Characterization of the sialotranscriptome and differential gene expression of the main signaling pathways involved in the humoral immune response in the intestine of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to Theileria equi infection
equine piroplasmosis; tick immune response; tick-protozoan interactions; vector-pathogen relationship.
Theileria equi is a protozoan that infects horses, persists throughout the animal's life, and is challenging to eliminate from the organism through the use of drugs indicated to treat the disease, making it evident that preventive measures are of paramount importance in equine breeding. The tick Rhipicephalus microplus is the only tick species known as a biological vector of T. equi for horses in Brazil, proven by experimental studies. The vector competence of ticks is closely linked to the ability of pathogens to evade tick defense mechanisms. Thus, understanding the molecular and cellular interactions at the tick-pathogen interface may provide new targets for blocking the transmission of T. equi by R. microplus and other fundamental metabolic pathways for the infection, multiplication, and persistence of T. equi in the tick. Due to the lack of information on the mechanisms involved in the tick-pathogen interaction, the present study aimed to seek greater knowledge about: the transcriptional profile of the salivary gland of R. microplus in response to T. equi infection; and also the differential expression of participants of signaling pathways that act in the immune defense of the tick gut when challenged with T. equi under experimental conditions. The data generated significantly contribute to the advancement of scientific knowledge, as they provide genetic and molecular information of high technological value for exploration in many other studies for the parasite mentioned above.