Valorization of the Aqueous Residue from Essential Oil Distillation and the Hydrolate of Varronia curassavica Jacq. (Cordiaceae): Chemical and Biotechnological Potential
waste valorization, Varronia curassavica (erva-baleeira), by-products, bioactivity
The essential oil market in Brazil is one of the largest in the world. In the distillation process, in addition to the essential oil, by-products such as hydrolate and residual distillation water are generated. The hydrolate is the aqueous fraction of the distilled product, while the residual water—usually discarded—is rich in non-volatile compounds extracted from the plant matrix. Both the hydrolate and the residual water, which are commonly discarded, can be used to obtain other valuable compounds. This sustainable valorization approach becomes even more attractive when working with native species such as Varronia curassavica Jacq. (erva-baleeira). Recent studies confirm the potential value of these materials and highlight the need for further research. The aim of the project is to evaluate the bioactive and biotechnological potential of the hydrolate and residual water produced after the distillation of V. curassavica, with the goal of identifying compounds of interest and proposing sustainable strategies for valorizing these by-products. The specific objectives are: to chemically characterize the residues using appropriate analytical methods (HPLC-DAD, GC-MS, spectrophotometry); to assess biological activity against agriculturally relevant fungi; and to evaluate antioxidant capacity using different methodological approaches (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP). Expected outcomes include the detailed chemical profile, determination of antifungal potential, and quantification of antioxidant capacity. The broader final outcome is the generation of scientific knowledge to support sustainable valorization strategies for these by-products, adding value to residues from the production chain and contributing to the principles of circular economy and green chemistry.