Between Slavery and Freedom: Labor Arrangements at the Imperial Fazenda de Santa Cruz (1826–1880).
Slavery; Freedom; Worlds of labor; Emancipation; Law of Free Birth; Tutored labor
This dissertation is structured in two acts, two parts that confront and
complement each other: Slavery and Freedom. This division is not merely formal; it
reflects an analytical logic that seeks to grasp the continuities, ruptures, and
entanglements within the labor regimes experienced on this estate during the imperial
period. The aim is to understand how, over this time span, slaveholding practices and
emerging forms of free, tutored, and negotiated labor were articulated, revealing the
limits and tensions between slavery and freedom.
The first part of the dissertation, entitled Slavery, addresses the main labor
arrangements of the enslaved at the Imperial Fazenda de Santa Cruz during the second
half of the nineteenth century: agricultural activities, annexed workshops, and, finally,
the rental system of enslaved workers. Beyond analyzing the structure, internal
organization, and the interconnections among these labor arrangements, the goal is to
reconstruct the enslaved labor context on the estate in the period immediately preceding
the emancipation debates.
The second part, entitled Freedom, investigates, respectively: the parliamentary
disputes surrounding the freedom of the “enslaved of the Nation”; the analysis of letters
of manumission granted in the 1870s; and the reconfiguration of labor relations in the
post-emancipation period, with particular attention to the implementation of Article 6 of
the Law of Free Birth, which declared the enslaved belonging to the Nation free, but
instituted a five-year period of guardianship—thus redefining the modes of insertion of
formerly enslaved individuals into the labor world.
Thus, although conceptually opposed, slavery and freedom are categories that
engage in methodological dialogue, allowing us to observe the continuities and ruptures
that marked the daily life of labor and the lived experiences of enslaved and