Evolution of satellite DNA in the Acipenseriformes Order (Vertebrata: Actinopterygii): A genomic Approach
Comparative satelitomics, Concerted evolution, Library Hypothesis
With the popularization of next-generation sequencing, it has become possible to study elements that were previously inaccessible for large-scale analysis, such as satellite DNAs. This has led to significant advancements in methods for studying these elements and better understanding their potential functionality and evolutionary dynamics. Therefore, aiming to describe the evolutionary processes of these sequences within the base of Actinopterygii, five catalogs of satellite DNAs were described in the order Acipenseriformes, with 224 new satellite DNAs distributed across five species, including 106 satellite DNAs shared among the species, most of which were in the genus Acipenser, supporting the prediction of the Library Hypothesis. Additionally, 12 highly conserved satellite DNAs (>95% similarity) were characterized, with five of these elements absent in the outgroup, indicating that part of this catalog of highly conserved elements deviates from the concept of concerted evolution, having originated prior to the diversification of this group 160 million years ago, with conservation at the order level, while other elements originated de novo within the order Acipenseriformes. Finally, the HindIII satDNA, already isolated in the genus Acipenser, was isolated in this study, while other satDNAs were found in potential regions of lncRNA or mRNA in unanchored scaffolds of Acipenser ruthenus.