Energy Recovery from Coffee Residues for the Production of Forest Seedlings.
sustainability; reuse; agroforestry; biodigester.
The analysis of current agricultural systems reveals significant differences in productive efficiency between small and large rural properties. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, agricultural activity is predominantly carried out by small producers, generally characterized by limited financial resources and insufficient infrastructure, which hinder their ability to meet the growing demand for sustainable and high-quality agricultural products. Coffee husk residues account for approximately 45–55% of the fruit’s fresh weight and, although a small portion is
used for composting or converted into animal feed, most of it is discarded without proper treatment, resulting in considerable environmental impacts. In this context, the circular economy emerges as a strategic alternative by promoting the utilization of agro-industrial residues as inputs in new production processes, capable of reducing environmental impacts and generating economic value. Among the alternatives for reusing agricultural residues,
anaerobic digestion—especially in the form of co-digestion—allows for the production of a digestate enriched with nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Overall, digestate presents high agronomic potential and may be used as a biofertilizer, contributing to closing production cycles and reducing dependence on synthetic inputs. Additionally, in the context of plant propagation, substrates derived from agricultural residues represent a viable solution to replace or complement soil, providing physical support and essential nutrients for plant development, especially for forest seedlings of Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata var.australis) and gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium). Therefore, this study aims to recover and enhance the energetic potential of residues generated during the coffee depulping process, assessing their suitability for biofertilizer production and for use as components in substrate formulations for forest species seedlings.