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Disertaciones |
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1
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CAROLINA SOUZA LEITE DE JESUS
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RISK OF FIRE ASSOCIATED WITH CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE AND CLIMATE EVENTS IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST
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Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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HENDERSON SILVA WANDERLEY
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MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
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RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
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RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
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Data: 28-ene-2022
Ata de defesa assinada:
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Human influence on climate change has increased the occurrence of extreme weather events and made heat waves and droughts more frequent and severe, which leads to an increase in the number of fires, since extreme weather is a factor in causing forest fires. This work aims to propose an ARIMA model to assess the danger of forest fires occurring in the State of Rio de Janeiro in the future, in order to provide information that will serve as a subsidy for the creation of policies aimed at preventing or minimizing the occurrence of fires. forestry . Images from the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor and the Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) sensor were used from 1985 to 2015 in order to classify it as a degraded area and forest. A set of meteorological variables on a monthly and daily scale for the period from 1980 to 2013 was used to calculate the F index on a monthly scale. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (ARIMA) was used to simulate observed and future F index data. The results show higher NDFI values in areas to the south and southwest of the state, coinciding with the areas with greater predominance of Atlantic Forest. The most degraded regions are in the northeast and north and the year 2000 is the year with the largest area of degraded forest. Through the analysis of the F index for the past, it was possible to observe several peaks, which were associated with the occurrence of extreme events, mainly La Niña. The use of ARIMA modeling allowed us to identify that there was a change from high to very high class regarding the fire hazard of the past and future. In 2030, the minimum value reached 2.98 in May and June. Analyzing the entire future period on a monthly basis, the highest fire hazard values were found in the months of August and September. The index average was slightly lower in the autumn and winter months and higher in the spring and summer months when evaluating the climatic quarter. However, in the analysis of the average for the period of the year, the risk of fire is greater during the rainy season in the state. It becomes extremely important that measures are taken to reduce climate change or new peaks can be added to the prediction, as such changes cause a greater occurrence of extreme events, which in turn cause more fires.
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2
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KELVIN MONSON SERPA
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Myrtaceae in the Rio Claro watershed - RJ
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Líder : MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
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LUIS FERNANDO TAVARES DE MENEZES
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MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
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Data: 22-feb-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Rio das Pedras watershed, in the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ, is a natural boundary of the landscape with environmental perspectives for its territory, since it represents a pilot region for the implementation of programs to stimulate the conservation and restoration of environmental services in the region. Guandu hydrographic region. Different floristic-structural patterns are expected in its remnants, as well as new biological and ecological processes, associated ecosystem services and changes in the landscape, with changes in environmental variables. The Myrtaceae family has an important participation as a component in the Atlantic Forest, with high density in the remnants and a strong relationship with the fauna, important criteria in the use of the family in the restoration of the biome. The family has been applied in several studies focused on conservation purposes. The present study has two main objectives: (a) to expand the knowledge about the taxonomic diversity of the species of the Myrtaceae family from the occurrence and distribution of individuals, associating the conservation status of the taxa and the distribution in the studied areas: the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ, the areas converging with the Cunhambebe State Park and the Rio das Pedras watershed (Chapter I); and (b) to verify the relationship of environmental variables of the Rio das Pedras hydrographic basin on the geographic distribution of the representatives of the family in its limit (Chapter II). Records were collected through the INCT and JABOT Virtual Herbariums for the municipality of Rio Claro-RJ and botanical collection campaigns in the forest remnants present in its territory, indicating the contribution of the knowledge about the family to the limits of the Cunhambebe State Park and the Rio das Pedras watershed. For locations with records in the basin, geomorphology data (altimetry, slope and orientation slopes), vegetation index (NDVI) and proximity to drainage channels were considered, considering data from remote sensors and vegetation surveys obtained in the field. and in virtual herbaria. The family diversity data indicate 119 records of individuals for the municipality of Rio Claro, RJ, represented by 66 species/morphospecies, 42 determined at the species level, 21 determined at the genus level, and three records identified at the family level. The Myrtaceae found for the municipality of Rio Claro are subordinated to 9 genera, with Myrcia and Eugenia being the most representative of species. The species Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. was the most recorded in the municipality, with 19 occurrences. Three species found, Eugenia disperma Vell., Neomitranthes amblymitra (Burret) Mattos and Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral, are classified under threat grade VU (Vulnerable). Furthermore, 98 records are included in the PEC delimitation, indicating the strong relationship between the protected area and the distribution and level of biodiversity in the region. The study contributed with 30 new species to the list of flora of Cunhambebe. The hydrographic basin presented 50 records of the family in its territory, represented by 8 genera, 17 determined species and 10 morphospecies determined in genus, which followed a close relationship with the vegetation cover, through the high values of NDVI at their points, representing greater plant reflectance and coverage density, and the occurrence of species related to the state of better conservation of forest remnants. There was no direct relationship between the occurrence of the family and the environmental characteristics considered: altitude, slope and proximity to the drainage channels. The results indicate the adaptability to different geomorphological conditions of the species of the family, and its occurrence is related to the state of conservation of the vegetation.
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3
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RAISSA NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS
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Organic and phosphate fertilization in forest restoration: planting of Tabebuia cassinoides (Lam.) DC in pots and the field
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Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
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ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
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Data: 24-feb-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The number of native species threatened is a growing threat over the years in Brazil. Tabebuia cassinoides (LAM.) DC. (caixeta), has great economic appeal due to the good workability of its wood, which resulted in the decrease of its population, leading the species to integrate the endangered group. Forest species have different nutritional requirements, so studies involving the determination of adequate doses of organic and mineral fertilizers along with plant responses emerge as an alternative to optimize the recommendation of the amounts of nutrients to be apply. The first chapter of this study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and phosphate fertilization on the growth and development of T. cassinoides seedlings in pot conditions, as well as the effect of treatments on the chemical attributes of the pot substrate. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of organic and phosphate fertilization on the growth and development of T. cassinoides seedlings, in addition to the survival rate under field conditions. Both experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design over a period of 180 days. Vermicompost (AO), organomineral fertilizer (AOM) and three different doses of reactive natural phosphate (NP) (80P, 40P, 160P) were used as fertilizer sources. These sources of fertilization were compared with treatment in which there was no fertilization (T). Linear growth pattern of seedlings in pots and quadratic in field was observed. It was found that AO stimulates greater growth and development of T. cassinoides in pots and in the field. Phosphate treatments benefit the growth of T. cassinoides seedlings only in the field. Phosphorus availability via reactive natural phosphate increases in soils/substrates with lower pH values, mainly benefiting the stem diameter of T. cassinoides seedlings. In addition, organic fertilization reduces the mortality rate in the field and stimulates the production of reproductive material.
