PROPOSALS FOR TECHNIQUES FOR SPACE AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF FAVORABILITY AREAS FOR LEPTOSPIROSIS IN THE CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO/RJ, 2007-2017
Leptospirosis; spatial analysis; GIS;
Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of global importance in medicine and veterinary, caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira spp. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the health sector is conducive and has been adopted by health professionals as an important tool in spatial health analysis. In this work we tried to show, firstly, through systematic review, by choosing national and international articles, the main GIS techniques employed in scientific studies on identification areas of risk for leptospirosis in the last 20 years, in order to visualize the multidisciplinary evolution in the research area. Then, the identification areas of risk for leptospirosis in the city of Rio de Janeiro was sought through the use of GIS and the application of spatial statistics on confirmed leptospirosis case data. The western and northern zones of the city of Rio de Janeiro were more vulnerable to the occurrence of leptospirosis. Despite the increasing progress in the use of GIS coupled with spatial analysis techniques in the Brazilian academic environment, there is still a need for greater incorporation of spatial statistics in the áreas of human and animal health within the theme of this study. The use of these tools in this study enable the generation of cartographic products rich in information and easy to understand, and that allow subsidizing the actions of the sectores responsible for the control and prevention of leptospirosis in the study municipality