EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE IMPACTS CAUSED ON AGRICULTURE
Geoprocessing. Erosive process. Agricultural production.
Climate change refers to long-term transformations in temperature and weather patterns. These changes may be natural, but since the 18th century, human activities have been the main cause of climate change and these, currently, have been observed with greater frequency and intensity, resulting in extreme events with a high impact on urban and rural areas, with human (social), material, environmental and economic losses. The IPCC report highlights human influence, mainly greenhouse gas emissions, as one of the main causes of these events. Climate forecasts indicate an increase in extreme events in Latin America, with variations in the water regime and frequent heat waves throughout the year. In Brazil, especially in the Southeast (the focus of this research), climate change has caused intense rainfall with a large volume of precipitation over the land and identified damage to the locations where it occurs, both in urban and rural areas. These events trigger economic, social and environmental problems, which may affect food security and public health. With this scenario, there is an increase in the need for studies on the impacts of intense rains and analysis of extreme weather events on cultivable areas and the environment (territorial analysis) through statistical analyzes and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, due to the risks of erosion, soil and fertility losses, deregulation of ecosystems and losses of agricultural production in the areas impacted by the events.