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4
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STEPHANY DA SILVA GUILHERME
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MULTITEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE MANGROVES IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO (PERIOD 1985-2020)
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Líder : ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ARIMATÉA DE CARVALHO XIMENES
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DANIEL COSTA DE CARVALHO
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ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
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GILSONLEY LOPES DOS SANTOS
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Data: 24-feb-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The mangrove ecosystem has suffered for years, with several degrading practices that directly impact the species and traditional communities. In the State of Rio de Janeiro, the reduction of mangrove areas is a result of the suppression of vegetation by the urban occupation that the coast faced during its territorial expansion. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the behavior of mangrove area dynamics in the State of Rio de Janeiro, between the years 1985 and 2020. The mangroves of Ilha Grande, Sepetiba and Guanabara Bay were analyzed, in order to demonstrate the variation in the coverage of the largest mangrove remnants of the State. The analyses were performed using the QGIS 3.18.3 program and images from the MapBiomas Collection 6.0 platform complement referring to the years 1985, 1992, 2011 and 2020, derived from LANDSAT satellites. The generated maps were validated with the help of Google Earth Pro and compared with other mangrove mapping methodologies. According to the study, Rio de Janeiro showed a significant increase, of 3,063 hectares, from 1985 to 2020, whose mangrove area went from 7,543 ha to 10,606 ha in these 35 years. Another result obtained was that the municipalities of Niterói and Quissamã in the first year of monitoring had no mangrove area, in 2020 they had 15.01 ha and 0.41 ha, respectively. The images of the analyzed bays show the evolution of the mangrove vegetation cover in their areas. In view of the above it is possible to conclude that the increase in mangrove cover coincides with the date of creation of the protection areas, proving the importance of conservation units in metropolitan areas for the maintenance of ecosystems, as well as restoration programs of these ecosystems.
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5
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CAROLINA TOSETTO PIMENTEL
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TECHNOSOIL FORMED BY ORE TAILINGS: RECOVERY STRATEGIES, CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND SOIL QUALITY
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Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANDRÉ THOMAZINI
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TEÓGENES SENNA DE OLIVEIRA
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BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
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CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
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MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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Data: 28-feb-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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On November 5th 2015, the Fundão dam, in the city of Mariana/MG, ruptured, when 43.7 Mm3 of iron mining tailings were released into the river terraces downstream. When deposited on river terraces, conditions were created for the formation of Technosols, with very particular characteristics, and the need for specific studies for this region in order to mitigate the impacts generated. In the first chapter of this study, the history involving the rupture of tailings dams around the world and in Brazil is presented, as well as the interventions carried out by the foundation responsible for the recovery and collaborators to stabilize the tailings in the area impacted by the Fundão dam failure. The second chapter deals with the chemical characterization and quantitative analysis of soil organic matter fractions in samples collected in December 2020 and January 2021 in 14 areas distributed on the terraces of the Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce rivers, five years after the rupture. There were 13 accidents involving mining tailings containment dams in Brazil, 10 of which in Minas Gerais. It was found that each stretch was affected by the rupture of the Fundão dam in a specific way and the foundation carried out several practices to stabilize the tailings, where in the areas of forest restoration, the lack of maintenance compromised its efficiency. When the owners are involved, there is a higher tendency for better results, as they act as a facilitator. These recomposition actions allowed areas degraded before the rupture to be recovered. By soil chemical analysis, it was identified that most of the area was classified as weakly acidic, and there is a tendency to increase SOM in the affected area, even so this attribute remains deficient in the region. Areas 12 and 13, which were recesses of the river and were filled in, differed from the others in several soil chemical attributes: SOM, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, and CTCe. However, the vegetation cover of both areas is different. In the physical fractionation, it was identified that the MOP contents were higher in the areas in relation to the MOAM, but in areas 13 and 14 there was an inversion of this granulometry, which shows that in these places there was an accumulation of finer material, both due to the longer distance of the dam, as well as the higher accumulation of tailings. The C, N and C-labile of the MOAM fraction were more representative in relation to the MOP of the MOS and the contents of both fractions were low, which can be explained by the fact that the area has little input of organic matter.
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6
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MARCOS VINÍCIUS DE CARVALHO MARTINS
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PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON MINING TAILINGS TECHNOSOLS DEPOSITED ON RIVER TERRACES
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Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANDRÉ THOMAZINI
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BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
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CARLOS ERNESTO GONÇALVES REYNAUD SCHAEFER
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MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
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Data: 28-feb-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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With the failure of the Fundão dam in 2015, around 60 million m³ of mining tailings were released over 663 km into the Doce River and its tributaries. Constant studies to diagnose the chemical, physical and geophysical situation of the Technosols developed have been carried out. This work was divided into two chapters and a literature review. The first aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and texture of technogenic sediments in the fluvial plains of the Gualaxo do Norte, Carmo and Doce rivers through exploratory statistical analyses. The granulometry shows a tendency towards an increase in the silt and clay contents and a decrease in total sand, with a predominance of medium-silty to medium-sandy classes; the pH is weakly acidic; macronutrients have low contents, being higher on the surface; the MO is low; higher levels of available phosphorus are found at depth, increasing along the study area, as well as micronutrients; the levels of available heavy metals are within legal limits. The second aimed to evaluate the thickness of the layer of these Technosols, using Georadar (GPR). Radargrams were generated, relating the different thicknesses to hypsometric maps of the locations. The textural variation suggests a process of elutriation of the surface layers close to the margins due to the greater ease of transport of the thinner materials; moreover, the sediments are chemically poor. The use of GPR for the identification of tailings thickness showed to be promising, and the variation of this attribute occurs as a function of the layout of the site by the distance and height of the river bed.
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7
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OSMAR DE FREITAS NEVES JUNIOR
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MACHINING OF THREE CLONES OF Tectona grandis LINN F. FROM DIFFERENT PLANT SPACINGS
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Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
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ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
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JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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Data: 14-jun-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The present work will study Tectona grandis genetic materials produced by cloning techniques and implanted under adequate spacing, testing the hypothesis that this raw material produces better quality wood for machining operations. The general objective is to evaluate the wood potential of three Tectona grandis Linn F. clones under two spacing conditions, through machining tests, aiming to indicate their suitable uses in the timber segment. The specific objective of the study aims to determine the yield in lumber, besides evaluating some defects of artificial drying; verify the behavior of wood in machining operations for planing, sanding, drilling for dowels and hinges, lateral tearing and nail insertion; determine some physical and anatomical properties of wood; and to analyze the existing associations between the quality of the machined wood and its physical and anatomical properties, considering the different genetic materials and spacing.
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8
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LUCIANA LOSS SODRÉ
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Diagnosis of the Myrtaceae family in herbarium collections for the southern mesoregion of Rio de Janeiro
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Líder : MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
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ANDRE FELIPPE NUNES DE FREITAS
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MARLI PIRES MORIM
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AUGUSTO GIARETTA DE OLIVEIRA
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Data: 08-jul-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In the Atlantic Forest Domain, the Myrtaceae family stands out for its representativeness in the arboreal component of the vegetation structure and species richness in relation to other families, in addition to being considered a strategic group as a tool for conservation. The state of Rio de Janeiro is home to important Atlantic Forest remnants in the southern mesoregion. Considering the potential of this region for the conservation of biodiversity and the access to the database of the computerized collections through the virtual herbaria, it was possible to generate information about the diagnostic of the Myrtaceae family in the south of the state. The compilation of computerized records of Myrtaceae was made from the speciesLink and JABOT sites. The goals were to survey the records of Myrtaceae specimens and their distribution in the southern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro; build up a list of species with geographic distribution, indication of endangered species and their threat categories and occurrence in conservation units; list the main determiners and collectors; inform the chronology of collections and analyze the distribution of specimens by the herbarium collections. The results found showed a total of 1380 records, 201 species, 10 native and four exotic genera, distributed mainly in the municipalities of Itatiaia, Paraty and Angra dos Reis. Most species, including endangered and endemic species, are in conservation units, with emphasis on the Itatiaia National Park, in the Vale do Paraíba Fluminense. The RB herbarium has the largest computerized and digitized collection of Myrtaceae. The main collectors were researchers from the Botanical Garden of Rio de Janeiro and the two main determiners were Marcos Sobral and Marcelo Souza. The periods with the highest number of records coincide with the year of creation of the Itatiaia National Park and with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992.
