Banca de DEFESA: EDUARDO CARVALHO RAMOS

Uma banca de DEFESA de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : EDUARDO CARVALHO RAMOS
DATE: 22/02/2024
TIME: 09:00
LOCAL: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária/CNPAB
TITLE:

Fertilization with fermented meal compounds produced from agricultural plant residues in the organic cultivation of beet cultivars

KEY WORDS:

Agroecology; cocoa bean shell; baru fruit husk; cupuassu cake; Gliricidia sepium leaf

PAGES: 89
BIG AREA: Ciências Agrárias
AREA: Agronomia
SUBÁREA: Fitotecnia
SPECIALTY: Manejo e Tratos Culturais
SUMMARY:

Fertilization is essential in the organic management of vegetables aiming to enhance commercial competitiveness of the products. Fermented compounds formulated with vegetable, agricultural, or agro-industrial residues are sources of interest for this purpose. The advantages of using these compounds are due to the availability and regional distribution of residues, ease of preparation, and low ecotoxicological risks in handling and application. In light of the above, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the phytotechnical performances, under organic production regime, of two beet cultivars, Early Wonder Tall Top and Pinot, associated with fertilization with formulations of fermented meal compounds of the "bokashi" type. The formulations tested were obtained by mixing agricultural and agro-industrial vegetable residues such as cocoa bean husk meal (FC), baru fruit husk meal (FB), cupuaçu cake (FCp) individually combined with Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (FG), replacing wheat bran meal (FT) and castor bean meal (FM), respectively. The work was conducted in three stages: The 1st, conducted under laboratory conditions, aimed to establish manufacturing protocols and proceed with the physicochemical and chemical characterization of the fermented compounds, consisting of 20 treatments, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) distributed in a factorial arrangement with three energy sources - ES (FC, FB, FCp) x two complementary sources - CS (FM and FG) x three formulations (20% ES:40% FT:40% CS; 40% ES:20% FT:40% CS; 60% ES:0% FT:40% CS) + two controls containing mixtures of FT (60%) and CS (40%). The formulations were prepared by mixing the raw materials inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae added in aqueous solution (Embiotic®), followed by conditioning and compacting in immediately closed jars kept in an incubation room with controlled temperature for 21 days. Then, the jars were opened, and samples of the compounds were taken for determination of electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and moisture content, as well as contents of C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg. The 2nd stage aimed to estimate the N supply capacity of the compounds made in the previous stage and consisted of conducting a bioassay, installed in a greenhouse, with samples of soil from a Planosol placed in plastic tubes, with black oat (Avena strigosa) as the indicator species, grown for 45 days; to the aforementioned treatments were added a control without organic fertilizer; one with synthetic N source (urea); and one with FM, totaling 23, arranged in CRD. The N dose applied was standardized at 250 mg dm-3 of soil. The evaluations consisted of total dry biomass production of the plants; total N content and the proportion of N recovered in the respective treatments. The 3rd stage, conducted under field conditions, at Fazendinha Agroecológica Km 47, Baixada Fluminense, involved two beet cultivars, mentioned earlier, fertilized with formulations chosen from the 2nd stage, namely: 20% FC:40% FT:40% FG; 40% FC:20% FT:40% FG; 60% FC:0% FT:40% FG; in addition to a treatment containing 60% FT:40% FG, one with 60% FT:40% FM and a control (absence of fertilization), totaling six treatments, arranged in CRD with subdivided plots; the evaluated variables consisted of physical-chemical and phytotechnical characteristics, including root tuber productivity and commercial classes. It was evident that all ES studied provided fermented meal compounds with suitable characteristics for use as fertilizers, with essential nutrient contents varying due to ES and mixture composition. In the bioassay, all compounds formulated with FB and FC combined with FM provided N recovery efficiency similar to the compound analogous to a standard (60% FT:40% FM), and formulations containing FB, as well as the formulation 60% FC:0% FT:40% FM did not differ in N recovery from the synthetic source (urea). It is worth noting that, despite the results of the bioassay using FG as an ingredient in the formulation of fermented compounds, in substitution for FM, not showing superiority in N recovery efficiency, this complementary source adds positive aspects both environmentally and in terms of human handling. In stage III, conducted under field conditions, it is highlighted that the compounds selected earlier (Stage II), formulated with FC combined with FG, are capable of partially or fully replacing those containing FT as ES, without impairing agronomic efficiency in the organic cultivation of Early Wonder Tall Top and Pinot beet cultivars in the climatic conditions of Baixada Fluminense.

COMMITTEE MEMBERS:
Presidente - ***.371.857-** - JOSÉ GUILHERME MARINHO GUERRA - EMBRAPA
Interna - 1213072 - MARGARIDA GORETE FERREIRA DO CARMO
Externo à Instituição - PAULO HENRIQUE DE LIMA