHAGAS
  • .

  • Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • CESAR DA SILVA CHAGAS
  • MAURO ANTONIO HOMEM ANTUNES
  • RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
  • Data: 21-mar-2018


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • .

2
  • SABRINA MAGNA PEREIRA
  • Wood anatomy of the species from Forest community in the Curió of Paracambi Municipal Natural Park, RJ.

  • Líder : HELENA REGINA PINTO LIMA
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • HELENA REGINA PINTO LIMA
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • MAURA DA CUNHA
  • CLAUDIA FRANCA BARROS
  • Data: 31-ago-2018


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Tree plants exhibit several functional attributes that allow their establishment in different forest phytophysiognomies. Any failure in the xylem water flow may result in damages such as decrease in gas exchange, and may lead individuals to death. Therefore, woody species develop numerous strategies to prevent hydraulic dysfunction. Adaptations in the hydraulic architecture have been occurring in terrestrial vascular plants and have been enabled their evolutionary success. Recent researches related to functional anatomical attributes in different scales have been highlighted in the current scenario due to global changes affecting variation and distribution of these attributes in tree community. Thus, this study aimed to establish wood functional diversity based on functional attributes. The Curió of Paracambi Municipal Natural Park is an urban park constituted by Dense Ombrophylous Forest, which conserves endemic species and important water sources. Seven tree species from five families were selected by presenting higher values of importance (VI). Astronium graveolens, Actinostemos verticillatus, Senefeldera verticillata, Erythroxylum pulchrum, Piptadenia gonoacantha, Pseudopiptadenia contorta and Bathysa gymnocarpa were non-destructively sampled. Woody material was processed according to usual techniques in wood anatomy. Description, classification and measurement were conducted following recommendations from the IAWA Committee. For statistical analysis three species from Lauraceae and Meliaceae were added. Data were submitted to UPGMA cluster analysis, using Jaccard distance coefficient, and to principal component analysis PCA and PCoA. Cluster analysis evidenced four groups, in where B. gymnocarpa was individualized from others by: angular vessel outline; scarce parenchyma and aggregate rays. In this same analysis three other species (T. casaretti, E. pulchrum and A. graveolans) were also separated from a larger group, which is subdivided into two others: one formed by S. verticillata and A. verticillatus; and another by U. bahiense, U. verrucosum, P. gonoacantha and P. contorta. After Principal Component Analysis the most significant variables were fibres wall thickness and tangential diameter. Exclusively solitary vessels, presence of fibrotracheids and heterogeneous rays were the wood most important qualitative characters in separation of species.

Tesis
1
  • JORGE MAKHLOUTA ALONSO
  • Valoration of biosolids from different origins aiming the production of native forest seedlings

  • Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
  • JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
  • ERIKA FLAVIA MACHADO PINHEIRO
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • CLEVERSON VITORIO ANDREOLI
  • Data: 05-dic-2018


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The solid waste from sewage treatment is rich in organic matter and nutrients, being called as biosolid after stabilization. Its production in large urban centers is increasing and its destination is considered an environmental problem. The recycling of biosolids to produce forest seedlings can favor water retention, provide macro and micronutrients and reduce costs with commercial substrates and complementary fertilization. The objective of this research is to characterize and evaluate biosolids produced in Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) located in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, aiming their use in the production of native forest seedlings. Initially, there were evaluated different batches of biosolids from the WWTP of Ilha do Governador, Sarapuí, Alegria, Pavuna and Barra da Tijuca, all located in the Metropolitan Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, which treat residential and commercial sewage, not receiving industrial effluents. These ETEs differ in their treatment of sewage and sludge. All batches of biosolids showed concentrations of heavy metals below those permitted by legislation, high nutrient and organic matter content, being viable their use in agriculture or as substrate. In the production of seedlings, there were evaluated substrates with different proportions of biosolids from WWTP Ilha and coconut fiber in the growth and quality of Ceiba speciosa seedlings. Substrates composed with 50 to 100% of biosolids presented higher growth in height, diameter and biomass, generating seedlings of better quality. In another experiment, the potential of the biosolids from the WWTP Ilha, Sarapuí and Alegria as substrates was evaluated to produce Colubrina granulosa andPeltophorum dubium seedlings. The biosolids were compared with two commercial substrates, one composed mainly with pine bark and the other with sphagnum peat. The biosolids of WWTP Ilha and Sarapuí presented chemical and physical characteristics compatible with their use as substrate, while that of WWTP Alegria presented undesirable physical characteristics, requiring more time of stabilization or mixing with other materials to be used as a substrate. Regarding the production of seedlings, for both species, higher growth and quality was observed in biosolids from Ilha and Sarapuí than in commercial substrates.

     

     

2
  • FELIPE ARAUJO MATEUS
  • Passive restoration of abandoned pastures from the facilitating species Clidemia urceolata DC.

