Taxonomy and ecology of coccidians of wild birds from Southeastern Brazil: Molecular identification of Isospora spp.
(Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Itatiaia National Park, RJ
oocysts; coccidia; taxonomy; morphology; molecular biology; genotyping; phylogeny; Itatiaia National Park; Brazil
Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida) are protozoan parasites frequently observed in
wild birds, which are extremely important for biodiversity, host specificity and
conservation. This study aimed to identify, morphologically and molecularly,
coccidians of wild birds captured in Itatiaia National Park, which is a protected area in
the interior of State of Rio de Janeiro. Seventy-six members from two different families
were captured and identified. Two species of coccidians were identified: Isospora
sepetibensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008 of the new host Trichothraupis
melanops (Vieillot, 1818) (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) and Isospora massardi Lopes,
Berto, Luz, Galvao, Ferreira, Lopes, 2014 from new hosts Turdus spp. (Vieillot, 1818)
(Passeriformes: Turdidae). The oocysts of these species were morphologically similar to
the original descriptions; however, for I. massardi, the oocysts exhibited different size
patterns associated with each host Turdus spp. Molecular analysis was performed by the
mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene and by the 18S small subunit
ribosomal RNA (18S) gene. Isospora sepetibensis is the first coccidian parasite of a
New World thraupid to have a molecular identification of the COI gene. Isospora
massardi exhibited a genetic difference of 3% in COI sequences between Turdus spp.,
which substantiated an ecological discussion that associates morphometric and
genotypic differences with a parasite-host co-specification process.