FROM UNIÃO PELO CEARÁ TO THE FORMATION OF ARENA: TRANSMUTATIONS, POLYPHONIES, AND DISAGREEMENTS WITHIN THE “REVOLUTIONARY” PARTY IN THE CEARÁ PRESS (1962-1966)
União pelo Ceará; ARENA; Civil-military regime.
This work aims to conduct a historical analysis of the process that led to the
transformation of the former political wings integrated into the interparty alliance —
União pelo Ceará — into the party-building movement of ARENA. In this regard, we
shall examine the main constitutive phases of this political engagement. First, we will
analyze the formation of the União pelo Ceará alliance in 1962 and its structural basis of
operation within the state legislature between 1962 and 1965. Then, we will examine
how, between the October 1965 elections and the enactment of AI-2, the restructuring
of the unionist alliance in the Legislative Assembly took place, reorganizing itself as the
União Parlamentar Revolucionária pelo Ceará (UPRC), with the purpose of maintaining
the political structure established in 1962.Next, we will study how the UPRC, facing the
political mobilizations related to the institutionalization of the bipartite political system,
transformed into ARENA, a process marked by broad internal disputes and tensions
aimed at collaborating with the Brazilian military regime. Printed journalistic sources,
ARENA’s party-organization documents, and testimonial and memorialistic sources
(autobiographical and biographical) were fundamental for this research. They enabled
us to perceive the images constructed at the national level and, subsequently, to
understand how this structure materialized within the reality of Ceará.