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9
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SABRINA MAYER DE ALMEIDA
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Strategies for improving eucalypt bleached Kraft pulp application
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Líder : FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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FERNANDO JOSE BORGES GOMES
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ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
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Robisnea Adriana Ribeiro
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Data: 17-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Currently, the forest biorefinery is being considered as a necessary system production aiming a sustainable production, mainly based on the extraction and utilization of the main components of wood. The wood has been considered as the main raw material in a biorefinery industry since many applications, e.g. energy, chemicals and materials are possible considering its use. But there are also opportunities considering the already forest commercial products, such as the commercial bleached pulp, for producing dissolving pulp or nanocelluloses, for instance. The dissolving pulp is a material characterized for high cellulose content (higher than 90%), low hemicellulose and degraded cellulose content, minimum amount inorganic, non-cellulosic organic impurities and adequate viscosity and brightness. This material is used to meet the demands of the food, textile and pharmaceutical industries, and it is mainly produced by the acid sulfite process and Kraft pre-hydrolysis. Alternative processes have been reported such as ionic liquid application and caustic extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, which has a great challenge the selective removal of hemicelluloses, guaranteeing the integrity of cellulose fibers, delivering more opportunities to the pulp mills as well as to the dissolving pulp users. On the other hand, the removed fraction of the initial pulp has not many applications described in the literature, or even in the industrial application. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to evaluate a strategy for converting the commercial Kraft pulp into dissolving pulp minimizing material loss by the generation of the other potential materials. This work used a commercial strategy such as the cold caustic extraction technology and application of the ionic liquid. Therefore, this dissertation was divided in two chapters, being the first addresses to describe the state of the art of the dissolving pulp production and the second evaluates the use of ionic liquid and cold caustic extraction to produce dissolving pulp and nanocellulose.
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10
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JULIA MARTINS DIAS DE OLIVEIRA
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PRODUCTION, DECOMPOSITION AND CARBON STOCK IN SERAPILHEIRA IN THE MÁRIO XAVIER NATIONAL FOREST, SEROPÉDICA, RIO DE JANEIRO
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Líder : EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
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RAFAELLA DE ANGELI CURTO
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VINÍCIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
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Data: 18-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Conducting a study on litter considering the different forest compositions present in FLONA Mário Xavier, can serve as a basis for knowing the dynamics of production, decomposition and carbon stock in this area, for this compartment. Therefore, the present work aims to quantify the carbon stock, production and decomposition of litter in the Mário Xavier National Forest, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In six layer of arboreal vegetation, with 13 (U.A) distributed by the ACS process. three collectors and 12 litterbags were installed (four per collector). The litter deposited in the collectors was evaluated monthly, and every three months, one litterbag per collector was removed from the area (three per U.A). For the carbon stock 20 (U.A) they were used to carry out the tree forest inventory and litter collection. Monthly and per stratum production values were compared using Student's t test (α = 0.05) for independent samples, and monthly production data were correlated with climatic variables using Pearson's correlation. For the decomposition data, the percentage of remaining material, the decomposition constant (K) and the half-life were calculated. The amount of carbon stored in the total litter and its compartments was obtained for further spatialization using geostatistics and the ordinary kriging interpolator, where then the generated maps were compared. The carbon stock in the litter presents a spatial dependence structure, with an average stock value in the FLONA of 3.38 Mg.ha-1, with higher concentrations in the eucalyptus stratum. The annual litter production is influenced by the seasonality of the climate, with an average annual estimate of 10.44 Mg.ha-1.year and 0.87 Mg.ha-1.month. The decomposition rate was low for all strata, requiring more than one year for the complete decomposition of the remaining material.
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11
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CRISLLARA LILLIANN FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA
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Planting and production of seedlings of Handroanthus impetiginosus (MART. EX DC.) Mattos produced under the management of containers and substrates for urban afforestation
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Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
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ANGELINE MARTINI
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ALAN HENRIQUE MARQUES DE ABREU
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Data: 29-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The volume of the container, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the substrate, are among the factors that influence the quality of the seedlings, increasing the chances of their establishment at planting. In the seedling production phase, the objective was to evaluate the biosolid as substrate and the container management in the production of Handroanthus impetiginosus (ipê-roxo) seedlings for urban afforestation purposes. Two substrates were used, biosolid (BIO) from sewage treatment (without fertilization) and a compound formulation (SC) of subsoil soil, manure and sand in a 5:4:1 proportion, which received base fertilization at planting. , and coverage every fifteen days. The handling of containers was carried out in two ways, the first handling (TC) being the seedling production started in a 280 cm³ tube, and after 120 days, the seedlings were transferred to the 3.0 liter citropot (L), where they remained for another 120 days. The second management (C) production started in the 3.0 L citropot, where the seedlings remained for 240 days. At 240 days, all seedlings were transplanted to the 15 L pot, where they remained until 510 days. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial, totaling 4 treatments, with 5 replications of 4 seedlings in each treatment. Collect height and diameter data were collected monthly for the evaluation of the experiment. The relative growth in percentage of the variables H and DC between 90 and 510 days was calculated. The residues were submitted to the test of normality and homogeneity of variances, followed by the data to the F test, where significance was found. At 510 days, the BIO + C management provided 19.7% and 10.7%, greater growth in H and DC in relation to the conventionally adopted management SC+TC, thus achieving a gain in the management of ipê seedlings for urban afforestation. The second stage was the planting of seedlings, carried out on May 12, 2021, on the access road to the buildings of the Institute of Animal Science and the Institute of Technology at UFRRJ, in Seropédica/RJ. The hole were opened in the dimensions of 0.6 m in length, 0.6 m in width and 0.5 m in depth, with a volume of 180 liters. At this stage, the objective is to evaluate the potential for using biosolids as an organic component in the planting hole. The biosolid and the seedlings used were the same as in the previous step. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions, totaling the planting of 20 seedlings. Growth evaluations started at 60 days and were carried out up to 426 days after planting. The seedlings had a period of approximately 200 days to adapt to field conditions, with no growth until that date. At 426 days after planting, there was no effect on the growth and survival of H. impetiginosus seedlings due to the increase in the biosolid dose in the planting hole.
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12
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JÉSSICA DE SIQUEIRA NOBRE
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Bacterial survival time assessment diazotrophic species of forest species in peat inoculant.
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Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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EDERSON DA CONCEIÇÃO JESUS
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ELIANE MARIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
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Data: 30-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The use of natural resources to recover degraded areas, such as the interaction of microorganisms and plants, is not only an ecological alternative but also an economic one. Bacterial inoculation is one of the most practical ways to transfer rhizobia to the seed, besides reducing production costs by partially or totally eliminating the use of fertilizers, inoculants do not harm the environment. Although peat-based inoculants are produced and consumed on a large scale, the survival time of some bacteria in this medium is not yet known. This study aims to analyze the survival time of 11 strains efficient in biological nitrogen fixation for forest species monthly for approximately eight months. The selected 11 strains for the study will be cultivated and stored in Embrapa Agrobiology laboratories. The cell numbers of all 16 strains will be quantified monthly. It is intended with this work to determine the survival time of inoculated strains and the useful life of the inoculants produced and to stimulate further research on efficient strains in biological nitrogen fixation for forest species.
