INDUSTRIAL FOOTPRINT: THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT IN PEDRA DE GUARATIBA
Industrialization. Transformation. Sacrifice zone. Pedra de Guaratiba.
This study aims to analyze the transformations that have occurred in Pedra de Guaratiba, in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro, based on the environmental and socio-spatial impacts caused by the industrialization process over the last three decades. The analysis focuses on the industrial activities fostered by the companies Ternium and Michelin, located near the aforementioned neighborhood, whose installation and expansion have contributed to significant changes in the landscape, territorial dynamics, and local environmental conditions. In this context, the research seeks to understand how the advancement of the industrial sector has reconfigured the urban space and contributed to the formation of sacrifice zones, as proposed by Henri Acselrad (2004). This concept expresses territories and populations subjected to disproportionate environmental and social impacts, resulting from the unequal logic of distribution of the risks and benefits of economic development. Thus, Pedra de Guaratiba is observed as a potentially vulnerable territory within this process, in which industrial interests and the logic of capitalist accumulation prevail over environmental preservation and the quality of life of local populations. The research unfolds, initially, through a chronological study of the industrialization process in the neighborhoods adjacent to the study area, taking the Ternium and Michelin companies as central objects of analysis. Subsequently, the environmental impacts on the suitability of Pedra de Guaratiba's beaches for swimming will be investigated, as well as the economic and social changes resulting from the industrial presence. To consolidate the analysis, bibliographic materials, statistical data, field data collection through interviews, cartographic materials, technical visits to industries, and photographic records will be used. In this way, Geography, as a science that studies the relationships between society and nature, offers theoretical and methodological support to understand how the advancement of industrial activities has produced spatial and environmental transformations, revealing, in Pedra de Guaratiba, the materialization of a territory marked by the tension between economic development and socio-environmental vulnerability—characteristic elements of so-called sacrifice zones.