DROUGHT VULNERABILITY IN GOVERNMENT REGIONS IN THE STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO
Water scarcity, Southeast Region; Natural disasters; Socio-environmental Impacts, Climate Change
The drought is usually described as a water shortage for a long date. This natural disaster can happen when the water availability does not satisfy the needs of society and cause social economic impacts. The result are impacts in food growing, supply of water and electric energy. Drought events have historical occurrence in different Brazilian regions. Despite this, exist a perception that the drought is limited North East states However, in Rio de Janeiro (Southeast state) some regions show significant trends of increase in drought occurrences. That said, this research has objective to characterize the vulnerability to drought in the government regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. For this, it is necessary to characterize the drought, its main events, and the related physiographic factors in the state of RJ and identify the social, economic and environmental impacts caused. The methodology is based on a literature review and analysis of precipitation data (TRMM - product 3B343) and also on the analysis of economic and social indicators (State Center for Statistics, Research and Training of Public Servants of Rio de Janeiro - CEPERJ and Instituto of Geography and Statistics - IBGE). As a result, the analysis of precipitation data makes it possible to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) that identifies the places with the greatest risk to drought. While the analysis of economic and social indicators makes it possible to point out the causes of vulnerability and verify the population's ability to respond to these events.