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13
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FÁBIO DE CARVALHO NASSER
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STUDY OF AREAS SUBJECT TO SEASONAL FLOODING IN CASSITERITE MINING AREAS IN RECOVERY PROCESS
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Líder : MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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MARCIO ROCHA FRANCELINO
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BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
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VALDINAR FERREIRA MELO
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Data: 31-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This work aimed to quantify and map areas affected by seasonal flooding located in deactivated cassiterite mines, apply remote and proximal sensing techniques for soil moisture and temperature measurements, assess whether mining activities have altered soil water dynamics. and if the area presents chemical and physical restrictions to plant development. Remote sensing techniques were used, through temporal analysis of indices such as NDWI and NDMI, in order to verify the dynamics of vegetation recovery, as well as the wetlands. In the Santa Maria and Serra da Onça sites, humidity and temperature sensors were installed in different soil depth profiles. Soils were collected for chemical analysis in order to verify any possible toxic agent from the mining activity. A GPR Soil Penetration Radar scan was also carried out to verify the saturation conditions of the soils. The use of remote sensing to obtain the NDWI and NDMI indexes, throughout the analyzed period, demonstrated that there is an evolution in the forest restoration process. Comparisons between the indices at different dates in the interval of four years, proved to be satisfactory for comparing the evolution of environmental recovery processes. As for the possible toxicity of chemical elements in the soil, in the Potosí sector, area 01 and area 3, the Pb values were above the prevention value, which indicates the possibility of harmful effects on soil and water quality. The ground penetration radar - GPR proved to be efficient in the relationship between predominant substrate and soil saturation in areas impacted by flooding, demonstrating the depth of the water table, as well as pockets of sedimentation arising from mining activity. In the monitoring sites, the areas presented a condition of water saturation in about 70% of the studied period, confirming the inappropriate environment for the adequate development for forest recovery.
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14
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LUAN DA SILVA FIGUEROA
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ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN AN ATLANTIC FOREST AREA RESTORED AFTER 30 YEARS
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Líder : SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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SERGIO MIANA DE FARIA
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MARCELO DA COSTA SOUZA
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GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
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LUIZ FERNANDO DUARTE DE MORAES
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Data: 05-sep-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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This study carried out in a reforestation área in the Atlantic Forest Biome located in the city of Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Its objectives were to characterize the vegetation, analysis of tree and regenerating community of soil and microorganisms present and their activity, in order to establish adequade criteria for its monitoring and management. For the study the sampling method by plots pf 100 m², allocated in the experimental área, na área of preserved secondary forest used as a positive reference, and a degraded área as a negative control. In the survey of floristic composition, 103 individuals were found, distribuited in 33 species, obtaining a Shannon (H’) diversity index of 3,03 and Pielou (J’) of 0,83. There was na influence oh depth on soil chemical analysis, indicating a positive influencer of litter onthe forest floor. For the microbiological variables, there was no significant diference between the treatments for the parameters microbial biomass and basal respiration, however reforestation showed a significant diference by the Tukey testa t 95% compared to the other áreas, for the variable FDA hydrolysis, which measured enzymatic activity between environments.
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15
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CLÁUDIA DOMINGOS TORRES
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Protected Areas: impacts on Conservation Units and implications for visitation.
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Líder : JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
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CAMILA GONCALVES DE OLIVEIRA RODRIGUES
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TERESA CRISTINA MAGRO LINDENKAMP
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Data: 21-sep-2022
Ata de defesa assinada:
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Protected areas are a portion of land and/or marine territory managed, through legal means, with the objective of protecting the biodiversity and the natural resources present in these spaces. The evolution of the discussions about Protected Areas has led to a hierarchical organization with different typologies, among which are the Conservation Units - UC. Brazil currently has 18.80% of its territory covered by Conservation Units. In 2020, the pandemic of COVID-19 was presented to the world, generating dramatic consequences in people's lives. There are indications that the pandemic of COVID-19 had implications for the management of UCs. During this period, protected areas in Europe were impacted. Brazilian protected areas were closed for public use for some periods, which did not prevent a record visitation in federal protected areas in the year 2021, when Brazil was still suffering serious consequences of the pandemic. This work was developed with the objective of evaluating the impacts of the pandemic on the management of three Parks and the implications of the pandemic on the visitation of Brazilian Conservation Units. Two questionnaires were applied. One of them was addressed to the management of Serra da Bocaina National Park - PNSB, Serra dos Órgãos National Park - PNSO and Itatiaia National Park - PNI, the other was applied through an online form, using the snowball method, addressed to visitors who were in the protected areas during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, receiving 319 answers. The findings of this study reveal that the pandemic situation has intensified threats and decreased environmental enforcement capacity. The results reveal that the PNSO, PNSB, and PNI were negatively impacted by the pandemic situation. The PNSO and the PNSB showed an increase in the occurrence of cases of conflicts related to the surroundings and a change in the pattern of the amount of visitation. There was a weakening of the PNSO and PNSB due to the reduction of the team dedicated to enforcement actions, adherence to remote work during the pandemic, and the increase in occurrences of environmental crimes in the PNSO and PNSB. The results show a change in the provision of financial resources in the PNSO and a decrease in the research conducted in the PNSO, PNSB and PNI. Despite this, the UCs helped to withstand the pandemic situation, contributing to the well-being and health of visitors and functioning as safe refuges where socialization was possible with reduced risks with emphasis on the Park category. In this study we discuss that a large system of Conservation Units, as is the case of Brazil, which has an area equivalent to about 5 territories of Italy in UCs, should have its potential for promoting human health used to face health crises. Considering that health crises such as that of COVID-19 may occur again in the future, it is necessary to use the lessons left by this moment in the planning and management of these areas so that they can be used strategically. This research supports the need for better implemented UCs so that these areas do not have their protection weakened in the face of new pandemics.
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16
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RAFAELA BARBOZA PACHECO
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Effects of tapir’s reintroduction on the restoration of ecological interactions in a biodiversity hotspot
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Líder : ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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MAURO GALETTI RODRIGUES
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LUCAS NAVARRO PAOLUCCI
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ALEXANDRA PIRES FERNANDEZ
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Data: 29-sep-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Currently, one of the most critical problems for biodiversity conservation is defaunation. Fauna species’ loss or population decline has led to the disruption of important ecological interactions for the maintenance of ecosystems. One way to remedy these losses has been the reintroduction of animal species. This conservation strategy is widely used not only for the restoration of animal populations that have become extinct, but also for the restoration of important ecological processes, such as those mediated by animal-plant interactions. The tapir (Tapirus terrestris), an important seed disperser, was absent from the Atlantic Forest of the state of Rio de Janeiro about 100 years ago. In 2017, the process of reintroduction of this species began in the Guapiaçu Ecological Reserve (REGUA), which uses both forested areas and more open habitats. Here, we evaluated whether tapir reintroduction can restore lost ecological interactions and has the potential to accelerate the regeneration of open areas in a protected area in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, it was (1) estimated the credit of ecological interactions promoted by the tapirs’ reintroduction in the area, (2) investigated the use of open areas and in the process of restoration by these animals and (3) compared the characteristics of seeds dispersed by tapirs with those of seeds dispersed by other important dispersers present in the region (Artibeus jamaicensis, Brachyteles arachnoides and Turdus rufiventris). We found 325 species of plants that may have their seeds dispersed by tapirs in the study area, belonging to 37 families and 88 genera. Eight out of nine individuals were recorded using 2 to 71% of REGUA's open areas (mean = 0.16±0.22). Compared with other seed dispersers in the region, the tapir had the greatest variation in the size of the seeds consumed and dispersed the greatest proportion (32.66%) of large seeds (>1.5 cm in diameter; for A. lituratus 13.51%, B. arachnoides 11.88% and T. rufiventris 0.74%). Our results show the potential importance of the species in seed dispersal in the region, especially for open areas undergoing restoration, to which the tapir can carry species characteristic of advanced successional stages, consumed in adjacent forested areas. Future studies should evaluate, in addition to the diet of these animals, their defecation patterns and seedling recruitment in open areas in order to characterize the real contribution of this species to natural regeneration in restored areas of REGUA.
