Pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism
cortisol, adrenal, cough, dyspnea.
Spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive cortisol production by the adrenal cortex. Excess cortisol can cause dysfunction in different organ systems such as the urinary, hepatic, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratory systems. However, the respiratory system commonly suffers from understudied complications. Several mechanisms are involved in the clinical manifestations associated with the respiratory system. Glucocorticoids promote: i) weakness of respiratory muscles; ii) accumulation of thoracic and abdominal fat; iii) hepatomegaly; iv) occurrence of dystrophic mineralization in different segments of the respiratory system and; vi) pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, it can predispose to pulmonary thromboembolism due to the increase in coagulation factors. Clinical manifestations such as cough, dyspnea, cyanosis and exercise intolerance are commonly observed in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism. Diagnosis of spontaneous HAC can be made by the low-dose dexamethasone suppression test or by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. The diagnosis of pulmonary alterations, on the other hand, can be evidenced by means of chest radiography or chest computed tomography. Aiming to determine the most frequent pulmonary abnormalities in dogs with HAC and their pulmonary consequences, and for that 50 dogs with HAC will undergo physical examination and chest x-ray.