Necropsy findings related to the death of black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) (1979-2024)
Leontopithecus chrysopygus, veterinary pathology, diagnosis, histopathology.
Black lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) are neotropical primates originally found in the Atlantic rainforest of the state of São Paulo. The primate species discussed in this study is considered one of the most endangered in the world. This primate species has suffered population declines due to habitat destruction and little information is available on the causes of death of L. chrysopygus. The aim of this study is to describe the pathological findings and causes of death of these primates, based on necropsies carried out at the Primatology Center of Rio de Janeiro and histopathological examinations carried out at the Pathological Anatomy Sector of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Between 1979 and 2024, 77 necropsies of black lion tamarins were carried out. The main causes of death were associated with the digestive system, followed by respiratory and renal disorders. The main microscopic findings related to the causes of death were pneumonia (12/77), enteritis (9/77) and interstitial nephritis (6/77). A conclusive diagnosis was possible in 46.7% (36/77) of the cases. Of these, 41.6% (15/36) were classified as inflammatory causes with no etiological agent identified, followed by 22.2% (8/36) of parasitic origin. Renal diseases accounted for 16.6% (6/36), while trauma was responsible for 8.3% (3/36) of the cases. Bacterial diseases accounted for 5.5% (2/36). Viral and neoplastic diseases accounted for 2.77% (1/36) each. Recording the mortality and microscopic findings of species under management is essential for understanding and supporting the conservation of these populations, improving management and care strategies, as well as being crucial for public health, due to the potential risk of transmitting zoonoses.