TOURISM, SUSTAINABILITY AND PRESERVATION: THE CASE OF ESEC TAMOIOS (ANGRA DOS REIS AND PARATY-RJ)
Conservation Units; Tourism; Environmental Flexibility; Neoliberalism; ESEC Tamoios.
The advancing commodification of nature in Brazil has triggered profound transformations in environmental policy, particularly within Conservation Units (CUs). Under a neoliberal rationale, tourism has emerged as a strategic instrument for loosening environmental regulations, legitimizing practices that prioritize economic interests over biodiversity conservation. This research examines how tourism has been appropriated as a vehicle for the downsizing, recategorization, and elimination of CUs (PADDD), focusing on the Tamoios Ecological Station (ESEC Tamoios) in the municipalities of Angra dos Reis and Paraty (RJ). Drawing on the theoretical framework of political ecology, the study explores the interplay between sustainable development, the neoliberalization of nature, and environmental governance, highlighting territorial disputes and socio-environmental conflicts in the Ilha Grande Bay region. The methodology combines bibliographic research, document analysis, and fieldwork to uncover strategies of environmental dismantling and the mechanisms of local resistance. The central hypothesis posits that, although tourism is often portrayed as a driver of conservation, within a market-oriented logic it frequently legitimizes the private appropriation of common goods and undermines preservation policies. This dissertation thus seeks to advance the critical debate on the contradictions of sustainable development and the risks posed by the financialization of nature in Brazil’s protected areas.