Banca de DEFESA: CAMILA FERREIRA MATOS

Uma banca de DEFESA de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : CAMILA FERREIRA MATOS
DATA : 28/02/2020
HORA: 08:30
LOCAL: Departamento de Solos
TÍTULO:

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGAS AND BOVINE DIGESTATE AND THE EFFECT OF THEIR APPLICATION ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND ON SOIL N-NH3 LOSSES

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Anaerobic digestion. Biodigester. Agricultural wastes.

PÁGINAS: 120
GRANDE ÁREA: Ciências Agrárias
ÁREA: Agronomia
SUBÁREA: Ciência do Solo
ESPECIALIDADE: Química do Solo
RESUMO:

Milk production in Brazil stands out as one of the main agricultural activities. However, the intensification of this production system results in large concentrations of solid and liquid residues, which are often applied to crops without previous treatment, which can cause soil degradation (salinization, contamination by heavy metals and pathogenic organisms), air pollution (emission of gases that cause greenhouse effect) and aquifers (eutrophication of rivers). In order to avoid these problems, it is recommended that stabilization of the residues, which are normally fresh dumps, be carried out before applying them to the soil. One way is the anaerobic degradation of organic matter that stands out from other treatments for generating, as a final product, biogas and digestate. The first chapter of this work aimed to evaluate the effect of anaerobic digestion of bovine manure, from the organic production system, at different times of hydraulic retention (HRT). Prototypes of batch supply bench biodigestors were built. The treatments consisted of different HRT: T0 - fresh bovine manure, without going through the anaerobic digestion process; T15; T30; T45; T60; T75; T90 and T240 - bovine manure after 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 240 days of anaerobic digestion, respectively. After the stabilization of the manure, which was verified only after 90 days of anaerobic digestion (T90), the digestate was used as organic fertilizer for the cultivation of corn. In the second chapter, the effect of the digestate on corn productivity and the potential for its use as a biofertilizer were evaluated, in comparison with mineral fertilizer (urea). Losses of N-NH3 from bovine digestate and nitrogen fertilizer were also monitored. Eight treatments and four replications were evaluated, totaling 32 experimental units in a completely randomized design, namely: T0: control, T1: nitrogenous mineral fertilization (urea, 20 kg ha-1), T2: nitrogenous mineral fertilization (urea, 40 kg ha -1), T3: nitrogenous mineral fertilization (urea, 80 kg ha-1), T4: nitrogenous mineral fertilization (urea, 120 kg ha-1), T5: organic fertilization (bovine digestate, 20 t ha-1), T6 : organic fertilization (bovine digestate, 40 t ha-1), T7: organic fertilization (bovine digestate, 80 t ha-1), T8: organic fertilization (bovine digestate, 120 t ha-1). Finally, the third chapter was the evaluation of the quantity and quality of the biogas resulting from the anaerobic digestion process of bovine manure, swine manure and swine-bovine mixture (co-digestion). To carry out the experiment, prototypes of biodigesters supplied were used, only once, with the treatments mentioned above. To calculate the biogas production potential, weekly production data were used in relation to the amounts of substrate, total solids and volatile solids. The analysis of the chemical composition of biogas was carried out by means of gas chromatography and the fractions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were identified.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 1740899 - ERIKA FLAVIA MACHADO PINHEIRO
Interno - 1060711 - MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA
Externo ao Programa - 3146583 - LUAN SOUSA DOS SANTOS
Externo à Instituição - DAVID VILAS BOAS DE CAMPOS - EMBRAPA
Externo à Instituição - EDNALDO DA SILVA ARAÚJO - EMBRAPA