THE EFFECT OF TREE SPECIES ON THE BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITY IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST
Guarea guidonia, Inga edulis, Nectandra membranácea, Piptadenia gonoacantha
Tropical and subtropical forests are being highly impacted by human actions, with
restoration being a human responsibility. The restoration of degraded areas has been
consolidating itself as an important strategy for environmental adaptation, becoming of
paramount importance in the conservation of local and regional biodiversity. To enhance
the success of the restoration, it is important to ensure good planning of all stages, which
includes the selection of tree species to be introduced, as in the case of active restoration.
Tree species have a distinct ability to alter abiotic and biotic conditions, and a single tree
species can be associated with a wide range of fauna. Thus, a better understanding of the
interactions of tree species used in reforestation of tropical areas with other organisms and
what are the effects of their characteristics on the community that live below their canopy
is very important to achieve successful restoration of reforested areas. This work consists
of three chapters that approach biological data in a different way, all with the objective of
analyzing the influence of four tree species on the community that lives below its canopy.
In the first chapter, which addresses the effect of tree species on the arthropod community,
tree species did not directly influence the arthropod community, but these effects are being
driven by indirect relationships. In the second chapter, tree characteristics mediated their
effect on ant species composition. However, this effect is not as clear as the richness of ant
species and composition of functional groups. In the third chapter the environmental
variables, often linked to the identity of the tree, are preponderant for the relationship of
the biological community, more specifically ants, other arthropods and regenerating plants.