Use of bevacizumab in topical solution in the treatment of hemangiomatous ocular lesions, pigmentary keratitis, and cicatricial granuloma in the cornea of dogs
Ophthalmology, bevacizumab, antiangiogenesis, neovascularization.
The cornea is the outermost structure of the eye. Its transparency and avascularity are vital for normal vision. It is actively maintained by the expression of anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic factors. Corneal neovascularization is caused by inflammatory, infectious, degenerative, and traumatic diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) provides a growth function of vascular cells and endothelial vessels and consequent formation of small as part of the healing process. Bevacizumab acts by blocking VEGF-A and inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels. Corticosteroid therapy and the use of immunomodulators are therapeutic choices in clinical practice, but they are not always effective.In this study, 34 dogs were included, regardless of sex and breed, aged between 1 and 14 years, diagnosed with ophthalmic diseases that course with corneal neovascularization, such as dry keratoconjunctivitis, pigmentary keratitis, cicatricial granuloma and other hemangiomatous lesions. These dogs were divided into 4 groups of up to 20 eyes each (G1 - bevacizumab; G2 –corticotherapy; G3 - immunomodulators and G4 - corticotherapy + immunomodulator). The bevacizumab will be used as a topical solution (2.5mg/ml), 2 times a day, for up to 4 months.The efficacy was evaluated in comparison with corticotherapy and the use of immunomodulators, through careful and periodic ophthalmic examinations.Given the limitations of the study, with dogs with non-standardized corneal neovascularization being recruited and with different treatment duration for each case, the use of topical bevacizumab proved to be an effective form of therapy in reducing corneal vascularization, as was the use of topical corticotherapy.