Teacher Work and Health in the Municipal School System of Rio das Ostras
Keywords: psychophysical suffering, teaching work, neoliberalism, Rio das Ostras, precarization, public education.
This dissertation analyzes the phenomenon of teacher malaise in the municipal school system of Rio das Ostras-RJ, understanding it as an expression of the psychophysical suffering generated by the material working conditions under neoliberal capitalism. It is based on the premise that this suffering cannot be reduced to an individual experience but must be understood in light of the structural transformations in the organization of teaching work within the context of productive restructuring. This is a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory study that mobilizes three main sources: the 2024 School Census, used to characterize the school structure and the profile of teachers and students; an online questionnaire, titled “Teacher Survey,” with 71 respondents; and semi-structured interviews with teachers from the school system. The data reveal the precariousness of school infrastructure, the lack of pedagogical resources, and the aging and feminization of the teaching profession. They also show that teacher malaise in the system is determined by primary factors, associated with working conditions, and secondary factors, related to the broader context in which the teaching profession is situated. These factors permeate teachers’ daily lives, through work intensification, institutionalized moral harassment, and the various forms of violence present in the school environment. By situating this phenomenon in the concrete reality of Rio das Ostras, this research seeks to contribute to a critical understanding of the contradictions of teaching work, while also pointing to the forms of coping and mobilization built by teachers within schools and union movements.