Psychological well-being of caregivers of people with dementia: evaluation of the effects of an online intervention based on Mindfulness
Dementia, Caregiver, Psychological Well-being, Mindfulness.
The burden associated with caring for a person with a chronic-degenerative disease can impact the health and quality of life of the family caregiver, increasing their stress levels and symptoms of depression and anxiety. The present study aimed to delineate, implement, and evaluate the effects of a multicomponent online group intervention based on Mindfulness, with family members who take care of people diagnosed with dementia, having psychological well-being, stress and emotional state as variables of interest. This is an experimental research, with intervention and control groups (who participated in a psychoeducational intervention) and pre- and post-test evaluations. Family caregivers responded to the following instruments before and after the end of eight intervention sessions: Care Contextualization Questionnaire, Psychological Well-being Scale (EBEP), Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory for Adults – revised (ISSL-R), Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (EFM), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Prior to the group sessions, the participants also answered the Caregiver Characterization Questionnaire and, only after, the Final Evaluation Questionnaire. Based on the data generated, intragroup and intergroup differences were analyzed, using non-parametric tests, as well as additional qualitative analyses were performed. The groups were composed mostly of women (86,7%), wives of family members with dementia (66,7%), with a mean age of 63,8 years, and presenting initial qualifying measures of anxiety (73,3%), depression (53,3%) and moderated or severe levels of stress (53,3%). In the analysis of objective measures of emotional variables, stress, psychological well-being and Mindfulness, a statistically significant improvement was observed in the experimental group, only in measures of depression and distress based in intragroup analysis. Positive reports were obtained after the intervention regarding the benefits of participating in group sessions, with appreciation of gains in emotional self-regulation, in the development of stress self-management skills and in exchange and support with peers, evidencing changes in self-care, emotional state and the way of dealing with their families. This type of intervention may be promising to favor the well-being of family caregivers, with potential benefit also to their family members diagnosed with dementia.