Comparison of different techniques for the diagnosis of otitis media in asymptomatic cats
otitis, otitis media, diagnosis, feline, asymptomatic
Otitis, by definition, is inflammation of the ear canal and can be classified into external, middle and internal otitis. Otitis externa is a term used when only the outer canal, outside the tympanic membrane, is involved. When the eardrum and the tympanic bulla are affected, the term otitis media is used. Internal otitis involves damage to the hearing aid. Otites in cats may in general be a challenging clinical problem for every veterinarian as well as for the guardian of these animals as they may be asymptomatic or their clinical signs are difficult to recognize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of otitis media in asymptomatic cats through simple x - ray examination and ultrasonography of the tympanic buckles, conventional otoscopy and video fibroscopy, as well as to compare the diagnostic value of these techniques. Eighty-four ears of 40 asymptomatic cats from the Experimental Chemotherapy laboratory in Veterinary Parasitology (LQEPV-UFRRJ) were examined. In order to perform the diagnostic tests, there was a need for sedation of these animals. The results demonstrated that among the techniques tested, conventional otoscopy should be discouraged as the only diagnostic method due to the high incidence of the presence of cerumen blocking the visualization of the tympanic membrane. Video fiber optic otoscopy allows optical washing and removal of this obstruction, but often the eardrum is ruptured after the procedure. Still, optic fibroscopy has a higher diagnostic value than conventional otoscopy. There was no significant difference in the results obtained by radiography and ultrasonography. It is concluded that the best diagnostic technique for otitis media in asymptomatic cats is the combination of diagnostic tests, and not through only one of the tests evaluated.