Association of Carvacrol and Eugenol in a Liquid Formulation for Topical Spray Application to Control Rhipicephalus linnaei (Audouin, 1826) and Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché, 1835): Clinical Efficacy in Artificially Infested Dogs
Natural control, Terpenoids, Phenylpropanoids, Ticks, Fleas.
The close coexistence with companion animals increases the demand for safe therapies against ectoparasites of medical-veterinary importance, such as Ctenocephalides felis felis and Rhipicephalus linnaei. Conventional control, based on synthetic molecules, is frequently associated with toxic effects and deleterious environmental impact, encouraging the search for natural alternatives. In this context, the present study evaluated the in vivo efficacy of a spray formulation containing eugenol and carvacrol - biocompounds with proven in vitro synergistic activity - for the control of these ectoparasites in Beagle dogs. Sixteen dogs were used, randomly distributed into treated (TG) and control (CG) groups. The treated group received the formulation on day 0, with efficacy evaluated on days +2, +7, and +14, while the control group remained untreated. Both groups showed homogeneous and adequate baseline infestations (>25% recovery), with no prior statistical differences. The geometric mean values of the parasitic load in the control group (CG) remained stable throughout the experimental period, recording 35.84 (D+2), 33.77 (D+7), and 35.01 (D+14) for R. linnaei, and 52.80 (D+2), 65.79 (D+7), and 80.82 (D+14) for C. felis felis. In contrast, the treated group (TG) showed a significant reduction, with means of 1.39 (D+2), 15.76 (D+7), and 32.64 (D+14) for R. linnaei, and 0.54 (D+2), 24.97 (D+7), and 50.09 (D+14) for C. felis felis. Based on these results, the acaricidal efficacy of the formulation was calculated at 96.11% (D+2), 53.32% (D+7), and 6.77% (D+14) for R. linnaei, while the pulicidal efficacy reached 98.97% (D+2), 62.05% (D+7), and 38.02% (D+14) for C. felis felis. The safety profile was satisfactory, with no observation of signs of toxicity or significant hematological and biochemical alterations. It is concluded that the association presents itself as a natural, effective, and safe alternative for the strategic control of these ectoparasites.