Contractors under a global perspective: a comparative study between the internationalization processes of Construtora Norberto Odebrecht, Acciona and Dragados y Construcciones S.A., 1966 - 2014
Economic-social history; History of contemporary Brazil; Business history; Heavy engineering; Internationalization of companies.
The present research seeks to establish a comparative study between the processes of internationalization of the construction companies Norberto Odebrecht, from Brazil, and the Spanish companies Dragados y Construcciones and Acciona, between 1966 and 2010. The chronological goal is explained by the fact that the 1960s were a moment of consolidation of the international presence of Entrecanales y Távora – now Acciona – and, in particular, 1966, the year of the first international contract for Dragados y Construcciones. As of 2014, we saw the first signs of a change in the heavy engineering works market – especially in Latin America – as a result of Operation Lava-Jato. We situate this process of internationalization of firms in a broader context of the globalization of capital and the formation of large business groups from the second half of the 20th century onwards. Thus, based on the particular trajectories of these business groups, a dialogue is projected with paradigms of a business historiography that not only manages to identify points of convergence in internationalization practices, but that places them under a structural arch that emphasizes the unequal aspect of global capitalist development. To do so, we used a combination of bibliography analysis on the subject with: (a) documents made available by companies; (b) reports produced by consultants on the subject; (c) newspaper articles, especially Brazilian and Spanish ones; (d) interviews with people linked to the companies in question. With this, we seek to identify constraints and impacts of their internationalization practices for the sector, placing them in a global and unequal economy, thus contributing to an economic historiography that overcomes the vices of individualizing approaches to the study of companies.Acciona and Dragados y Construcciones S.A., 1966 - 2014