Occurrence and importance of serological diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs treated at a Veterinary Health Service, Barra da Tijuca, RJ.
Leishmania infantum chagasi, urban area, dogs,
In Brazil, the importance of Visceral Leishmaniasis constitutes a serious public health problem, with great incidence, wide geographical distribution and the possibility of taking on serious and lethal forms. In Latin America, Leishmania infantum causes canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). A total of 399 medical records and their respective serum samples were submitted to the tests recommended by the Ministry of Health. From the dogs attended in the routine system at the Veterinary Clinical Care, the animals which were submitted to the tests were seroreactive for LVC, as followed: TR-DPP® with 45 (11,28%) of animals were positive for CVL and EIE®-LVC with 11 (2.76%) and with a final result of 4 (1.00%) seropositive for CVL, due to the concomitance of the final result of TR-DPP® + EIE ®-LVC compatible with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. One of the animals examined was negative for CVL in both tests, characterized as asymptomatic for being positive for the bone marrow puncture cytological test, which prompted this study. There was no characterization of CVL between gender differences, but the predominance of infected animals was consisted of female in both used tests. Regarding the age group, most animals were characterized as middle aged, the longer the life span; greater was the probability of becoming infected with the studied etiological agent. The predominance of seroreagent to CVL was consisted of small animals, predominant in the studied region. Most of the clinical manifestations observed here were similar to those related to other etiologies observed in most animals during their veterinary clinical care. Even so, suspicious animals should be examined for having clinical manifestations compatible with CVL, even if the final diagnosis is characterized by involvement by another etiology, even if it comes from areas considered free of cases favorable to the appearance of CVL in domestic dogs. Furthermore, putting the tutors themselves at risk for being the etiological agent of CVL, Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi considered as a zoonosis of compulsory notification.