Forcing the Gods: the use of threats and intimidations to the Ancient Egyptian deities in New Kingdom spells (XVI – XI BCE)
Ancient Egypt, magic and religion, threats
The present research treats about the theme of magic in Ancient Egypt, having as its aim passages of texts called as spells that use a threating tone addressed against Egyptian gods and goddesses. They consist into speeches where the practicer of magic claims that, if determined object given in the spell does not happen as it should, certain divinity is going to suffer attacks, the religious cult is going to be extinguish or the order of natural elements (with the sky abroad, the earth below and so on) is going to be unsettled, between other serious consequences to the Egyptian thought. Since we locate ourselves into the interpretative line that understands magic not as something contrary, but as an inner part of religion, these magical threats become a recurrent and legalized practice; but, at the same time, they challenge our understanding about the Ancient Egypt since they are against precepts of the proper Egyptian beliefs that theoretically should prevent then to be done. Thus, we focus on the period named as New Kingdom, an epoch of expansions and historical-religious developments, to analyse the threats existing in spells. Using both the Speech Analysis outline and part of the method given by the Content Analysis, we look to observe not only how the threats fit into ancient Egyptian beliefs, but also, and specially, how they can contribute to a better understanding of ancient Egyptian religion.