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17
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MARIANA RIBEIRO VIEIRA
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Use of organic waste containers in the production of seedlings of Libidibia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul.
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Líder : JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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EDUARDO VINICIUS DA SILVA
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JOSE CARLOS ARTHUR JUNIOR
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MAGALI RIBEIRO DA SILVA
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Data: 25-oct-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Seeking to maintain the mechanical and ergonomic benefits of the tubes, and add the sustainability bias, reducing the use of plastic in the production chain, containers made of biodegradable materials are under development. The present work aimed to evaluate the growth of seminiferous seedlings of pau-ferro produced in containers of organic residues based on cellulose, coconut fiber and malt bagasse compared to seedlings produced in polypropylene container, at increasing doses of fertilization. Alternatively, the method of direct seeding in pots with organic waste containers using a water-retaining polymer was also evaluated. For the seedling production experiment, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with factor 1 being the containers (polypropylene, cellulose pulp, coconut fiber, malt bagasse and malt bagasse plus), and the factor 2 the percentage of recommended chemical fertilization (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). Each treatment consisted of five replications of 8 seedlings. From 30 to 120 days, the morphological parameters were evaluated: shoot height (H in cm), stem diameter (DC in mm), height-diameter ratio (H:DC), shoot dry matter mass ( MSPA in g seedling-1), root dry matter mass (MSR in g seedling-1), total dry matter mass (MST in g seedling-1), shoot dry mass per root dry mass ratio (MSPA :MSR) and Dickson's Quality Index (DQI). Concomitantly with the nursery experiment, direct sowing was carried out in pots, using the containers as a support for the seeds. The design used was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme, with factor 1 being the recipients (cellulose pulp, coconut fiber, malt bagasse and malt bagasse plus), and factor 2 being the presence or absence of incorporated water-retaining polymer. to the substrate. Each treatment consisted of five replications, totaling 40 pots. From 30 to 150 days, the parameters shoot height (H in cm) and neck diameter (DC in mm) were evaluated. By analysis of variance, all variables were significant in the interaction between fertilization and recipient factors. Through regression analysis, it was observed an increase of the same as the higher the fertilization percentage. Seedlings produced in containers of organic waste obtained growth and quality equal and in most variables, superior to seedlings produced in polypropylene container. The seedlings produced in the malt bagasse containers obtained better growth and quality than the other containers, being superior in most parameters, with the exception of H:DC, and fertilization levels, with the exception of 0 and 75%. In general, there was a linear to exponential response to the increase in fertilization in the different recipients for the variables measured, which may allow a reduction in the production time of the seedlings. The direct sowing method in the field, simulated in pots, proved to be an alternative to the conventional seedling production process, regardless of the type of container.
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18
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ROBERTO WALLYSON BARBOSA DE SOUSA MARINHO
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INSECT-PLANT RELATIONS IN URBAN ECOSYSTEMS: STATE OF THE ART AND PERCEPTION OF PROFESSIONALS IN URBAN ARBORIZATION.
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Líder : JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
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ALBERT LUIZ SUHETT
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CARLOS ALBERTO DOS SANTOS SOUZA
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Data: 03-nov-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Faced with the growing and rapid process of urbanization in recent decades, and the reduction of green areas in urban ecosystems that can somehow alter an entire environmental dynamic, much research has been developed within the scope of global urban ecology. Several studies have reported changes in environmental characteristics due to the urbanization process. These changes directly influence the habitat of the species and can alter the richness, composition and diversity of plants and insects, affecting the functioning of the urban ecosystem. However, it seems that in these studies carried out in urban ecology, little is said specifically about insects in urban ecosystems, except when they play the role of insect pest. From this hypothesis, this work seeks, through a systematic review, to map the world scientific production, identifying the research that has been developed in this area, the trends, the most relevant, emerging, and recurring themes, to compare them. with the empirical practices of professionals in urban afforestation in the country. The SCOPUS, Web of Science and SCIELO databases were used for the systematic review. In total, 53 articles were selected following the criteria determined in the methodology of this review. To assess the perception of professionals in urban forests in Brazil about insects in the cities, questionnaires were applied to 130 professionals interviewed, including biologists, agronomists, forestry engineers, environmental managers, and graduates in agricultural science, who work in different states of Brazil. Most professionals in urban forests in Brazil deal with issues related to insect and plant interactions, especially with species that can threaten the survival of trees. However, the bibliographic survey revealed a very small number of studies carried out in Brazil, which suggests the existence of a gap to be explored in future studies, mainly to help decision makers in the management of plants and insects in urban ecosystems.
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Tesis |
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1
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OCLIZIO MEDEIROS DAS CHAGAS SILVA
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RESPONSES OF ATLANTIC FOREST PLANT FERTILIZATION
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Líder : PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
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GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
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EVERALDO ZONTA
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IRAE AMARAL GUERRINI
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CLÁUDIA POZZI JANTALIA
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Data: 18-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In contributing to the recovery of Atlantic Forest forest ecosystems, the technique most often used in restoration projects is the planting of seedlings of native tree species. However, regarding the nutritional requirements of these species, there are still few studies. The objective of this work will be to evaluate the growth of seedlings of native forest species in field and in pots under doses of mineral fertilizers and sewage sludge biosolid. Three experiments will be set up, two in the field and the other in pots. The first experiment will be assembled in Cachoeira de Macacu - RJ, in Red Yellow Latosol, with sandy clay texture. Three tree species will be evaluated, generally used in the formation of stands for forest restoration and four treatments: 5 liters of biosolid per pit; organo-mineral fertilization N-P-K (03-13-06); mineral fertilizer N-P-K (05-27-10), as well as absolute control in a randomized block design, and three blocks, being the sampling unit composed of six plants. The second experiment will be installed and conducted in sandy soil in Seropédica - RJ. The tree species used will be Peltophorum dubium and Guazuma ulmifolia. The design will be randomized blocks, consisting of four treatments: doses of 2.5, 5 and 10 liters of biosolid per pit, and absolute control, in which each sample unit will be composed of six holes. Experiment III will be assembled under 18 liter pot conditions, in an experimental area in the municipality of Seropédica. An endoalic dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol with sandy clay texture will be used. Seven planting fertilization treatments will be tested, as well as control (eight) and six replications, in a completely randomized design using the Dalbergia nigra species. In the three experiments will be evaluated the height, diameter, crown area, root biomass of tree species and also soil characteristics in the region of planting pits.
