Considering the film not only as an instrument for entertainment, but also, and mainly, as a tool capable of expressing the ideas of those who produce it, through an articulation between aesthetic and ideological values, this research aims at analyzing and reflecting on four cinematographic works produced in Brazil between the years of 1960 and 1964, identified within a modern and contested film movement, titled and recognized by its directors as Cinema Novo.

Thus, the films: "Barravento" (Glauber Rocha, 1961), "Cinco Vezes Favela" (Farias, Borges, Diegues, Andrade, Hirzman, 1962), "Vidas Secas" (Nelson Pereira dos Santos, 1963) and “Deus e o Diabo na Terra do Sol "(Glauber Rocha, 1964) will be analyzed and debated within their symbolic universes, trying to identify how the theme of social marginality permeated this first phase of the movement and in what way these works tried to construct, through of their narratives, a representation of Brazil in the period in which these films are inserted.