Diversity of Haemoproteus spp. in birds of the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais State, Brazil: Morphology, Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Computational Delimiting Species Analyses
Avian malaria, Atlantic Forest, cyt b, haemosporidians, wild birds
Hemosporids of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus are microeucaryotes (Alveolata, Apicomplexa) obligatory intracellular parasites of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles, with wide geographical distribution. The Haemoproteidae family includes the genus Haemoproteus Kruse, 1890, which has a wide geographical distribution, as well as its vectors, hematophagous dipterous insects. They are observed parasitizing birds in different regions of the world and are recognized to cause several biological changes in their hosts. The genus Haemoproteus is divided into two subgenera: Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus. The separation was based on the distinction of the vector families, Hippoboscidae, hematophagous dipterous insects that affect birds of the order Columbiformes, and Ceratopogonidae that affect birds of the other orders, respectively. Concerning diversity, today we have approximately 150 species of Haemoproteus. In the present study, 21 birds of the species Thamnophilus caerulescens captured in fragments of the Atlantic Forest were examined. Our results describe a new species of Haemoproteus using different approaches for this. This is the first time that a species of Haemoproteus has been developed in this species of bird. This study also highlights the importance of integrative taxonomy for the characterization of the group given the complexity of the life cycle of these parasites and the increase in the number of lineages without characterization at the specific level deposited in the databases, which may result in an underestimation in the number species or overestimation of them.