Characterization of the Geoprópolis Produced by Melipona Bees in Rio de Janeiro: Physical-Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity
and Chemometric AnalysisNative bees, polyphenols, biomarker, HPLC-DADBrazilian geopropolis is a specific variation of propolis made by native bees, or stingless bees, which consists of a mixture of different vegetable resins with earth or clay found in the hive's territory. Studies involving this natural matrix, initiated in the 1990s, show a great wealth of substances with great biological potential, but so far it is notable that in comparison with other matrices of Brazilian propolis, there is a lack of consistent data describing the chemical profile of this natural product, with the identification of biomarkers and their correlation with botanical origin. The species that belong to the genus Melipona are very well distributed throughout the national territory, being the geopropolis of these bees the most common in scientific works, mainly in the North and Northeast regions. In the Southeast region, the most found species of meliponines are known as bees Mandaçaia (M. quadrifasciata), Uruçu-Amarelo (M. rufiventris) and Guaraipo (M. bicolor) and among them only the geopropolis produced by Mandaçaia presents chemical composition data in literature. The scarcity of these data on geopropolis, especially produced in this region, is even more evident for bees native to Rio de Janeiro. Many studies show that the chemical profile of the geopropolis has markers that can describe its origin and phytogeographic characteristics, contributing to the typification of this natural product. Considering the lack of studies describing the chemical composition and biological properties of the geopropolis produced in the Southeast region of Brazil, this project aims to contribute to a broader understanding of this matrix through the physical and chemical characterization of samples produced by the genus Melipona in Rio de Janeiro.