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2
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AMANDA ARANTES JUNQUEIRA
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Timber potential of Brazilian native species in commercial plantation
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Líder : ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
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ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
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CAROLINA NOGUEIRA XAVIER
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GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
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NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
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Data: 23-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Currently, efforts are being made to contain the irrational exploitation of wood in natural areas. However, most efforts have focused on creating legislation aimed at curbing illegal logging and little effort has been focused on creating sustainable alternatives to meet the demand for wood from native species. Within this context, the silviculture of native species arises, which has the potential to produce native wood in a sustainable way and has as its main challenge the lack of information regarding the species and the behavior of these species in planting. Aiming to provide information about native species, the general objective of the work was to understand the behavior of young trees, under planting conditions. For this, dendrometric characteristics, physical properties and the behavior of the species in machining and sanding operations were evaluated. The species were evaluated in two distinct groups, the first group was composed of species with 50 months and planted in 2x4 spacing (Zeyheria tuberculosa - "ipê-felpudo", Cariniana legalis - "jequitibá-rosa" and Cordia trichotoma - "louro-pardo" ”), while the second group with species of 80 months and planted in 2x2 spacing (Astronium graveolens – “aroeira”, Anadenanthera peregrina – “angico-curtidor”, Parapiptadenia pterosperma – “angicovermelho”, Handroanthus serratifolius – “ipê-ovo” -de-macuco” and Dalbergia nigra – “jacarandá-caviúna”). All species of both groups showed good log quality and satisfactory sawnwood yield. For the first group, the jequitibá-rosa presented the highest apparent density and the ipê-felpudo presented the best results in the machining and sanding tests. For the second group, the species that presented the highest density was the ipê-ovo-de-macuco and the highest stabilities were reported for aroeira, angico-curtidor and jacarandá-caviúna, while for sanding and machining, the species with the best results was the angico-curtidor.
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3
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AUGUSTO CÉSAR GOMES NAGY
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Aspects of forest management and the ecological footprint of ayahuasca in the Region of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre.
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Líder : ACACIO GERALDO DE CARVALHO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDRE QUINET
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MARCO ANTONIO AMARO
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EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
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JARBAS MARCAL DE QUEIROZ
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JERONIMO BOELSUMS BARRETO SANSEVERO
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Data: 23-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Ayahuasca is a psychoactive tea used religiously, this tea is produced by cooking the beaten stem of the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (Griseb. in Mart.) C. V. Morton and leaves of the Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavón bush, heated with firewood. Sustainable management of forest products is one that respects the capacity of the ecosystem and conserving biodiversity. The religious use of this tea was prohibited and authorized in the 1980s, in Brazil, forest management was required in 1965, regulating it in 94 and 99 with the definition of principles and technical criteria for management, with the determination of bioproductivity, demands consumption and yield per product (vine and leaf). The regulation of religious use, in 2010, determined that user institutions must present a planting plan for self-sufficiency. The lack of scientific references for the production of ayahuasca can be seen in the prototyped processes, in terms of bioproductivity and pest and disease control practices. In the region of Cruzeiro do Sul-Acre, there are three main methods of preparing tea, the first cooks up to 10 times the plants in water, the second cooks up to 3 times with a wood stove, and the third differs from the second by using a industrial boiler, instead of the wood stove in a common pot. A borer and P. viridis were found in the region, causing terminal dryness of infected branches. In order to contribute to the conservation of forest resources used for the production of ayahuasca, with the generation of bioproductivity indices, with the evaluation of production methods and good practices to control the dry twig borer of P. viridis, this study is focuses on the main demands for information evidenced for the sustainable management of the resources used for the production of ayahuasca. Chapter 1 presents the compendium on good management practices for P. viridis, B. caapi and firewood used for the production of ayahuasca. ) and technical documents. Chapter 2 presents the ecological footprint of ayahuasca in the Cruzeiro do Sul Region, Acre, which calculates the bioproductivities of B. caapi, P. viridis and firewood production systems, originating from native and planted forests, establishing the relationships between the amount spent on each product and their respective bioproductivities, presenting the areas (hectares) of forests necessary for the production of vines, leaves and firewood to produce one liter of ayahuasca and one kilogram of the main active ingredients (dimethyltryptamine, harmala, harmaline and tetrahydroharmaline. Chapter 3 presents a literature review of the main methods or techniques for characterization and quantification of the main active ingredients, namely N,n-dimethyltryptamine, harmala, harmaline and tetrahydroharmaline. Chapter 4 presents the registration and characterization of occurrence of Xylosandrus compactus (Eicchof) in P. viridis, the charona dry twig borer, presenting the list of species with record of occurrence of this insect and management practices for control or combat.
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4
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RAQUEL DE OLIVEIRA SANTOS
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SOLUTIONS FOR THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO BASED ON CLIMATE DATA AND ORBITAL PRODUCTS: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH
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Líder : RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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DOUGLAS DA SILVA LINDEMANN
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MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
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RAFAEL COLL DELGADO
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RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES
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SADY JUNIOR MARTINS COSTA DE MENEZES
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Data: 26-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Atlantic Forest Biome is an important area for the protection of nature's biodiversity, being foreseen in the Atlantic Forest law as a world heritage of nature, as they serve as a stronghold for a variety of endemic species from different forest domains. Forest fires and climate change can compromise the maintenance of this area, putting ecosystem services at risk. Due to the importance of the Atlantic Forest and the negative impacts caused by forest fires, the present study aimed to carry out the modeling of forest fires in the Atlantic Forest Biome to assist in the monitoring and management of forest remnants. Meteorological and biophysical variables from 2001 to 2020 were used to model the past, present and future of vegetation in the State of Rio de Janeiro for different land use and land cover categories. For vegetation modeling, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model was used, applied to the Normalized Multiband Drought Index (NMDI) series of the observed (2001–2020) and future (2020–2040) time series. Spatial modeling of the Enhanced Vegetation Index ERJ series was performed during the periods of (2001–2020) and future (2021–2040) using the ARIMA model. Data from hotspots and EVI data were used to obtain the VC degradation index and the use of the innovative approach to monitoring the pasture. Past and future rainfall and mean air temperature data were also used in different scenarios (SSP126 and SSP585). The results indicate an increase in hotspots and an increase in the dry season during the period from 2021 to 2040. The trend analysis indicates a decrease in vegetation in the present and this is expected to intensify in the future (2020 to 2040). The future projection data indicate that the drought in the pasture area should intensify with the increase in temperature and reduction of rainfall. The Atlantic Forest biome is an area of extreme importance for the conservation of world biodiversity. The results found indicate the need to adopt public policies to protect this area from anthropic disturbances and climate change.
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5
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DANIELLE AFFONSO SAMPAIO
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Use of Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze. as potential for the production of secondary metabolites, natural adhesives and energy use.
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Líder : ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANANIAS FRANCISCO DIAS JUNIOR
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ERIKA DA SILVA FERREIRA
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GILMARA PIRES DE MOURA PALERMO
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NATALIA DIAS DE SOUZA
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ROBERTO CARLOS COSTA LELIS
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Data: 29-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze is a coniferous species from the Atlantic Forest that has economic, cultural and socio-environmental importance. Its seed, the pinhão, is a food of high nutritional value and appreciated since prehistoric times until the present day in Brazilian cuisine. The tegument of pinhão is a residue generated during the use of pinhão in Brazilian cuisine and presents a slow process of decomposition. However, the tegument of pinhão presents potential in the production of activated carbon; presents high concentration of condensed tannin and high antioxidant capacity. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of using residues from Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Ktze seeds, aiming at their potential for the production of secondary metabolites, natural adhesives and their use as an energy source. The seeds were obtained from plantations located in the Passa Quatro National Forest, located in the municipality of Passa Quatro - MG. The seeds were transported to the Wood Technology Laboratory of the Department of Forest Products (IF-UFRRJ) and peeled in order to separate the seed coat from the almonds. Seed residues were stored in an acclimatized room at 25ºC. Then, the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant capacity were performed. The material was also extracted with sodium sulfite to obtain tannins, which were evaluated for application in the form of adhesives on plywood. Seed residues were evaluated for energy characterization (thermogravimetric analysis, immediate chemical analysis of charcoal and higher calorific value). This work presents itself, therefore, as an alternative for the use of forest residues, enabling the reduction of environmental pollution and adding value to the raw material.
