Decontamination of aflatoxins in Brazil nut cake as a strategy to increase the safety of product formulation
Bertholletia excelsa; non-thermal processing; cold plasma; UV-C;mycotoxins; non-thermal technologies; Brazil nut cake; agro-industrial by-products.
Brazil nut cake, a by-product of almond processing, has high nutritional value and potential for use in human and animal food formulations. However, contamination by aflatoxins (Afs), especially aflatoxin B1 (AFB1),poses a significant risk to food safety and the commercialization of these products. This study aimed to evaluate aflatoxin decontamination strategies in Brazil nut cake to increase the safety of its use in various formulations. Chapter 1 consisted of a scoping review of decontamination methods applied to tree nuts, highlighting advances and limitations of technologies reported in the last 20 years. Chapter 2 presented experiments using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma (CP) and UV-C radiation, comparing their effectiveness in aflatoxin degradation. The results showed that DBD cold plasma was the most efficient method, achieving a significant reduction of the toxin after 10 minutes of exposure, while UV-C treatment revealed analytical limitations, reinforcing the need for complementary techniques such as LC-MS/MS and NMR to confirm degradation products and assess their residual toxicity. This study emphasizes the importance of technological innovation as a strategy for food safety and for adding value to the Amazon production chain.