United States, sanctions and international payment systems: how China and Russia have been developing “de-dollarization” alternatives
dollar; sanctions, SWIFT; Russia, China, USA
Imperialism became a new evolutionary phase of capitalism, from which theorists of this discussion, such as Lenin, were present in their contributions. Based on this approach, this work seeks to understand the impact of sanctions applied by the United States in other countries, carried out through SWIFT, a country considered the global hegemony and an imperialist country. The present study shows how countries have been developing alternatives to reduce dependence on the dollar, consequently, on the United States. The focus will be on Russia and China, countries that have recently developed their own payment system and carry out transactions in their own currencies.