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6
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CAMILA SANTOS DA SILVA
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Association of Bertholletia excelsa fruit production with soil attributes in two native Brazil nut stands in the Western Amazon
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Líder : MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
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BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
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DEIVID LOPES MACHADO
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EMANUEL JOSE GOMES DE ARAUJO
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MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
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Data: 30-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The Brazil nut is one of the main extractive products of the Amazon. Its seeds have great economic value, being sources of income for extractive families. The availability of nutrients is a determining factor for the production of its fruits. The study of the spatial variability of soil attributes, through geostatistics, can help to understand the distribution of these variables, in addition to contributing to the management of this species. In addition, the application of multivariate statistics and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) make it possible to understand how soil attributes are correlated with fruit production and development. There are two native chestnut groves in the state of Acre, Cachoeira and Filipinas, about 30 km apart, with very different fruit production. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between plant occurrence, fruit production and the spatial variability of soil properties in different soil classes, and to investigate associations between fruit production and species development with the attributes of soil in two Brazil nut groves in the Western Amazon. The study was carried out in two plots in the two native chestnut groves. In each plot, soil profiles were identified, and 60 soil samples were collected. Chemical attributes, texture, soil and particle density and total porosity were determined. The average fruit production was calculated from the fruit count in a sample of Brazil nut trees. Subsequently, the trees were divided into three production classes: low (≤1.5 can), medium (1.6 to 3.9 cans) and high (≥4.0 cans). Geostatistics was performed to evaluate the spatial variability of soil attributes, factor analysis (FA) to associate vegetation variables with soil attributes, while Cluster analysis verified the similarity between soil properties and fruit production and DBH. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were adjusted to verify if the soil attributes explained the classes of fruit production. The highest occurrence of chestnut trees with high fruit production (≥4.0 cans) was found in the Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico argissólico e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico típico soil classes, in the latter being also observed chestnut trees with the lowest yields (≤1.5 can). In one of the parcels of the Filipinas (FP02) a greater number of properties with high spatial variability was verified in relation to the other areas. In Cachoeira, chestnut with the highest production, sand was positively associated with fruit production and DBH in FA and Cluster. In the Filipinas, chestnut with lower production, clay was correlated with fruit production in FA, while in the Cluster analysis, production was grouped with the clay and Cu variables. For the ANNs, a low percentage of correct answers was verified in Cachoeira, while in the Filipinas, there was a correct classification of fruit production classes through soil attributes, demonstrating that there is a difference in soil properties between production classes. In general, soil physical attributes were limiting factors for fruit production and/or greater occurrence of trees. In the Filipinas, low fruit production and greater spatial variability of soil attributes were observed in relation to Cachoeira. In general, higher production values were observed in soils with fair texture. In the Filipinas chestnut, the soil attributes were able to correctly classify the classes of fruit production.
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7
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THAYANNE CAROLINE CASTOR NETO
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Sensitivity of Terminalia catappa L. tree developed in an urban environment under intensive steel industry activity
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Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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JAIR FIGUEIREDO DO CARMO
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JOSÉ LUIS PENETRA CERVEIRA LOUSADA
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CLAUDIA FONTANA
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JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
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Data: 30-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Trees can efficiently intercept and accumulate elements that are suspended in the air and/or deposited on the ground through their structures. The present study aimed to evaluate the growth of trees of the species T. catappa developed in an urban environment of intense steelmaking activity and to determine the concentrations of metals accumulated in their wood, in the different periods of growth and in their bark. At least two wood samples were obtained from each tree with the aid of an increment auger, in the barkmedulla direction, through an incision in the trunk at a height of 1.30 m in relation to the ground. The elements Al, As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, and Zn were quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dendrochronological analysis of T. catappa indicated sensitivity to precipitation and temperature in an area most exposed to pollution since there were differences in growth. After chemical analysis, it was identified that arsenic and lead were the elements with the highest concentrations in wood and bark, respectively. Therefore, the possibility of analyzing the growth rings of the species T. catappa contributes to the realization of future dendrochronological studies, at different regional scales. In addition, the results of element concentrations are important for inferring past and current levels of air pollution.
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8
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MAILSON PEREIRA DE SOUZA
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Direct seeding and topsoil transposition in the revegetation of areas degraded by oil exploration in the Caatinga
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Líder : GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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IVONETE ALVES BAKKE
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ALEXANDER SILVA DE RESENDE
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GUILHERME MONTANDON CHAER
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JULIANA MULLER FREIRE
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PAULO SERGIO DOS SANTOS LELES
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Data: 31-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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In the last decades, the extraction of piçarra (subsoil material composed of silt, sand and gravel) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte has occurred in numerous deposits to serve the construction of access roads and foundations for the installation of structures used for the onshore oil and gas exploration and production. Areas where the piçarra was extracted or used have a low capacity to self-recover after the decommissioning of the exploration structures, demanding human interventions to help the ecosystem recover its resilience capacity. Some revegetation strategies in these areas, evaluated in previous studies, showed that it is possible to succeed in the functional restoration of these environments. The thesis was divided into three chapters and its general objective is to evaluate the efficiency of techniques for applying topsoil, planting seedlings and direct seeding for the revegetation of degraded areas. The first chapter aimed to compare the establishment of 15 native tree species planted in areas that received or not topsoil in the total area and mulching of carnauba bagana (residue from the extraction of wax from the leaves of Copernicia prunifera) in the crown of planted seedlings. The results showed that topsoil was efficient in promoting the ground cover with herbaceous vegetation, while the planting of seedlings, with the protection of mulchig, was efficient in promoting the establishment of tree species in the area. Of the 15 species evaluated, the species Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Piptadenia retusa, Erythrina velutina, Cenostigma bracteosum, Jatropha molissima and Tabebuia aurea stood out for their high survival and growth, indicating potential to be used in the revegetation of areas degraded by extraction. of piçarra. The second chapter evaluated the diversity and density of propagules from the soil seed bank in areas adjacent to four degraded areas in the biome. In the total of samples evaluated, 91 species from 29 botanical families were identified. The highest propagule densities and species richness were associated with samples collected during the rainy season in areas with vegetation with a lower degree of conservation. The seed bank in the soil of the studied areas was composed predominantly by species of herbaceous habit. It was concluded that the seed bank from areas with native vegetation close to areas degraded by oil and gas exploration and production activities in the Caatinga has the potential to be used in the revegetation process, especially through nucleation techniques that demand low volume of water. ground. The third chapter evaluated the efficiency of direct seeding of eight tree species from the Caatinga in an area degraded by piçarra extraction, as a function of breaking dormancy and the use of hydrogel in seeding cradles. The application of hydrogel in the planting cradle did not affect the germination or emergence speed of the evaluated species. However, dormancy breaking treatment positively influenced the germination rate and emergence speed of the species M. caesalpiniifolia, Libidibia ferrea, E. contortisiliquum. In general, the species that showed the greatest potential for use in direct seeding for revegetation of degraded areas under the conditions studied were E. contortisiliquum, Piptadenia moniliformis, L. ferrea, M. caesalpiniifolia and M. tenuiflora.
