“To Go Out by Day”. Book of the Dead and Archaism during the Ancient Egyptian 26th Dynasty.
Ancient Egypt; Saite Dynasty; Book of the Dead.
This current PhD research work aimed to analyze the Book of the Dead during the Ancient Egyptian 26th Dynasty. This Dynasty, commonly referred as Saite for having used the place of Sais as its capital city, ruled between the 7th to the 6th centuries BCE, and it has become remarkable in Egyptology for, among other reasons, having used the own Egyptian past in a search of trends and practices that gave the basis for its own productions, in a phenomenon usually named as archaism. The Book of the Dead, which consisted in a very diverse group of funerary texts that were believed to help the buried and deceased, has also become a target of the Saite archaism. Having been much used in the second half of the previous millennium, the Book of the Dead has undergone a period of around three centuries in which its usage seems to be decreased, since it has nearly disappeared from archaeological records. The Saite archaism has made it go back into usage, but now with a reformulated format that, in comparison to what had existed before, is now more standardized. Our work has then looked to analyze what kind of relationship this reworked version of the Book of the Dead had with the previous version, since, from the Egyptians point of view, this return with remodeling of the Book was actually seen as a continuity of something that already existed before and has been used in that same format – in other words, it was not a matter of innovation, but of continuance. In other to investigate this under the conditions and deadlines of a PhD, we have selected a sequence of five texts of the Book of the Dead, from three Saite Period papyri, and performed an elaborate methodological treatment, something that involved proceedings as linguistic-textual comparison and speech analysis, to make it possible for us to at least have a glimpse of the bigger and wider scenario. In the end, we have also inquired about whether it would be possible, as some scholars have claimed, that the Book of the Dead of the 26th Dynasty could be labelled as an experience of canonization.