BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE POWDER: STUDY OF FOAM-MAT DRYING KINETICS AND PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS
Keywords: Hermetia illucens L.; Foam properties; Optimization process; Drying kinetics; Mathematical modeling.
Edible insects have gained prominence as unconventional sources of high-quality proteins and lipids in recent decades. The black soldier fly larva has the potential to be used as a food ingredient. This can be attributed to the fact that it is an ingredient rich in proteins (37.1 - 49.2%) and lipids (7.2 - 38.7%), as well as containing minerals and vitamins. However, larvae are highly perishable and require quick processing to extend their shelf-life. One way to preserve these larvae is to reduce their moisture content by drying them and turning them into powders. Drying is one of the most widely applied food preservation operations, however, the food industry faces the challenge of achieving shorter drying times under moderate conditions and maximizing product quality. Foam-mat drying is a useful method to obtain powdered foods with good technological and nutritional properties in a shorter drying time and lower temperatures. Thus, the objective of this work will be to develop a powdered product of black soldier fly larvae by foam-mat drying and to evaluate the drying kinetics and characteristics of the product. To find the best condition of the stable foam, a composite central rotational design 23 with central and axial points added (DCCR) will be used. The study factors will be: addition of emustab ( : 0.7 - 2.3%), addition of maltodextrin ( : 2.7 - 4.3%) and mixing time ( : 1.6 - 8, 4 min). The DCCR responses will be: foam stability, density, porosity and overrun. The best foam condition will go through the drying process in a tray dryer with hot air circulation. A 2 × 3 factorial design with three replications will be used, where the factors will be: samples with and without foam (factor 1) and drying temperature (factor 2: 40, 60 and 80 °C). It is intended to obtain: (1) Response surfaces that will describe the effect of process conditions on the foam properties of larvae, (2) drying curves in order to predict the moment in the process when the desired moisture content will be reached, (3) mathematical models that will represent the drying kinetics and (4) obtain powders with good physicochemical and technological properties intended for animal feed.