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9
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FÁBIO HENRIQUE DELLA JUSTINA DO CARMO
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Radial growth and technological properties of Tectona grandis Linn f. against climatic variations and the occurrence of El Niño event in the Amazon.
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Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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ALEXANDRE MONTEIRO DE CARVALHO
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BRUNO ARAUJO FURTADO DE MENDONCA
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CAROLINA NOGUEIRA XAVIER
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GRAZIELA BAPTISTA VIDAURRE
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Data: 31-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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The conditions of the environment where the plants are located affect their growth. During the plant development, resources assimilation allows the plant to invest in growth, reproduction, protection, etc. For some tree species, this information is documented in the growth rings, which represent a relative measure of their annual growth and may infer about the operation of the tree for the next periods. From this information documented in the growth rings it is possible to study the responses/strategies of plants in an environment driven by climate change. Climate change have a direct relationship with the occurrence of extreme weather events, such as El Niño, responsible for increasing temperature and reducing precipitation in various parts of the world, including the Amazon region. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the effect of climate and the occurrence of El Niño event (2015/2016) on the growth and technological properties of the wood of Tectona grandis Linn f.. We used 60 young trees, aged 12 years, from a plantation located in the southeast region of the state of Pará. The trees were sampled by destructive technique, removing discs at different heights of the stem (base, 1.0, 4.1, 7.2 and 10.3 meters). The discs from the base were used to measure the tree-ring width and to evaluate the wood anatomy. Also, the apparent density per ring, was analyzed using the discs from the base and other heights. Allied to the study of growth rings, remote sensing tools were used to contribute to the understanding of tree responses to climate. We used images from the MODIS sensor to obtain the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) and from landsat-8 satellite to obtain the CO2 flux. The NDVI was used to extract phenological metrics of Start, Peak, End and Length of the growing season, considering the amplitude of its values, for each growth period, to define each of these metrics. To assess the influence of the El Niño event, we considered the pre-El Niño (2012 and 2013), El Niño (2014 and 2015) and post-El Niño (2016 and 2017) periods. Both GPP and CO2 flux were used to better understand the tree's responses regarding biomass accumulation during the El Niño event. The study showed that radial growth, length of growth season, size of vessel elements and wood density were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature, especially in the initial months of growth season. The El Niño event negatively affected the radial growth, the vessel element size and biomass accumulation. In addition, it was observed that the length of the previous growth season negatively affected the current radial growth. Thus, our study demonstrated the acclimatization of the species to the climate and that, in addition to directly affecting productivity, the climate can also affect the growth of the next season.
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10
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POLIANE PEREIRA DE SOUZA
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EVALUATION OF THE COLLAPSE OCCURRENCE IN WOOD DRYING
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Líder : JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ANNA CAROLINA DE ALMEIDA ANDRADE
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EDVA OLIVEIRA BRITO
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JOAO VICENTE DE FIGUEIREDO LATORRACA
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JONNYS PAZ CASTRO
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JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
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Data: 31-ago-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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Drying the wood is an important step for its use in several purposes, when well conducted, guarantees a high quality final product. However, drying is characterized as a delicate process for some species. Defects from drying stresses may occur, reducing the quality and value of this wood. The collapse is one of the major defects and it occurs predominantly at the beginning of this process. The study of this defect is justified, considering the wide occurrence, the need to delve into the causes of its occurrence and the possibility of using methods to predict regions with predisposition to collapse. For this work five species will be evaluated, one of them with known predisposition to this defect. The work is divided into chapters for a more detailed exploration of the theme. The first chapter aims to use near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) as a tool to predict collapse in wood, in this chapter five species will be studied. The second chapter will be performed with the species Eucalyptus pellita correlating the ultrastructural mechanical resistance of the cell parade and the occurrence of collapse in the same, by nanoindentation analysis. The third chapter proposes the accomplishment of the collapse model for Eucalyptus pellita, as well as, to obtain the drying curve of the wood, to estimate the loss of area by collapse and the critical point of deformation for each position sampled.
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11
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FRANCISCO ANTONIO LOPES LAUDARES
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EFFECTS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL TREATMENT ON THE ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND EXOTIC WOOD
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Líder : ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
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MIEMBROS DE LA BANCA :
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ALEXANDRE MIGUEL DO NASCIMENTO
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MARCELO AZEVEDO NEVES
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RENATA NUNES OLIVEIRA
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DJEISON CESAR BATISTA
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JUAREZ BENIGNO PAES
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Data: 27-oct-2022
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Resumen Espectáculo
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the objective of this research was to determine the physical, mechanical and acoustic characteristics of two native and exotic wood species, Cordia goeldiana Huber. (True Freijó) and Simarouba loved Aubl. (Marupá), before and after undergoing processes of physical-chemical alterations. In these treatment processes, thermal actions were used at low temperatures (<200°C) in previously dimensioned, cut and acclimatized specimens. For the treatments, an autoclave was used at a temperature of 120°C and a pressure of 1.2 kgf.cm2, in humid treatments with water vapor, and an electric vacuum oven at temperatures of 120°, 150° and 180°C, in the case of dry treatments. Before the autoclave treatment, part of the marupá and freijó woods were soaked in water and then steamed. After the treatments, their effects on hygroscopicity, dimensional stability, specific dynamic modulus (Edin/ρ), logarithmic decrement (LD), acoustic conversion efficiency (ECA) and speed of sound were evaluated (vsom). In order to evaluate the behavior of these quantities, non-destructive mechanical vibration tests were used, using the impulse excitation technique. After vibrational tests, the samples were tested in bending, using the universal testing machine, and creep, to know the elastic and plastic properties, as well as strength and stiffness. A colorimetric analysis was performed on the heat treated samples and compared with the control samples. The CIE color system was used to classify the samples. The FTIR-ATR technique allowed to distinguish the functional groups of the wood samples, before and after the treatments, and thus to qualitatively evaluate the modification caused by the treatments. After the treatments, the physical, mechanical and acoustic properties of the samples were evaluated and their responses to the treatments were verified. Physical properties: apparent densities, as well as equilibrium moisture contents, of marupá and freijó woods were reduced for all treatments; volumetric swelling measurements were performed, the lowest being that of steamed and immersed freijó wood treated at 180°C; The anisotropy coefficient was lower for steamed and immersed freijó wood treated at 120°C. Mechanical properties: The specific dynamic modulus was increased for both species depending on the treatment, with the best results being for freijó wood; Acoustic properties: The transverse and longitudinal frequencies for both species increased depending on the treatment; The transversal and longitudinal logarithmic decrement were reduced for both species depending on the treatment, with the best results for freijó wood; The transverse and longitudinal acoustic conversion efficiency (ECA) had significant increases for both species; Transverse and longitudinal speed of sound increased for both species. Qualitative chemical evaluation: The FTIR contributed to the understanding of the chemical modification of wood in relation to heat treatments. In general, the heat treatments had positive effects in modifying the characteristics of marupá and freijó wood, but the freijó response to the treatments was better.
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