MATHEMATICS AND FEMALE TEACHING: DISCOVERING SOME EMBLEMATIC ASPECTS IN POWER RELATIONS
teaching, education, women, history of mathematics, gender relations.
In this paper, our goal is to discuss the power relations in society, which are also extended to gender relations, including teaching as a female profession. Through historical bibliographical surveys, we will highlight the access to education, academic formation and women's corporal identity until the 20th century, mainly, encompassing female professors who taught mathematics. Initially, we will deal with issues which started in the 19th century, when the first educational law in Brazil was passed, which was a milestone in the search for educational rights for women, passing through the change from the Empire to the Republic and reaching the 20th century. We will make a brief comparison of the education that was structured in the country with the reality presented in other countries, for example, Italy, France and Prussia. We will also analyze the women's struggles in the feminist movements that pervaded the last century, emphasizing the multiplicity of groups. We will examine the period of consolidation of the Normal Schools and the education of girls, highlighting the curricular differences of the feminine and masculine schools, also focusing on the mixed classes and the proposal of co-education, evidencing the educational philosophy in force at that time, reaching the period of elaboration and consolidation of the Scholastic Movement, which sought to conjecture the education in a more equal way. We will relate the women teachers of the time with the power relations in the social, political and professional fields through the educational product, which is an existing Instagram profile called Mathematical Women, whose goal is to spread information about education, teaching, women and mathematics, based on historical and social events.