The history of the Olga Benário Settlement in the municipality of Ipameri-GO and its relations with Rural Education
MST, Pronera, Social Movements, Settlement.
The subject of this thesis is Rural Education, a public policy outlined in the National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB) of 1996. Initially aimed at rural areas, this modality was consolidated over time and became recognized as a specific educational model capable of addressing the particularities of rural communities. In 1998, as a result of social mobilizations, the National Education Program for Agrarian Reform (Pronera) was created, institutionalized in 2009, and regulated by Decree 7,352/2010. The creation of Pronera is the result of pressures and demands from social movements, especially after the Eldorado dos Carajás and Corumbiara massacres. As MST (2023) states, “Pronera carries in its roots blood, struggles, marches, sufferings, conquests, and many fulfilled dreams.” This program aims to guarantee access to education for rural populations while also valuing and integrating local knowledge and experiences into the educational process, with the goal of reducing illiteracy and expanding schooling among children, youth, and adults in settlements, reflecting the historical challenges faced by these communities. The central problem of this research is the absence of Rural Education in the Olga Benário Settlement, leading us to question why a school has never been established in this territory. The main objective is to understand the history of the Olga Benário Settlement, located in the municipality of Ipameri-GO, and its relationship with Rural Education. The specific objectives are: to understand the historical, social, and political context of Ipameri-GO, where the occupation that led to the creation of the Olga Benário Settlement took place; to understand the historical process of land struggle and organization in the settlement; to examine the struggles for rural education and popular education in the Olga Benário Settlement; and to assess the conditions of access for students to schools near the settlement. The research will adopt a qualitative approach to understand the social expressions present in the context of the Olga Benário Settlement and its relationship with Rural Education. According to Minayo (2002), qualitative research aims to explore specific social phenomena. A case study method will be used, with bibliographical and documentary analysis, as the bibliographical research is an essential step to theoretically ground the study and enable new interpretations of the research object. Authors such as Arroyo, Bicalho, Caldart, Fernandes, Molina, and Stedille are fundamental for understanding the land struggle and Rural Education, complemented by historical works that address land ownership issues in Brazil.