SOUTH KOREA'S NATIONAL SECURITY LAW AND LEFT-WING ORGANIZATIONS: BUILDING AND REBUILDING
This paper aims to study the usage of South Korean’ National Security Act, which was instituted in 1948 and is still maintained, albeit with several modifications, up to the time this dissertation is being written. Based on the analysis of the context of the formation of Korean political and intellectual thought that was established from the end of the 19th century and taking into consideration the events that led to the division of the peninsula, we intend to demonstrate how this law was especially useful in providing legal terms for the persecution of left-wing organizations during the years of the First Korean Republic (1948-1960) and also during the period of military rule (1961-1987). After the fall of the latter, some provisions were attenuated in the aforementioned law, which gradually allowed the emergence of new party groups on the left of the political spectrum. However, the practical application of this legal instrument continued to be used against left-wing groups, known in that country as “Progressives”. Many of whom were targeted as suspicious and accused of spying for the communist north, North Korea, or even accused of fomenting uprisings to establish communism in the southern part of the peninsula. Therefore, the aim is to use the main object – and its applications – to better understand the reality of the Korean political scenario throughout all the regimes established in the period from 1948 to 1988, especially in the way they treated left-wing groups while in power.