EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES IN THE CITY OF BOYS (1938-1990): SCHOOL INSTITUTIONS AND DISABLED MINOR IN DUQUE DE CAXIAS, RIO DE JANEIRO.
Keywords: Educational processes, Educational institutions, Education in Duque de Caxias, Cidade dos Meninos (1938-1990).
The emancipation of Duque de Caxias, in 1943, constituted the project of Brazilian national consolidation from the administrative reform of the Estado Novo through the decision of Commander Amaral Peixoto. A city in intense urbanization process for numerous reasons. In this process, the following stand out: the implementation of the Fábrica Nacional de Motores, the rural exodus, population growth, the dispute for the electorate, among others. Accelerated industrialization and its correlate of urbanization defined childhood deprived of family control as a social issue – an institution that plays a central role in the reproduction of the capitalist mode of production. The State needed to control the 'helpless childhood' that occupied the central regions of the city in search of survival. Confronting this issue required elements to conceal the coercion commonly used by the State. That said, Cidade dos Meninos (1938-1990) played a fundamental role, especially in articulating work and education as a way of containing children in a situation of family abandonment. In this work, we study the ways in which the State assumed the treatment of children in a situation of family abandonment, based on the relationship between work and education, in Duque de Caxias, between 1943 and 1990. The aim of this is to understand the educational processes developed within the Cidade dos Meninos. It is important to understand the relations of hegemony (GRAMSCI, 1981) that developed in the territory, in their fundamental traits, which conditioned the functioning of the educational institution (SANFELICE, 2017) as an experience focused on the relationship between Work and Education (CIAVATTA, 2002) . In this way, the sources used are expanded: newspapers, reports, official letters, photographs, published laws, institutional statutes, among others. As an initial hypothesis to be confirmed by this research work, the relationship between Work and Education is indicated as a fundamental element of the educational process developed in the interior of Cidade dos Meninos as a way of containing the childhood that no longer had the control of the family and that, still unintentionally, contested the capitalist social order that was consolidated in the municipalization of the territory.