Memory, identity and peasant resistance in Pedra Lisa, Rio de Janeiro
land conflicts, peasantry, Brazilian military government, dictatorship
The main intention of this work is to analyze how the process of social construction of memory takes place in the region of Pedra Lisa, located in the countryside of the cities of Nova Iguaçu and Japeri, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which went through intense land conflicts in the decades of 1950 and 1960 and political repression during the military dictatorship. In these decades, the region's association of rural workers was engaged both in a judicial and armed struggle against attempts of forced displacement carried out by farmers and land grabbers, making articulations with the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB), the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the Brazilian Labor Party (PTB), unions, the progressive local press and a state federation of rural workers. After a process of political persecution and repression in the decades of 1960 and 1970, carried out by the military, which consisted in arrestments, kidnappings, physical aggressions, murders, torture and the destruction of the association's headquarters, houses and crops, the peasant political mobilization returned to this region only in the decade of 1980, inspired by the liberation theology, in the context of the end of the military dictatorship, involving former actors and continuing past conflicts. Nowadays we find in Pedra Lisa multiple agents of elaboration and interpretation of this memory under an identity and mnemonic dispute. Categories such as “peasant”, “invader”, “land grabber”, “squatters”, “communists”, “military coup”, and “revolution” are within a dispute both of identity and memory. Thus, through an ethnographic and historical documental analysis of the region's land conflicts, we seek to comprehend the social memory dynamics of multiple agents in this rural community.