Viability of customized implant production for fracture correction in birds by 3D printing
polymer, osteosynthesis, finite elements, carijó hawk, humerusCorrection of fractures in birds presents several challenges, ranging from the size of the species to the affected bone. Fractures in pneumatic bones, such as the humerus, can cause major complications for the animal, as they play an important role in thermoregulation and flight and, therefore, require precise treatment. Still, for the bone in question, anatomical peculiarities, such as the helical shape and the little tissue coverage over the bone, can favor greater surgical complications. Fixation methods for avian fractures are challenging and constantly improving. A large diameter medullary canal and a thin, hard cortical bone increase the risk of iatrogenic fractures during the osteosynthesis procedure. To assist in the diagnosis, planning and treatment of challenging cases, new technologies have been used in veterinary medicine, allowing difficult-to-resolve problems to be increasingly studied and solutions to be developed from computer programs and three-dimensional impressions, contributing, by example, in the customization of orthopedic implants to an animal or a species. To complement the study and development of orthopedic implants, finite element technology can be applied, through a computer program, helping to improve the implants and predicting and verifying possible results that can be confirmed through universal testing. Finite elements allow mechanical tests to be performed repeatedly, considering different situations, correcting possible flaws in implants before they are made, avoiding repetitive physical tests and preserving study material, such as acquired cadavers. Based on computational tests, a previously developed polymeric plate was tested and the model, after being validated, was sent for printing in polycaprolactone (PCL), for future biomechanical three-point bending test. The choice of PCL for the manufacture of orthopedic implants is justified by the low cost of the polymer (compared to the materials already used for the production of implants) and the growing access to the material and three-dimensional printers to surgeons worldwide, aiming to spread knowledge about the planning and printing of implants by each surgeon, so that it can be tailored to the patient and type of fracture.