"A Western about the Third World": Boca do Lixo, a criminal topography of São Paulo (1950-1970)
representations, press, criminal topography, delinquency, daily life
The present research analyzes the formation process of Boca do Lixo, a district in São Paulo, Brazil, based on the contrast between the autobiographical account of one of its delinquents - Hiroito de Moraes Joanides, written in 1977 - and the discursive constructions of the São Paulo police press and State institutions on the daily life of Boca do Lixo. In this sense, the notion of "Criminal Topography," coined by historian Dominique Kalifa, who thinks of the reserved places for crime in large cities as a discursive construction, emerges as a conceptual instrument to investigate the historical process of constituting Boca do Lixo as a marginal territory of São Paulo, between the 1950s and 1970s. These locations, demarcated by discursive representations and social practices, offer an important angle for understanding the realities and the imaginary of crime. Thus, as well as the perpetrators, means, and circumstances, places reserved for crime also play a significant role in the construction of criminal economies and the management of illegalism. In the following pages, the daily life, subjects, and types of activities developed in Boca do Lixo will be dialogically embedded through the use of a diverse documentary corpus: police press, literature, cinema, parliamentary speeches, and judicial archives. The research seeks to answer when and why this city territory began to be represented as a place reserved for moral dirt, a "bas-fond," in the social imagination, as well as how the relations between the subjects who inhabited it and the state apparatus took place. Finally, the research analyzes how both discursive constructions and the actions of security agents were articulated and inserted into the modifications of the geography and criminal economy of São Paulo.