The category "family farming" in Brazil: disputes and meanings from a sociological perspective
family farming; political category; theoretical currents in the countryside processes of institutionalization
The category "family farming" was institutionalized in Brazil in 1995 through the launch of the National Program to Strengthen Family Farming (PRONAF), as one of the results of the historical itinerary of political demands arising from this broad sector in the country. In the field of translating these demands are trade union organizations, social movements, political parties, scientists, public policy makers, who mobilize more or less explicit theoretical-conceptual currents about the development of capitalism in the countryside. If its institutionalization gives the categories "peasant", "small producer" or "rural worker" a value that was previously denied, the dimensions that define it - management, income, work relations and size of area - bring together a diversity of situations and substantial differences, which leave out important particularities in the Brazilian context. In terms of public policy results, the main actions tend to concentrate their resources on the same beneficiary group that is best adapted to these criteria, centralizing the scope of government actions in rural credit schemes. With this in mind, we hypothesize that the innovative valorization of this social category is accompanied, on the one hand, by a reconfiguration of its role in development projects and, on the other, by the maintenance of the country's conservative agrarian structuring model. Based on a sociological approach to the category of family farming as an object of analysis, the research aims to shed light on the transit between theoretical concepts and political categories that operationalize acts of state endowed with a particular capacity to produce effects in the social world.