The African Presence in Pre-Columbian America: The Origin of Indigenous Peoples in Afro-American Intellectual History
This research aims to analyze the theme of the origin of indigenous people in Afro-American and African intellectual history throughout the 20th century. From the 1960s onwards, several Pan-Africanist authors and supporters of Afrocentrism argued that African peoples arrived in pre-Columbian America and stimulated the emergence and development of civilizations at different times in history. These theories reached wide dissemination, mainly in the United States, after the publication of They came before Columbus by Ivan Van Sertima in 1976. However, it is possible to verify the presence of the theme in African-American intellectual history, at least since the 1920s, in Drusilla Dunjee Houston's Wonderful Ethiopians of the Ancient Cushite Empire (1926) and African-American Islamic leader Noble Drew Ali's Circle Seven Koran (1927). We will seek to demonstrate that these theories relate to a broader context of black intellectual history in the United States, Black Nationalism and the ways in which human culture has been understood by the human sciences since the 19th century. We conclude that the concepts of civilization and culture that influenced black nationalists in the intellectual field continued to be present in theories about the African presence in pre-Columbian America throughout the 20th century.