  • Líder : RICARDO VALCARCEL
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • RICARDO VALCARCEL
  • JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
  • ERIKA CORTINES
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
  • WELINGTON KIFFER DE FREITAS
  • LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
  • Data: 18-dic-2018


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • Tropical Ecosystems have undergone several actions that have caused cumulative impacts until reaching the current scenario of degradation, in which low agricultural productivity and the supply of poor quality ecosystem services prevail in order to maintain contemporary society. As a way of remediation of the problems the passive ecological restoration presents itself as a viable strategy, since it presents low cost and depends essentially on the management of the resilience of the means to trigger the processes of ecological succession. In the ecological domain of Mata Atlântica, some sites with abandoned pastures present Clidemia urceolata nuclei, which may be influencing ecological succession processes. Assuming as a theoretical hypothesis that Clidemia urceolata DC is a facilitating and nucleating species capable of offering ecosystem services that support the processes involved in the passive forest restoration of abandoned pastures, it was determined as a general objective to describe the ecological processes in 34 years of pasture restoration of pasture abandoned in three parts: Chapter I - Evolution of the dynamics of fine roots in the process of passive restoration in a tropical ecosystem; Chapter II - edaphic changes promoted by the passive restoration in Clidemia urceolata DC nuclei in the Atlantic forest; and Chapter III - Ecological processes in the passive restoration before facilitating species nucleation in abandoned pastures in the Atlantic forest.

3
  • NICOLÓ CLEMENTE
  • Digital Soil Mapping and zoning of environmental vulnerability in Amazon

  • Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
  • BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
  • CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
  • EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
  • FABIO SOARES DE OLIVEIRA
  • MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
  • MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
  • Data: 19-dic-2018


  • Resumen Espectáculo
  • The preservation of territories requires accurate analysis tools. In land use planning, digital processes of data production on the physical medium, aid the systematization of complex systems. Soil Digital Mapping and multi-category hierarchical processes fall into the scope of pedometry, nuance of pedology with a more numerical-statistical approach. This work was structured in chapters containing articles. The introduction leads to the state of the art of classification and regression techniques with learning of pedology machines, but also to decision processes by geospatial data analysis. Chapter 2 has maps of soils of the Tepequém Rural Settlement (ART), municipality of Amajarí, Roraima. Soil classes were defined according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System in the Brazilian Amazon, covering different models and environmental covariates. Textural and organic carbon maps were also constructed at two depths (0-0.1 and 0.1-0.3 m) for the entire ART area. We used 52 covariates (AC) representing the soil formation factors, following: data stacking, extraction at points of interest, data cleaning, elimination of colinearity, choice of best CAs, model fit, prediction and validation with internal holdout. The Als Palsar elevation model with spatial resolution 12.5 m for lithology geological and aerogeophysical charts was applied to vegetation indices such as NDVI and SAVI. Chapter 3 discusses the use of hierarchical decision-making processes (AHP) for multicategory choices, in the allocation of areas of environmental vulnerability in ART. We then discuss the relationship between fragile areas, soil characteristics and area occupation in ART. Chapter 4 explores the relationships landscape landscapes in the area under study, using classification and chemical-physical analysis. The soil profiles characteristic of the area will be presented, developed from acidic and strongly weathered volcanic rocks, but also stains of more mafic materials derived from dykes of gabbro-diabasio. Among the results, the best soil maps were obtained with the Random Forest (RG) and Ranger (RG) algorithms, both tree and decision classifier, with performance measured with Kappa and overall accuracy of respectively 0.58 and 0.69 (RF) , 0.48 and 0.62 (RG). The modeling of soil attributes by machine learning generally selected 5 or less AC, all characterized as morphometric and aerogeophysical attributes. The prediction of clay had the best score in the first layer, with model RG, measured by R2 and RMSE of 0.393 and 0.099. The silt was efficiently modeled (second layer) also with RG regressor in 0.438 (R2) and 0.084 (RMSE). The sand class was the interpolated attribute with the highest RF performance (layer 2): 0.481 (R2) and 0.141 (RMSE). Finally, organic carbon showed a mean of 0.2 (R2) and 0.59 (RMSE) in layer 2. The main classes of soils collected in two intense field trips were plismatic yellow aluminum Argisol (Ultisols), haptic aluminum haplic polysaccharide (Inceptisols ), Gleissolo typical sodium hiccup (Inceptosols) and Typical dystrophic haptic nitosol (Alphisols). The analysis of the soil samples shows evidence of strong base leaching and aluminum accumulation, identifying a strong pedogenesis along the local lithology type. Low base-sum and cation exchange capacities characterize Amazonian dystrophic and ART soils, but there are enclaves of nitosols, which are also acidic and dystrophic. These characteristics are due to long-term exposure to the severe hot and humid tropical climate. Classification and regression of images for digital soil mapping were able to explain the local pedological variance for the entire rural settlement, in the attribution of classes and attributes, especially with the Random Forest and Ranger models. Methodologies by hierarchical analytical processes allowed to map the environmental vulnerability in the ART, being able to infer on the relations of the physical environment. The surveys indicate that most of the ART presents soils of the yellow argisol class, in keeping with the local Amazonian environmental characteristics.

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